New York state's prominent and progressive men;

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Book

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT

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NEW YORK STATE'S

PROMINENT

AND PROGRESSIVE MEN

AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CONTEMPORANEOUS

BIOGRAPHY

COMPILED BY MITCHELL C. HARRISON

VOLUME III

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NEW YORK TRIBUNE
1902

THE L.BKARV OF

CONOBESS,
T --o ClO'ti RtCtcvEO

JUL, 14 1902

E COPVTIIOMT ENTBV
r,AS3 «^XXc No,
COPY 9.

Copyright, 1902, by
The Tribune Association

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The De Vinne Press

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CONTENTS

PAGE

Frederic "William Adee 1

Thomas Allison 3

John A. Amundson 5

Allen Stoddard Apgar 7

Marks Arnheui 9

Charles Chapman Backus 11

Henry Clinton Backus 14

George Clinton Batcheller 18

Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont 21

John Anderson Bensel 24

George Blair 26

CaliVin Stewart Brice 29

Frederick R. Brooke 32

George V. Brower 36

David Wolfe Bruce 38

George Bruce 41

Thomas Corner Buck 44

'^HARLES LuMAN BUCKINGHAM 46

Sajiuel Budd 48

Jajnies Butler 50

John Byrnt; 52

Laurence J. Callanan 54

Thojlas C. Campbell 56

Francis Dighton Carley 58

John Mitchell Clark 60

William Henry Clark 62

George Caspar Clausen 67

William Rogers Cole 69

George Dillwyn Cook 72

Richard M. Cornell 75

John Sergeant Cram 77

Alexander Baxter Crane 79

John Jay Crawford 81

John Vinton Dahlgren 83

James P. Davenport 85

George Warren Davis 87

Herbert Jerojie Davis 90

CONTENTS

PAGE

John H. Deane 92

Charles Crist Delmonico 94

Loms Palma di Cesnola 96

Edward Alson Drake 98

Robert Dunlap 100

John Stewart Durand 102

Charles Henry Edgar 104

John Washington Eisenhuth 106

John Love Eujot 108

Frederick T. Ellithoepe 110

WiLLLAM Joseph Fanning 112

William Hildreth Field 114

Archie C. Fisk 116

James Peers Foster 118

Eugene Fuller 120

Henry J. Furlong 122

Hugh Richardson Garden 124

Edwin Van Deusen Qazzam 126

Edward Alvah Godding 128

Charles A. Gould 130

Thomas F. Grady 133

Henry Winthrop Gray 135

Samuel Greenbaum 137

Isaac John Greenwood 189

James Brown Mason Grosvenor 141

James Duncan Hague 143

George M. Hahn 145

James Hooker Hamersley 147

Charles Augustus Harned 151

Edward Bascomb Harper 153

Morris Henry Hayman 155

Frederick Rowland Hazard 157

George Jacob Helmer 159

Cecil Campbell Higgins 161

Ferdinand Hirsch 163

John Philip Holland 165

Richard Alexander Hudnut 167

Robert Hunter 169

E. Francis Hyde 171

Charles Conover Kalbfleisch 173

Edwin Stewart Kelly 175

Thomas Bakewell Kerr 177 ,

Fairfax Stuart Landstreet 179 '

William Daniel Lane 181

Frank R. Lawrence 183

Samuel Lloyd 185

Walter Seth Logan 187

CONTENTS

PAcr-;

Pierre Lorillaed 190

Phineas C. Lounsbury 193

John McCullagh 195

John B. McDonald 197

Dennis Daniel McKoon 200

John Milton Mabbott 202

JosiAH Macy 204

Josiah Macy, Jr 207

V. EvERiT Macy 210

William Henry Macy 213

John Augustus Mapes 216

John Baptist Marshall 218

James Madison Marvin 220

Selden Erastus ]\Iarvin 222

Thomas Fales Mason 224

Hibbert B. Masters 226

Prank Jewett Mather 229

Hudson Maxim 231

George Washington Miller 23i>

Isaac Newton Miller _ 237

WiLLLAJi McIVIaster Mills 239

Joseph Mum, M.D 241

F. Adolfo Muller-Ury 243

Herbert Francis Munn 245

William Dennistoun Murphy 247

James B. Murray 249

Thaddeus Halsted Myers 251

Eliot Norton 253

Evermont Hope Norton 255

Joseph W. Ogden 258

Williaji Peck Parrish 260

Thojias G-edney Patten 262

William James Patterson 264

Louis F. Payn 266

Sereno Elisha Payne 268

Royal Canfield Peabody 271

Vennette F. Pelletreau 273

Augustus W. Peters 275

Edwin Fitch Raynor 277

William Richter 280

Sajiuel Riker 282

Stephen Wood Roach 284

Mathew Rock 286

Charles Broadway Rouss 289

Schuyler Schieffelin 291

Francis Joseph Schnugg 293

Delevan Scoville 295

CONTENTS

PAGK

Charles Hitchcock Shebrill 297

Warner Sherwood 299

Jacob Shradt 302

Edgar Oscar Silver 304

Charles Edward Wingate Smith 306

Fred De Lysle Smith 309

Frank Jullvn Sprague 311

Thomas Elliot Stewart 314

Anson Phelps Stokes 316

J. Gr. Phelps Stokes 318

Richard Alsop Storrs 320

Henry Adgate Strong 322

Edward Baker Talcott 324

Ernst Thalmann 326

John Henry Thiry 329

J. Campbell Thompson 331

Robert Means Thompson 333

Mirabeau Lamar Towns 336

Ferdinand C'harles Townsend 338

Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt 340

Henry Sayre Van Duzer 345

Salem Howe Wales 347

Ira De Forest Warren 349

Lyman Eddy Warren 351

Nelson J. Waterbury 353

William Raymond Weeks 355

John Whalen 359

Russell Whitcomb 361

Archibald Sylvester White 363

William Collins Whitney 365

Oeorge Woodward Wickersham 368

Mornay Willlams 370

Floyd Baker Wilson 372

Henry Randall Wilson 374

Richard T. Wilson, Jr 376

Albert J. Wise 378

John David Wolfe 380

George Washington Wright 383

Eugene Zaiss 385

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FREDERIC WILLIAM ADEE

THE family of Adee is of English origin. Its founder in
the United States was John Adee, who in the eighteenth
century came hither and settled, with his family, in the Provi-
dence Plantations, now the State of Rhode Island. At a later
date the family removed to Portchester, in Westchester County,
New York, and thence, in 1823, to Westchester, in the same
county.

A son of John Adee wa§ Wilham Adee, who married Clarissa
Townseud of Albany, New York. Their son, George Townsend
Adee, became a prominent merchant and banker of New York,
making his home at Westchester. George Townsend Adee mar-
ried EUen L. Henry of New York city, and to them the subject
of the present sketch was bom, the gi*eat-grandson of the
founder of the family in America.

Frederic William Adee was born at Westchester, Westchester
Count}^ New York, on April 19, 1853. His early instruction
was received at the private school and military academy of
Brainard T. Harrington, at Westchester, and there he was pre-
pared to enter college. In the faU of 1869, being then sixteen
years of age, he was matriculated at Yale University, and began
the pursuit of its regular classical course. His fom* years at
Yale wore spent profitably and creditably, his rank as a student
being high in his class, and in the summer of 1873 he was duly
graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

With this foundation for special professional culture Mr. Adee
came to New York and entered the Law School of Columbia
University, in the faU of 1873. He took the full regular course,
under Professor Theodore W. Dwight. The coiu'se was then
only two years long, and so in the spring of 1875 he was gradu-

2 FEEDEKIC WILLIAM ADEE

ated, with honorable standing in his class, and received the
degi-ee of Bachelor of Laws.

He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court in May,
1875. Prior to his graduation from the Law School, Mr. Adee
began a clerkship in the office of Lord, Day & Lord, the well-
known and long-estabhshed law fii'm, in association with which
he continued in various capacities for over nine years. In 1883
he established an office of his own in the Equitable Life Assur-
ance Society Building, 120 Broadway, New York, for the general
practice of law. He has attained a recognized standing in the
pi'actice of commercial, corporate, trust, and real-estate law, and
in matters pertaining to decedents' estates. Besides his office
practice, he has been principally engaged in the New York
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, surrogates' courts. United
States courts in the Southern District of New York and at
Washington, in the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims,
and the United States Court of Claims.

While an undergraduate at Yale, Mr. Adee became a member
of the following college societies : Scroll and Key, Delta Kappa
Epsilon, Delta Beta Xi, and Delta Kappa. He is a member of the
following New York clubs and institutions : Union Club, Knicker-
Ijocker Club, University Club, Metropolitan Club, Down-Town
Association, Country Club of Westchester County, Yale Club,
Association of the Bar of the City of New York, Metropolitan
Museum of Ai't, and New York Zoological Society. In politics
he is a Republican, and in religion he is a member of the Prot-
estant Episcopal Church, being a pewholder in Trinity Chapel,
Trinity Parish, New York city.

He resides at the family homestead on Throg's Neck, West-
chester, New York city, bordering on Long Island Sound, and
his law offices are now at 45 Pine Street, New York city.

^^^^^^-^e^^//^^

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THOMAS ALLISON

THOMAS ALLISON was born in New York city on Sep-
tember 19, 1840, and was educated in the public schools and
in the College of the City of New York, from which latter he
was graduated in 1860. He studied law in the office of John W.
Edmonds, ex-justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and in
November, 1861, was admitted to practice at the bar. Although
his father was at that time a man of wealth, Mr. Allison's inde-
pendent spirit constrained him to depend upon his own exer-
tions for maintenance. He served as an office-boy, and he con-
tinued to work his way forward and upward in his profession.

His practice has included some of the most frequently quoted
cases in various branches, but he has from the beginning paid
especial attention to municipal law. He has been employed as
special counsel in innumerable cases in which the city has been
a party, by every corporation counsel, for more than twenty-five
years. This fact is the more significant when it is remembered
that he has always been a strong Republican, while the city
officers have generally been Democrats. He brought the suit in
which Hubert 0. Thomjison enjoined Tammany Hall from
initiating a hundred and sixty-seven new members, and balked
Tammany's scheme to control the Presidential nomination in
the Tilden campaign. Diu'ing Mayor Cooper's term he argued
against the Public Bm'dens Bill before the Senate committee,
and secured its rejection after it had been passed by the Assem-
bly. He conducted and won the contest of E. Henry Lacombe
for corporation counsel against E. T. Wood. He was the city's
sole counsel in all the Broadwaj^ surface railroad litigation, in
the case of the Twenty-third Street railroad, and in that of the
notorious " Shepherd's Fold." These are a few of the causes in

3

4 THOMAS ALLISON

which he has figured prominently as counsel for the city. He
has also had a large general practice in other branches of
the law.

For nine years he was the head of the law firm of Allison &
Shaw, but since May, 1882, he has been alone in practice. His
services have often been sought as special and consulting
counsel, and he has frequently been appointed referee. During
Mayor Edson's term he was asked to accept appointment as
coiporation coimsel, but he declined. He also declined nomina-
tion for the bench by a Citizens' Committee, as well as appoint-
ment to the Board of Education hj Mayor Cooper and Mayor
Grace.

Mr. Allison was the Repubhcan, Citizens', and County Democ-
racy candidate for judge of the Court of Common Pleas in
1889, and polled a very large vote, and won from the press, irre-
spective of party, the highest tributes to his worth and ability.
He was, however, defeated with the rest of the ticket. In
April, 1895, Governor Morton appointed him a judge of the
Court of General Sessions. He was nominated to succeed him-
self by the RepubUeans and Good Government clubs, and,
though defeated, had the satisfaction of polling several thousand
more votes than any other candidate on the ticket. At the end
of his term the jurors who had served under him and the law-
yers presented to him testimonials of their esteem. Judge
Allison declined appointment by Governor Morton as District
Attorney to succeed Colonel Fellows, deceased, and also several
other offers of appointment. In 1897 he was the Republican
candidate for justice of the Supreme Court, but was defeated
with the rest of the ticket. In the summer of 1901 his appoint-
ment as judge of the United States District Coui't for the
Southern District of New York was strongly vu-ged upon Presi-
dent McKinley. In the fall of 1901 he was one of the three
persons agreed upon by the anti-Tammany conference commit-
tee for the nomination by the County Convention for District
Attorney.

jITIx^Jt, Sfpl'L^vi^c/j c-i^

JOHN A. AMUNDSON

THE tides of migration in such a country as ours often show
a curious reflex action. In general the trend has been from
the East to the West. The great States of the West have been
founded, settled, and built up into their present superb propor-
tions by men and women from the older States of the eastern
seaboard. Wisconsin, it is time, was explored by the French in
early times, and a few mission and trading-posts were there es-
tablished. But the real settlement of the region dates fi-om
about 1872, when pioneers began to pour into it from the At-
lantic seaboard. They built it up into one of the sturdiest and
worthiest of the United States. And now, in turn, Wisconsin,
as also all the other Western States, sends back now and then
one of her sons to the East, to be there a vitalizing factor and a
dominant one in the Ufe of the community. With such a man,
of eastern ancestry, of western birth, and again of eastern set-
tlement and achievements, the present sketch has to deal.

The Badger State was the native place of John A. Amund-
son. His parents, descended from the line of ancestors identified
with the growth of the United States, were among the pioneer
settlers of Wisconsin, and there, at the State capital, Madison,
he was born, on April 2, 1856.

His parents were in moderate circumstances, and he was
compelled to depend upon the common schools and his own
efforts for his early education. His personal determination,
application, and self-sacrifice enabled him to surmount difficul-
ties which would have seemed insuperable to a less robust char-
acter, and he succeeded in preparing himself for college so well
that he was accepted as a matriculant at Yale without a single
condition.

(j JOHN A. AMUNDSON

With Rucli preparation his success at college was practically
assured. The same earnest and indomitable spirit caiTied him
through the four years' course in brilhant fashion. He was
a marked man in each of the four classes, proficient in all his
studies. At the end he was gi-aduated with high honors, and
delivered the De Forest prize oration.

From the Academic Department of Yale he at once went into
the Law Department, and there piu-sued his studies with his
accustomed zeal and thoroughness. He also served for the
prescribed time as clerk in a law office, and then was admitted
to the bar and began the practice of law.

No profession is more crowded than the legal, and nowhere is
it more crowded than in New York. Mr. Amundson did not,
however, shrink from the intense competition which he knew he
would find in the courts of the metropolis. He opened his office
here and awaited clients. They came. His high ability, his
imswerving integrity of character, his tact and energy in the
prosecution of cases and the transaction of business com-
mended him to all with whom he had dealings, and his enviable
rej)utation was steadily extended. Among his clients he soon
began to number many large corporations, mercantile estabhsh-
ments, and prominent individual citizens. He became especially
notable for his management of large estates, and for his ability
often to adjust grave disputes without expensive appeals to the
courts.

Indeed, throughout his career, which has now led him high in
the profession and in worldly success, Mr. Amundson has been
distinguished for the same traits of self-reliance, energy, thor-
oughness, sound judgment, and sterling integrity which marked
his first efforts to obtain a liberal education.

Mr. Amundson takes an active interest in politics, as a Repub-
lican. He belongs to a number of social, professional, and po-
litical organizations, in which he is a positive and appreciated
force. He was man-ied in September, 1884, to Miss Carrie Mon-
son, daughter of Curtis J. Monson of New Haven, Connecticut.
He is now a widower, however, with one cliild, his daughter
Elaine. He resides at the Hotel Majestic, at Central Park
West and Seventy-second Street, New York.

ALLEN STODDARD APGAR

ri^HE Apgar family, of Norman-French origin, was trans-
JL planted from Europe to America more than a century and
a half ago, in the person of Jolm Adams Apgar, who came over
in the ship Cliristian, and landed at Philadelphia on September
13, 1749. Thence he proceeded to German Valley, New Jersey,
and there made his home. One of his direct descendants. Major
John Lamerson Apgar, removed thence, in 1839, to Hartford,
Connecticut, and was there prosperously engaged in the business
of a contractor. He mai-ried, in 1840, Miss Mary Sophia Stod-
dard, a member of the well-known Connecticut family of that
name. Her first American ancestor, John Stoddard, came from
England and settled at Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1640.
Her maternal ancestor, Thomas Welles, was Governor of Con-
necticut in 1655-58. Her grandmother, Dorothy Willard, was
a descendant of Major Simon Willard, a distinguished soldier
and civilian of colonial days. Other members of the family
were prominent in the early history of the New England col-
onies and States.

Allen Stoddard Apgar, son of John L. and Mary Stoddard
Apgar, was born at Hartford, Connecticut, on Noveml)er 4,
1841, and was educated in the public schools and high school of
his native city. In 1859 he ])egan business life in the book-store
of Hutchinson & Bullard, in Hartford. Later he was employed
by Geer & Pond in the same line of business. His business
career was inten-upted, however, by the Civil War, which led
him into the naval service of the nation. He was appointed,
on September 1, 1863, acting assistant pajTnaster in the United
States navy, and was attached to the U. S. S. Fawn, one of

7

8 ALLEN STODDAKD APGAB

Admiral Porter's fleet of gunboats on the Mississippi River and
adjacent waters.

On June 24, 1864:, Mr. Apgar was in the pilot-house of the
Fawn, in company with the only pilot of the vessel, during an
engagement with Greneral Shelby's Confederate forces, when
two shells entered and exploded. The pilot was instantly killed.
Mr. Apgar was, by a miraculous chance, uninjured. Seeing the
urgent need of the moment, he seized the wheel and steered the
gunboat during the remainder of the engagement; for which
sei-vice he was especially mentioned in the report of the com-
mander. After the close of the war, he was, on October 19,

1865, honorably mustered ovit of the service.

Returning North and reentering civil life, Mr. Apgar, in June,

1866, became a member of the staff of the Merchants' Exchange
National Bank of New York. His first place was that of a
bookkeeper, but promotions followed in due course. He was
made assistant cashier in 1869, cashier in 1870, a director in
1878, and vice-president in 1891.

At the present time Mr. Apgar is vice-president and cashier
of the Merchants' Exchange National Bank, treasurer and a
director of the Preferred Accident Insurance Company, vice-
president and director of the Kensico Cemetery, president and
director of the Yost Writing Machine Company, president and
director of the Montauk Slate Company, and a director of the
Greenwich Insurance Company, the North River Insurance
Company, and the Worcester Salt Company.

Mr. Apgar is a member of the Union League Club, the Army
and Navy Club, the Mihtary Order of the Loyal Legicn, the
Naval Order of the United States, the Naval Veterans' Associa-
tion, George Washington Post G. A. R., the New England
Society of New York, and the Ridgefield Club and the Country
Club of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Mr. Apgar is married, his wife
having formerly been Miss Mary J. Baker of Philadelphia.
He is a Repubhcan in politics, but has held no public office.

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MARKS ARNHELM

MARKS ARNHEIM, who for a quarter of a century has
been one of the foremost figures in the tailoring trade of
New York, and therefore of the United States, is of purely
German ancestry on both sides of the house. His father,
William Arnheim, was a merchant of Berlin, and in that city
Marks Arnheim was bom, on November 4, 1849. When he was
only three years of age he was brought to the United States,
where his hfe since has been spent.

The family settled in New York, and he was educated in the
public schools of that city. On leaving school for business life,
he at first worked for his brother Louis Arnheim, who had a
mercantile establishment at Third Avenue and One Hundred
and Twenty-fifth Street, New York. At the age of eighteen
years he left his brother's employ and went West. That was
in 1867. He traveled all over the United States for a number
of years, finding employment in various places and at various
occupations. He generally met with a fair degree of success,
but not with enough to induce him to settle down.

Finally he turned his footsteps backward to New York,
returning to that city in 1876. He had seen enough of the United
States to cause him to prefer its metropolis, for business pur-
poses, to any other place. He decided to engage in the tailoring
trade, and accordingly, in the " centennial year," opened a mer-
chant tailor's establishment at No. 192 Bowery. This venture
was from the beginning highly successful, and soon, and later
from time to time, the place had to be enlarged to make room
for additional patronage.

On May 4, 1892, Mr. Arnheim removed his headquarters fi-om
the Bowery to Broadway, establishing himself in a superb four-

10 MARKS AKNHEIM

story building on that great thoroughfare, at the comer of
Ninth Street. In general plan, in ventilation, heating, sanitary
arrangements, etc., this building is regarded as a model of excel-
lence. Nothing seems to have been spared that would add to
the comfort and weKare of the employees. Between these
latter and their employer the pleasantest relations always exist,
and Mr. Arnheim is therefore free from the industrial disturb-
ances which so often elsewhere prevail.

In addition to his great tailoring business, Mr. Arnheim is
interested in some u*on-mines in the West. He has never been
able to spare time for politics, but he is a member of several
clubs, and is much interested in philanthropic works of various
kinds. Among these latter is the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of
New York. He is a member of the congregation of the Madison
Avenue Hebrew Temple, at Madison Avenue and Sixty-fifth
Street.

Mr. Arnheim was married, on April 25, 1880, to Miss Fanny
Zorkowski, who has borne him two daughters and one son.

^^ ^ , /yJc^e/dc

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CHARLES CHAPMAN BACKUS

THE Backus family, which has not been without distinction
in many departments of Amei-ican hfe, was founded in this
country by Wilhaui Backus, who settled at Saybrook, Connec-
ticut, about 1635. He and liis son Stephen were among the
founders, in 1G59, of what is now the handsome city of Norwich,
Connecticut. The son of Stephen Backus, also named Stephen,
migrated northward from Norwich, and, about the year 1700,
foimded the town of Canterbury, Connecticut. A later descen-
dant, Timothy Backus, was for many years, at the middle of the
eighteenth centiuy, a leader in one of the then cmTent theologi-
cal controversies in New England. His son, Ehsha Backus, was
a major in the Revolutionary army and fought at Bunker Hill ;
while his son, Elisha Backus the younger, was, in turn, a colonel
in the American army in the War of 1812. A son of this second
Elisha Backus is the subject of the present sketch.

Charles Chapman Backus was born at Charlton, Saratoga
County, New York, on Mai'ch 13, 1816. He received a good
education and engaged in the piinting and publishing business.
At the age of twenty-foiu- years he became a member of the firm
of Bennett, Backus & Hawley, at Utica, New York, doing a
general printing and book-publishing business, and having the
largest book-store in the State of New York outside of New York
eit3\ The firm also issued the " Baptist Register," which after-
ward became the " Examiner " of New York city, and has long
been one of the foremost religious periodicals in the countiy.

About the year 1840 the firm became enhsted in a new enter-
prise as the Utica agents of an express business which then was
just being established for the first time between Buffalo and
New York, by Livingston, Wells & Pomeroy. This business at

11

12 CHAKLES CHAPMAN BACKUS

first consisted in nothing but the caiTjing of packages of money
for the banks along the present route of the New York Central
and Hudson River Railroad, and its sole messenger was Henry
Wells, who often carried the whole freight in a single hand-bag.
The profits of the enterprise were so small in those early days
that Mr. Wells was several times upon the point of abandoning
it. He woidd doubtless have done so had not Mr, Backus be-
come interested in it and incited him to persevere; for Mr.
Backus saw with prophetic eye the vast future possibilities of
such a business, and encouraged Mr. Wells.

After a tune the business was enlarged, under Mr. Backus's in-
spiration, so as to include the caiTying of other articles than
money. At first small articles of merchandise were taken which
the senders desired to have transmitted with especial speed and
care; and gradually dm-ing the succeeding ten years a general
express business, in the modem sense of the term, was orga-
nized. Thus, very largely through the enterprise and energy of
Mr. Backus, the gi-eat concern known as the American Express
Company came into being, and he was chosen its first treasurer.
Methods of commvmication, as well as of transportation, also
aroused Mr. Backus's interest and obtained his attention. He
gave much study and thought to telegraphy at the inception of
the use of that force, and was especially interested in the House
system of printing telegraphy. He was one of the original pro-
moters of that system. This and other interests soon began to
outgrow the Utica publishing business and book-store in impor-
tance, and in 1847 he retired from the latter altogether. About
1850 he removed his residence permanently to New York city in
order to be at the center of business operations.

In New York Mr. Backus became a forceful and conspicuous
figure in the business and financial world. He was deeply inter-
ested in the great railroad systems of the State, and participated
in the management of some of them. About 1861 the stock-
holders of the New York Central system became dissatisfied
with its management and convinced that a change was desir-
able. Thereupon Mr. Backus was placed upon a committee
of investigation, consisting of five gentlemen, who painstakingly
examined into the affairs of the road, including its finances and
general management. Of this committee he was a most impor-

CHARLES CHAPMAN BACKUS 13

tant member, aud the disclosures reported, which were largely
the result of his investigatious and labors, brought about a com-
plete revolution in the management and conduct of the road.
Dean Richmond was installed as the new president of the road,
and a new and far more prosperous chapter in its history was
begim. From 1862 to 1865 Mr. Backus was the president of the
New York and Montana Gold and Silver Mining and Discovery
Company.

j\Ir. Backus's health began to show signs of impaimient about
1856, and he accordingly witlulrew, little by little, fi'om active
participation in the large affau's that had engaged his attention,
and even was constramed by 1865 to give up the of&ce he had
previously occupied for the transaction of business ; nevertheless,
his earnest interest in affairs, his valuable advice to others, and
his kindly benefactions have kept him known and honored in the
business world until the year of grace 1899.

For many years IVIi". Backus was known as a conspicuously
careful and accurate student of the Bible. He perused, with the
commentators, sentence by sentence and word by word, the whole
Bible once, the New Testament twice, and the four gospels three
or four times, thus making himself an authority upon the Holy
Book.

Mr. Backus married, in 1840, Han-iet Newell, daughter of Ed-
ward Baldwin of Utiea, New York. She died as early as 1867,
l>ut Mr. Backus never man-ied again. Of their four children, two
grew to maturity and suiwived them : Henry Clinton Backus, the
well-known lawj^er of this city, and Mrs. George E. Nearing of
Syracuse, New York. After surviving for seven and a half
weeks a stroke of apoplexy, Charles Chapman Backus passed
from this Ufe on Febiiiary 13, 1899, having completed almost
eighty-three years of most successful and respected existence.

HENRY CLINTON BACKUS

AMONGr the State-builders of early New England the Backus
x\- family was conspicuous. Its founder in this country was
Wilham Backus, who came from England and settled at Say-
brook, Connecticut, about 1635. He and his son Stephen were
later among the founders of Norwich, in that State, in 1659, the
elder Backus giving, with the consent of his fellow-settlers, that
city its name; and in 1700 his grandson, Stephen, was the
founder of Cauterbmy, also in Connecticut. His descendant,
Timothy Backus, an ancestor of our subject, was a leading and
dominant theological controversiahst in New England about the
imddle of the last century. His child, Elisha Backus, was with
" Old Put " at Bunker Hill, and fought through the Revolution-
ary War, attaining the rank of major. After the war he re-
moved from Connecticut to Onondaga County, New York, and
settled at Manlius. His sou, Ehsha Backus, was a colonel in the
War of 1812, and, at its close, became prominent in the arts of
peace by developing the then new country of the central and
northern parts of the State of New York with the stage-line with
wliich he opened up the district, one hundred and fifty miles
long, between Utica and Ogdensburg. A son of this later Ehsha
Backus, Charles Chapman Backus, was a well-known citizen of
Utica, New York, being a member of the fii'm of Bennett, Backus
& Hawley, pubhshers, who conducted the largest pubhshing-
house and book-store then in New York State outside of its chief
city, and issued the " Baptist Register," now the " Examiner,"
of New York city, then, as now, the leading newspaper of the
Baj)tists in this country. He married Harriet Newell Bald\vin,
a daughter of Edward Bald^A^n and Anne Lewis, who both came
from Wales in 1800, and settled in Utica about 1805. Edward

14

HENRY CLINTON BACKUS 15

Baldwin was one of Utica's most highly esteemed citizens until
his death, in 1871.

Charles Chapman Backus and his wife came to New York city
to live about 1850, bringing with them their infant son, Henry
Clinton Backus, the subject of this sketch, who had been born
at Utica on May 31, 1818. The son was educated in the pubhc
and private schools of this city, was prepared for college at
Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, and then was ma-
triculated at Harvard University, wherefrom he was graduated
in the class of 1871. Two years later he was gTaduated from the
Law School of Columbia University, and thereupon was admitted
to the New York bar. He at once entered the office of Sanford,
Robinson & "Woodruff, but, a year afterward, that of Beebe,
Wilcox & Hobbs. This latter firm had probably a more exten-
sive admiralty practice in the federal comis than any other
law fii'm, and in attending to it he gained much valuable experi-
ence. His practice has not, however, been confined to any single
branch of legal judicature. He has been counsel in many im-
portant cases of a gi'eat variety of character, in the numerous
branches of civil or miinicipal law. He is much esteemed for his
knowledge of constitutional histoiy and law, and of international
law ; he is the legal adviser of several large estates ; and though
generally not practising criminal law, he successfully conducted
at least one most noteworthy criminal case. This case, the State
of Kansas vs. Baldwin, is worth recounting. In response to
local clamor, the defendant had been prosecuted upon the charge
of having murdered his sister, had been convicted, and had been
sentenced to death. The ease was vainly appealed to the State\s
Su[)reme Bench, when Mr. Backus, upon m"gent solicitation,
took up the ease, prepared an elaborate brief, created a counter
pubhc opinion by causing the cu'culation throughout Kansas of
vigorous editorial ariicles in tlie Albany "Law Journal," the
New York " Tribune," and other papers, and finally induced the
Governor to make a careful imestigation of the case. The out-
come was that the man's innocence was clearly estabUshed, and
an unconditional pardon was granted to him.

Two incidents in the early life of Mr. Backus should be noticed
because they disclose the strong, resolute character which has
been so useful to him and so helpful to others during his subse-

IQ HENEY CLINTON BACKUS

quent life. While yet a youth he formed and commaBded dur-
ing the late War of the Rebelhon a company in a regiment
known as the " McClellan Grays," reciniited from students in
the public schools in New York city, who, though too young for
legal enhstment in the volimteer army, were animated by such
patriotic zeal as to organize for the purpose of protecting the
national capital in case of attack upon it by the rebels in force,
or for any sudden emergency of dangerous and extreme import
to their country. About the same period he bravely and resist-
lessly advocated the cause of the negi-o, and taught a class of
colored children among the white children in the Sunday-school
of a fashionable church in New York city, in the face of bitter
and intense opposition, begotten of the mahgnant antipathy to
the negro race then prevalent in much of the North as well as at
the South. He was making speeches upon the public rostrum
at sixteen years of age ; and so meritorious was his com-se at
this time of his hfe that it won for him the warm personal regard
and friendship of several of the nation's heroes and great states-
men of the war period.

Besides being one of the most successful practising lawyers in
New York, ]\Ir. Backus has long been conspicuous among pohtical
leaders. For more than ten years he was a member of the
Republican county committee, and for five years served as a
member of its committee on resolutions. While here he caused
the constitution of the county committee to be so amended as to
empower twenty-five enrolled voters in any assembly district to
compel the primary election polls in that district to be kept open
twelve instead of only six hours. In 1891 he was made a mem-
ber of the executive committee of the county committee, and
was elected leader of his party in his assembly district. By
reason of a revolt against the previous leadership and manage-
ment in the district, his delegation encountered a most bitter
contest of five motiths' duration for its seats in the county
committee ; but Mr. Backus triumphantly vindicated its claim
to its seats, and his leadership was accompanied by a harmony
and peace unknown for many years in the district. The follow-
ing year, however, he declined reelection to the leadership when
it was tendered to him. He has on numerous occasions repre-
sented his district in county and State conventions of the

HENRY CLINTON BACKUS 17

Republican party. Various nomiuatious for pubnc office, among
which have been for assemblyman, for surrogate, and for judge
of the city com't, have been offered to him ; but he has declined
them all. He was nominated in 1893 to represent the Seventh
Senatorial District in the State constitutional convention, but
was defeated, the district being overwhelmiugly Democratic. Ho
obtained, however, the highest vote of all candidates running on
the entire Republican ticket that year in that district. He was
elected, in 1898, chaii-man of the delegation from his assembly
district to the general committee of the Republicans of New
York County, who combined in protest against the con-upt
methods and imperious dictation of the previous management
of the party in the county.

Apart from politics Mr. Backus has many interests of more
than personal significance. He was one of the committee on the
constmction of the tomb and monimient of Ulysses S. Grant, at
the head of Riverside Drive, New York. He is a member of the
city and State bar associations, of the Republican Club of the
city of New York, of the Dwiglit Alumni Association, and
of the Harvard Club of New York city. He is also an lion-
orarj' member of the Railway Conductors' Club of North
America, and a fellow of the American Greographical Society, in
the information garnered and distributed and the enterprises
advanced by which body he takes a scholarly interest.

His much-esteemed ^\afe is a valued member of the board of
managers of the New York Colored Orphan Asylimi. Of two
children born to them, one, a son, is Uving.

GEORGE CLINTON BATCHELLER

THE name of Batcheller in America dates back to the " good
old colony days " of 1636, in which year Joseph Batcheller,
with his wife and three children, came over from Canterbmy,
Ensland, and settled at Salem, Massachusetts. This founder of
the Batcheller family in America was a man of character, parts,
and substance, who soon rose to prominence in the colony, and
was the first Representative from Wenham in the General Court
at Boston. One of his sons, Mark Batcheller, joined the colonial
militia, and was killed in a battle with the Narragansett Indians
in 1675.

A grandson of Joseph, Abraham Batcheller, removed fi-om
Salem to Sutton, Massachusetts, about 1751, took possession of a
tract of a thousand acres of land, and divided it into equal por-
tions among his ten sons on their attaining their majority. Two
of these sons were among the minute-men who fought at Lexing-
ton and Concord. One of these latter, Abner Batcheller, also
served in the movement upon Dorchester Heights, which com-
pelled the British to evacuate Boston. His son, Moses Batchel-
ler, s(>rved in the War of 1812 on the ship Constitution — immor-
tahzed in song and story as "Old Ii'onsides." His son, Moses Leland
Batcheller, was the founder of one of the most noted scythe
factories in the country, at Grafton, Massachusetts, afterward
at Smithville, Rhode Island. And his son, George Clinton
Batcheller, is the subject of the present sketch. Through his
mother, Sarah Phillips, his grandmother, Polly Chase, and his
gi-eat-gi'andmother. Prudence Leland, Mr. Batcheller is connected
with the families of those names which have long been con-
spicuous in New England.

IS

GEOEGE CLINTON BATCHELLER 19

George Clinton Batcheller was born at Grafton, Massachusetts,
on Soptember 27, 1834, and was educated at the Grafton Gram-
mar School and at the Barre Academy, Ban-e, Vermont, being
graduated from the latter iu 1855. Ho then entered the. dry-
goods house of Timier, Wilson & Co., Boston, and spent two
years with them. After the apprenticeship in trade, he came to
New York and soon engaged in the firm of Nichols & Batchellei
in the manufacture of hoop-skirts, corsets, and other articles of
feminine attire.

From that partnership Mr. Batcheller withdrew in 1865,
and organized tlic firm of Langdon, Batcheller & Co., in the
same line of manufactures. Branch houses were established in
England and other foreign countries, and the firm took a leading
position in what became a vast and important manufacturing
industry. In 1876 a large manufactui'ing plant was established
at Bridgeport, Connecticut. Two years later Mr. Batcheller
became the executive head of the business, and in 1892, by the
retirement of his partner, he became the sole proprietor. Since
that time he has been associated with his brother, Wilham H.
Batcheller, and George C. Miller. Under liis management the
business has steadily gi-own, so that the Bridgeport factory has
had to be much enlarged. It now has a working force of about
one thousand persons.

Business has not, however, monopolized aU of Mr. Batcheller's
attention. He has been active in various spheres of social life
in New York. He is a member of the Colonial, Republican, and
West Side Republican clubs, and takes an active interest iu their
affairs. He is also a member of the West End Property- Owners'
Association. As might be supposed, he is conspicuous in the
New England Society, being a life member thereof, and in the
Order of Founders and Patriots of America, and Sons of the
American Revolution, of each of which he is a charter member.
He is a member and officer of St. Andrew's Methodist Ejjiscopal
Chm'ch, and devotes much attention to the promotion of its
work. He is a lover of fine horses and has a number of them in
his stables. He is also a connoisseur and collector of works of
art, having, among other valuable paintings, the portraits of
George and Martha Washington painted by Sharpless at Mount
Vernon in 1796. His literary tastes are indicated and gratified

20

GEOKGE CLINTON BATCHELLEB

by the possession of an extensive and well-selected library, in
which much of his leisure time is spent.

Mr. Batcheller is a close observer of men and affairs, and a
good judge of human nature. To these qualities his business
success may in great part be attributed. It has been his fortune
to secure and retain a particularly devoted and efficient army of
assistants and workmen, whose interests and his own are so
inseparably associated that the prosperity of the one assiu'es the
prosperity of the other. Upon such a foundation his gi*eat
business rests.

OLIYEK HAZARD PEKRY BELMONT

AMONG the names which have been identified in this country
^lA_ with conspicuous k^adership in many directions of human
actiWty, there are few so well known as that of Belmont. For
many years it has stood for great wealth, well secured and well
used ; for eminent service to State and nation in pohtical affairs ;
for social prominence, well deserved and gi'acefully maintained ;
and for an impoi'tant part in those manly sports which more and
more are becoming a featiu"e of American life.

The Belmont family, thus long distinguished for its wealth,
influence, and social leadership, was founded in this country by
August Belmont, a native of ALzey, in the Rhenish Palatinate.
He was the son of a banker, and was himself a banker. He
came hither at the age of twenty-one as the New York agent of
the Rothschilds, whom he had ah-eady represented at Naples. He
soon founded a gi-eat banking house of his own, which became
famous as that of August Belmont & Co. He also became an
American citizen, entered political hfe as a Democrat, did so
good service as Charge d' Affaires and Minister Resident at The
Hague as to win the special thanks of the government at Wash-
ington, and for twelve years was chairman of the National
Democratic Committee. He had also a distinguished career in
club life and on the turf. He man-ied Miss Caroline Slidcll
Perry, daughter of Commodore Matthew Calbraitli Perry, who
" opened " Japan to the world, and niece of Oliver Hazard Peny,
the hero of the battle of Lake Erie, whose message, " We have
met the enemy, and they are ours ! " has become historic. The
third of the four sons of Mr. azid Mrs. Belmont received the
name of his famous granduncle.

21

22 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY BELMONT

Oliver Hazard Periy Belmont was born in New York city on
November 12, 1858. He early manifested many of the traits
which had made his ancestors on both sides noteworthy. From
the Belmonts he inherited determination, aggressiveness, a sense
of justice and chivahy, and the faculty of using wealth and
social leadership. From the Perrys he got his love of adventure
and his fondness for the sea. This last trait led to his beiag sent
to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis to complete his
education. Following his gradiaation there he served in the
navy for some time, on active sea duty, on the Kearsarge^ the
Trenton, and other vessels. Both in the service and after he had
left it he traveled widely, in almost all parts of the world, and
on his travels he collected many objects of interest and beauty,
mth which on his return he adorned his mansion at Newport.
The latter, known as Belcovirt, has long been famed as one of
the finest residences in the United States.

Mr. Belmont has long been a prominent figure in the best clubs
and society at Newport and in New York, in which latter city he
has a splendid home. He has paid much attention to driving,
and has one of the finest stables of horses in this country. He
has naturally retained a keen interest in the fame of his family,
and has made each rectirring anniversary of the battle of Lake
Erie a gala-day at Newport.

In politics Mr. Belmont is a Democrat. He was for some
years disiuehned to serve as more than a private citizen, and
held no pubhc office, save that of Park Commissioner at New-
port. In the hotly contested national campaign of 1900, how-
ever, his unwillingness to assume pubhc office was overcome,
and he was nominated and elected a Representative in Con-
gress from the Thirteenth Congressional District of New York.
His influence in the councils of his party has long been com-
manding. In 1898-99 he rose to the foremost rank of national
leadership as the advocate of harmony in the party which had
been rout and distracted, and as the exponent of the principles
of tariff revision, income tax, inheritance tax, public ownership
of public works, direct legislation, anti-imperialism, and others
which he de(nned of greatest importance to the country, and best
calculated to restore the Democratic i)arty to power. He made
speeches on these matters in many States of the Union, and

OLIVER HAZARD PERRY BELMONT 23

established an illustrated weekly paper, the " Verdict," for the
promotion of his political creed.

At the outbreak of the war with Spain, Mr. Belmont offered
to build and equip for the government within ninety days a
dynamite torpedo ^inboat. Tlie President in personal inter-
views seemed inchned to accept the offer, but in the end it was
declined.

Mr. Belmont was married January 11, 1896. Mrs. Belmont
was formerly Miss Alva Smith, daughter of MmTay Forbes Smith
of Mobile, Alabama. She is of Kentucky ancestry, being a
granddaughter of Governor Desha, who was one of the foremost
men in the Blue-grass State in the days of Henry Clay. Mr.
and Mrs. Belmont are of most hospitable disposition, and make
their homes in New York and at Newport, centers of the most
brilliant and cultivated social Ufe.

JOHN ANDERSON BENSEL

JOHN ANDERSON BENSEL comes of mingled Dutch and
Scotch stock, his father, Brownlee Bensel, having descended
fi-om the former, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary
Maclay, from the latter. He was horn in New York city on
Augtist IG, 1863, and was carefully educated. He attended pub-
lic and private schools in his native city, and then, having
manifested a decided aptitude and taste for engineermg and kin-
dred pursuits, entered the well-known Stevens Institute of Tech-
nology, at Hoboken, New Jersey. There he passed through the
thorough scientific coiu'ses of that school, and was thus prepared
for the calling ho had chosen.

On leaving school he began work in a humble capacity. His
first engagement was as a rodman in the corps surveying the route
of the new Croton Aqueduct, from Croton Dam to New York
city. The work was hard, but the training was good, and the
way was thus opened for more important engagements. For
some years, indeed, his struggles were those characteristic of an
ambitious young man in a workaday world, and his lot neither
harder nor easier than is usual, or is to be expected, in the life
of a practical engineer.

After a term of service with the aqueduct corps he resigned
his place there to become a rodman on the Pennsylvania Rail-
road's sm'vejdng staff. In the latter place he remained for five
years, winning promotion to the rank of assistant engineer, and
to that of assistant supervisor of the New York division. In the
latter capacity ho had charge of the tracks, yards, etc., between
Jersey City and Newark.

It was in 1884 that Mr. Bensel was gi-aduated from Stevens
Institute. His work on the Croton Aqueduct was all done in

2-4

JOHN ANDERSON BENSEL 25

that year, and before the end of the year he entered the employ
of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He resigned his place under the
railroad in August, 1889, to enter the Department of Docks of
New York city, as assistant engineer. In this capacity he
workeil imtil the latter part of 1895. During the latter part of his
service he had charge of all construction work on the North
River water-front of the city, including the huilding of bulk-
heads, sea-walls, docks, piers, etc., as well as the supervision of
a large amount of private work.

At the end of six years of this public service, Mi*. Bensel re-
signed his place to enter the private practice of his profession.
For three years thereafter he was profitably busy. He was
engaged as consiilting engineer for the Central Railroad of New
Jersey, for the inspection and valuation of its dock propei-ty.
He was consulting engineer for the city of Philadelphia and for
the Girard estate in that city, in the construction of the river-
wall along the Delaware from Vine to South streets, of which
stnicture he was the designer. He also designed various private
piers along the Delaware at Philadelphia, and had charge of
sundiy other works in the harbor of that city. He was consult-
ing engineer for the city of Newburg, New York, in the valua-
tion of its water-front property occupied and owned by the
Pennsylvania Coal Company.

Mr. Bensel became, on January 1, 1898, engineer-in-chief of
the Department of Docks and Femes of the city of New York,
which place he still holds. He is a member of the American
Society of Ci\dl Engineers, the Engineers' Clul), and the St.
Andrew's Society. He was mamed to Miss Ella Louise Day,
daughter of Henry Day of New York, in 1896.

GEORGE BLAIR

THE father and mother of George Blah* were Germans, born
in Bavaria, near the banks of the Rhine. In that historic
land the father pursued the trade of a stone-cutter. They came
to this country some sixty years ago and settled in New York,
and here, on June 30, IS-IG, George Blair was born. The family
home was well known down-town, and Mr. Blair has lived prac-
tically all his life south of Spring Street. He was sent to the
pubhc school in Grand Street, near Wooster Street, at the age of
four years. At the age of nine years he began working, to sup-
port himself, as errand boy and by selUng newspapers, etc. What-
ever education Mr. Blair has was largely acquired by constant
reading of well-edited newspapers and books and by contact
with the world, added to close observation of affairs. At a
Lutheran Sunday-school, to which faith he belongs, he studied
German, and in that language passed his examination for con-
firmation. At the age of fifteen he entered a box factory, and
in a year rose through all the grades to be a master workman.

Mr. Blah' was a httle over eighteen when, on September 5,
1864, he enlisted in the United States navy. The next month
he was shipwrecked on the Carolina coast, but was rescued, and
thereafter served in the West Gulf Squadron, under Admiral
Farragut. A part of his service was aboard the gunboat Kenne-
bec. He remained on diity until honorably discharged on July
10, 1865. The next year was spent in South America, and then he
came back to New York, resumed the box business, and, at the
age of twenty-one, was married to Miss Elizabeth Grenier, a
native of Berlin, Prussia, and a member of a family honorably
conspicuous in civil and mihtary life.

From the beginning of his career as a box-maker Mr. Blair

GEORGE BLAIR 27

was prominent in the organization of labor. He tilled succes-
sively all offices in the Box-makers' Union, and was a delegate to
the central organization. From 1867 to 1873 he was a leader in
every movement of workingmen in this city. In the latter year,
when the socialists made their lirst appearance here, he was
chairman of the Committee of Safety, and urged practical
measures for preserving the integrity of the labor-unions. These
were rejected by the radical element, and finding himself in the
minority, he i-esigned his place. He then organized the Green-
back Labor party in this State, and traveled all over the State
in its interest. For some years that party was a considerable
factor in politics, but it began to wane after a few years, and in
1881, convinced that the effort to perpetuate it would be futile,
Mr. Blair, as president of the Working-men's Assembly of the
State, called a convention of labor-unions at Albany, and secured
the adoption of his old plan of not supporting a separate labor
party, but voting for the finends of labor and opposing its
enemies. That became the policy of organized labor in New
York, and for five years Mr. Blair was busy putting it into exe-
cution. To that pohcy has been due much of the beneficent
labor legislation of late years. Among the laws secured are
those prohibiting the labor of children of tender years, forbid-
ding competition of prison labor with free labor, and limiting to
ten hours the labor of railroad employees. The establishment of
the Board of Arbitration, inspection of mines and of bake-shops,
the eight-hour law in pubhc works. Labor Day, the Satm*day
half-holiday, and numerous other like measiu"es belong to the
period of Mr. Blair's activity in such matters.

Early in his business career Mr. Blair adopted the principle
of cooperation, and started with some of his comrades a co-
operative box factory. It failed throi;gli the jealousies of some
of the men. Thereupon he withdrew and began work on his
own account, with no capital but his kit of tools. He soon had
a large shop, employing sixty men ; then built two factories, and
each year for fifteen years cut five million feet of h;mber. His
was the only union factory in the trade, and on that accotmt it
was more costly to maintain. The competition of Western fac-
tories eventually destroyed his profits. For a time he kept on at
a loss in order to give his men employment, and thus sacrificed

28 GEORGE BLAIK

much for the cause of organized laboi'. But in 1890 he was
compelled, after a loss of $100,000, to retire from the unequal
competition, and abandoned the large trade, and confined his
small plant to special work.

Mr. Blau* was appointed by Governor Hill, in 1886, to serve on
the Special Prison Commission. At present he holds the impor-
tant place of Superintendent of the Poor in the Department of
Charities of this city, his office being a sort of clearing-house for
the relief of the destitute. It is his boast that no desei'ving per-
son has ever been tiu'ued away from his office, and no impostor
has been tolerated. It has been his aim to command the con-
fidence of aU organizations engaged in charitable work, and to
encourage their cooperation in the amelioration of the condition
of the poor of the great city.

Mr. Blau- is a Democrat in politics, and is a member of the
general committee of Tammany Hall. He also belongs to the
Democratic Club, the New York Athletic Club, and the Work-
ing-men's Pohtical League of this city. He is a member of
Naval Post No. 516 of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of
the George Washington Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons,
Tammany Society, and Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

CALVIN STEWART BRICE

CALVIN STEWART BRICE, who for many years was
promineut in the nation as a lawyer, raih'oad manager,
and political leader, was bom at Denmark, Ohio, on September
IT, 1845. His father was William Kirkpatrick Brice, a Pres-
byterian minister, and his mother, whose maiden name was
Elizabeth Stewart, was a woman of much intellectual force
and charm of character. The family removed in 1848 to Co-
lumbus Grove, in Putnam Coxmty, Ohio, and there Calvin spent
his boyhood to the age of thirteen, under the home care of his
mother and the scholarly instruction of his father. At thirteen
he went to the preparatory school of Miami University, Oxford,
Ohio. His studies were interrupted in 1861 by the Civil War,
when he enlisted in Captain Dodd's University Company, and
was stationed at Camp Jackson, at the State capital. In the
fall he returned to college, only to enhst again the next year in
what became Company A of the Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry.
He spent the summer of 1862 campaigning in West Virginia,
and then returned to Miami, to be graduated in June, 1863.
Then he went to Lima, Ohio, taught for some months in the
pubUc schools, and was employed as a clerk in the office of the
Auditor of Allen County. In July, 1864, he went to the war
again, with a company recruited by himself, with a commission
as captain of Company E, One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio
Infantry. He sei'ved in Tennessee, Virginia, Georgia, and the
Carolinas until the end of the war, and was appointed heutenant-
colonel, but not mustered in.

Mr. Brice went to Aim Arbor, Michigan, in the fall of 1865,
and attended lectures in the Law School of the University of
Michigan. The next spring he was admitted to practice at the

29

30 CALVIN STEWART BRICE

bar and in the United States courts, and immediately formed a
partnership with James Irvine, at Lima, Ohio, and for a dozen
years pursued his profession there with success. His high
character, abihty, and devotion to the interests of his clients
made him deservedly one of the foremost lawyers in that part of
the State. Meantime he became interested more and more in
railroad affairs, and at last transferred his activities almost
entirely from his profession to that important business. His
first raihoad connection was with the legal department of the
old Lake Erie & Louisville Road. He became a stockholder
in that road, and played a leading part in its development.
Failing to make the traffic arrangements he desu'ed with the
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Road, he next undertook the
great " Nickel Plate " enterprise, and carried it through success-
fully. This made him a man of gi-eat wealth and a figure of
national importance and interest. He thereafter was promi-
nently connected with numerous other railroads, including the
Union Pacific, the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia, the
Mobile & Birmingham, the Memphis & Charleston, the Lake
Erie & Western, the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, and the
Knoxville & Ohio, and also the Pacific Mail Steamship Com-
pany. He was for years one of the most active and efficient
factors in the railroad development of the Southern States.

Mr. Brice was an earnest Democrat in politics, and for many
years was conspicuous and influential in the councils of his party.
He was a candidate for Presidential elector on the Tilden ticket
in 1876 and the Cleveland ticket in 1884. In 1888 he was a
delegate at large from the State of Ohio to the Democractic
National Convention, was chosen Ohio's member of the National
Committee, and as chairman of the Campaign Committee con-
ducted the campaign of that year. Upon the death of William
H. Barnum he was, in 1889, elected chairman of the Democratic
National Committee. He was delegate at large from Ohio to
tlic National Convention of 1892, and chairman of the delega-
tion.

His prominence in politics made Mr. Brice the logical choice
of his party for whatever preferment it had to offer, and he was
consequently, in .January, 1890, elected United States Senator
from Ohio, for the term 1891-97. In that office he exerted an

CALVIN STEWART BRICE 31

exceptional influence amonj^ liis associates. He served on tlie
comuiittees on Appropriations, Pensions, Public Buikiings and
Grounds, and Pacific Railroads, being chairman of the last-
named. He was also a member of the " Steering Committee "
of his party in the Senate. His business experience, penetrating
quality of his mind, and his cautious and conservative though
optimistic temperament, made his judgment to be highly prized
and his advice to be sought on all important matters.

]\Lr. Brice always maintained a home and a legal residence in
Ohio. His senatorial duties led to the establishment of a second
home at Washington. A third was in New York, where the
bulk of his raih'oad business was concentered, and where he
and his family were prominent in the best society. Still a fourth
home at Xewport was occupied by the family for a part of the
year. Mr. Brice was married, in 1870, to Miss Catherine Olivia
Meily, a woman of fine intellectual gifts and much charm in
social leadership. Five children were born to them, three sons
and two daughters. One of the sons, Stewart M. Brice, has
become prominent in the municipal affairs of New York city.

Mr. Brice was a member of most of the leading social clubs
of New York, "Washington, and Ohio. He died at his home
in New York on December 15. 1898.

FREDERICK R. BROOKE

WHILE it is one of the most undeniable axioms tliat no
thing succeeds like success, the practical American spiri
renders due tribute in the fullest degree to the successful mai
who, starting poor, without backing, and through sheer persever
ance, pluck, and abihty, makes his way in life. For this reasoi
such books as Samuel Smiles's "Self -Help" will always be o
prime interest, not only to workers of all classes, but to th(
generous spirits of those who, prosperous themselves, can stil
appreciate the nobility of industry. Few of the examples of in
dustrial achievement noted in the famous book we have meu
tioned are more interesting than the career of Frederick R
Brooke, president and manager of the United States Pneumatic
Horse Collar Company, also president of the F. R. Brooke Com
pany. This gentleman, after a variety of struggles and businesi
vicissitudes, has attained high standing in commercial and busi
ness circles as a result of his sound business judgment, strici
integrity, energy, and keen foresight. We must not leave ou
of consideration the two essential points of his natural adap
tability to mercantile life and matters of finance. The companj
which he represents always receives the benefit of a judiciout
expenditure of the treasiuy funds, for his hard exj)eriences ii
early life taught him the value of money, which the great Na
poleon himself once reminded a spendthrift relative was " a verj
material thing."

Mr. Brooke was born in 1860, at Brantford, Ontario, Canada
his ancestors being of Irish and English extraction on his father'.'
side, and full American on his mother's. He was educated at tht
Brantford Collegiate Institute. On leaving college, in 1878, h(
first entered the leading dry-goods house of his native city as

FREDERICK R. BROOKE 33

an apprentice. His first business training was under the stem
super^'ision of a hard-working, coouoniical Scotchman, who in-
culcated the spirit of industry, thrift, and economj^ which largely
shaped and influenced his successful business career.

Naturally ambitious, he eoiild not long remain within the con-
fines of a small Canadian city, and in September, 1879, he
gathered together his small belongings, and, with twenty-eiglit
dollars in cash, sought fortune in the land of his adoption. Being
of a free and independent nature, he disliked the autocracy of
a monarchical government, and at the earhest moment became a
naturahzed citizen of the United States, feeling in all sincerity
that the country from which he derived all the benefits in life
was entitled to all that he could give in return.

He entered the employ of the dry-goods house of Sibley, Lind-
say & Curr, of Rochester, as extra salesman dxu'iug the holiday
season, and in December of the same year came east to New
York. No easy task awaited this countryman, and for a time
he endured considerable privation. All classes of trade were
dull and emplojonent difficult to obtain. At this time his in-
domitable perseverance was strongly manifest. For weeks he
traversed every avenue of the city, seeking such employment as
would enable him to make sufficient to meet his honest obliga-
tions ; but the beardless youth met with the same old story — lack
of experience in the gi-eat metropolis. Finally, in sheer despera-
tion, he offered his ser\'ices without salary to a manufactm*er of
envelops, that he might demonstrate his business ability. After
a few weeks his success as a solicitor attracted the attention of
one of New York's leading bank stationers, who secured his
services. For fourteen j^ears he faitlifully served and managed
this business in a way very profitable to his employer, li%dng
economically, and putting aside a moderate amount each week,
until, in 1893, an unfortunate investment swept away the entire
saWngs of years. At tliat time what seemed a misfortune
proved a blessing in disguise, for the lesson taught was never
forgotten — that wealth was not to be secured outside the chan-
nels of legitimate business enterprises. At this period he re-
signed his position, and, with a modest sum borrowed from a
friend, stai'ted the business of whicli he is now president, which
within five years, under Lis management, became one of the

GEORGE V. BROWER

AGOOD old Brooklyn name is that of Brower, identified with
that city through at least four generations. Abraham
Brower was an officer of the patriot army in the War of the
Revolution, and, with his brother Jeremiah, was joint owner of
the old tide-mill at Gowanus, which was bmmed by order of
Washington, at the battle of Long Island. The present chief
representative of the name is a great-grandson of that Revolu-
tionary warrior, and, though born outside of the city of Brooklyn,
has for most of his active life been identified with its interests.

George V. Brower was born at Paterson, New Jersey, on Octo-
ber 14, 1842, and was prepared for matriculation at Princeton
College. But the outbreak of the Civil War at that time caused
his plans to be altered, and he did not go to college. Later he
studied law in the office of Judge Charles W. Waller, at Hones-
dale, Pennsylvania, and was admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania
in 1866 and to that of New York in 1867. Since the latter date
he has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Brook-
lyn, with more than ordinary measure of success. His practice
has dealt largely with real-estate and commercial aifairs, and has
led him into connection with several important enterprises.
Thus he is counsel for, and one of the trustees of, the Kings
County Trust Company, and president of the Long Island Trust
Company.

Mr. Brower has for many years taken an active interest in
public affairs, and has exerted no little influence in politics as a
member of the Democratic party. On January 30, 1885, Presi-
dent Cleveland appointed liim General Appraiser of the Port of
New York, which office he held and filled satisfactorily for four
years. Then, in Jidy, 1889, he was appointed a park commis-

3G

GEORGE V. BROWER 37

sioner of Brooklyn, and was elected president of the board. At
that time there were three commissioners. Afterward the com-
mission was reduced to a single member, and Mr. Brower filled
the place until February 1, 1894, when he retux'd before the
incommg of a Republican administration.

The Democratic party regained control of the city government
on January 1, 1898, and thereupon Mr. Brower was replaced in
the office he had formely filled, and to which he was able to
return, not as a novice, but as an expert. He became park
commissioner for the borough of Brooklyn, for a terai of six
years. In that place he has charge of the entire system of parks
in Kings County, and also of the great pleasm-e drives, or park-
ways, such as that along the shore of New York Bay at Bay
Ridge, that extending from Prospect Park to Coney Island, and
that from the Prospect Park Plaza to East New York.

Mr. Brower was one of the founders of the Rembrandt Club
of Brooklyn. He is a member and trustee of the Brooklyn Tree
Planting and Fountain Society, which has done nmeh to beautify
that city, and a member also of the Montauk, Atlantic Yacht,
Brooklyn, and Riding and Dri\'ing clubs, and various other
social and political organizations, to all of which he devotes not
a httle of his time and means. He is an enthusiastic yachtsman,
and has a summer home at Brandt Island, Buzzaixls Bay,
Massachusetts, where he has every opportunity to indulge that
taste. He is also an ardent lover of nature in all her forms, and
a close student of arboriculture and horticulture. Thus he has
been able to give to the parks of Brooklyn expert service and
sjTnpathetic care. Under his administration not a few improve
ments have been made in the appearance and management of
the parks, in which he takes a natural pride, and for which he is
entitled to credit.

DAVID WOLFE BRUCE

IF printing be the " art preservative of arts," — and it is impos
sible justly to deny it that distinction, — the art of type
founding must be reckoned its most essential factor. It was, ii
fact, the invention of movable type, rather than that of th(
printing-press, that ushered in the new era of the world. So lorn
as mere engravings upon slabs of wood or stone were used in i
the printing-press was of comparatively little avail. It was whei
movable alphabetical types, cast of metal, were invented that th(
full capabilities of the press began to appear. And thus at leas'
•on an equality with the inventors and makers of printing-presses
must the world hold in grateful remembrance those who mad(
of type-casting not merely a trade, but an art worthy of identifi
cation with the highest developments of the "art presei-vativt
•of arts."

For two generations the name of Bruce was identified con
spicuously with the important industry of type-founding ir
the United States, and for eighty years members of the Brue(
family owned and controlled the great business which Cleorgt
and David Bruce established early in the nineteenth century
The founders of this business, Greorge and David Bruce, were
as their names indicate, Scotchmen, who had come to the Unitec
States from Edinburgh in their boyhood, in the last decade
of the eighteenth century. In Philadelphia, in Albany, ant
finally in New York they engaged in the various departments
of the printing and ijublishing trade. Finally they introducec
into the United States tlie art of stereotyping, and began the
business of type-founding. To the latter industry Greorge Bruce
especially devoted himself, and he became the foremost type-
founder of America. He invented new machines and processes

38

DAVID WOLFE BRUCE 39

and oricrii^J^tod various new and attractive styles of type. For a
full generation he stood easily at the head of the trade in Amer-
ica, and tlie prodncts of liis foundry had no superiors anj'where
in point of both beautj' and utility. At the age of s(n'enty-six
years he cut his last set of punches (for great primer script), and
the work was as good as any he had ever done in the prime
of life, and was unsurpassed by that of any other American
type-foiuider.

Cxcorge Biiice was not only a great type-founder : he was for
many years one of the best citizens of New York. His wealth,
his intelligence, his benev.olence, and his unswerving integrity
made him a valuable member of the cominunity. He was iden-
tified with many good works and organizatit)ns. Thus he was
for many years president of the Mechanics' Institute and of the
Type-founders' Association of New York, and an active mem-
ber and supporter of the Historical Society, the Typogi-aphical
Society, the St. Andi'ew's Society, and the General Society of
^lechanics and Tradesmen. He died in New York city on July
6, 1866, leaving a large fortune and a business of great profit
and of world-wide renown. The business was conducted after
him for many years by the subject of the present sketch.

David ^Yolfe Bruce, son of George Bruce and Catherine
Wolfe Bruce, the latter a sister of John David Wolfe, the emi-
nent pliilanthropist, was born in New York city on March 21,
1824. He was educated in the best private schools of his native
city, and then entered the business already successfully estab-
lished by his father. This was the type-foundrj' with which
the name of Bruce is still connected. The elder Bruce died in
1866, and thereupon David Wolfe Bruce succeeded to the head
of the business, retaining the old firm-name of George Bruce,
Son & Co.

Mr. Bruce was not content, however, with simply receiving
this business from his father and cariying it on in the same old
way that had proved so profitable. He enlarged the factory and
gi-eatly inci-eased its output. He devised and produced many
new styles of tj^)e. Among these latter was a new and better-
gi'aded series of Roman letters. He also produced a series of
borders and comer ornaments. A complete set of penmanship
scripts, designed and reduced by him in 1868-76, has been pro-

40 DAVID WOLFE BEUCE

nounced the most difficult and expensive feat iu type-foundint
ever performed or attempted in America.

He took no active part in political matters, nor was he identi-
fied with other business interests. Soon after his inheritanct
of the type-founding industry from his father, he took James
Lindsay into partnership with him. After Mr. Lindsay's death
in 1890, he decided to withdraw from the cares and labors oi
business, and accordingly in that year he gave the great foundrj
to three of his employees, and then retired to private life.

Mr. Bruce was not a club-man in the ordinary sense of th(
term, but he was a member of the Old Guard. He was nevei
man-ied. He died on March 13, 1895.

The three employees who succeeded to the business wer(
Henry M. Hall, Vilinder B. Munson, and Robert Lindsay, soi
of Mr. Bruce's former partner, James Lindsay. Robert Lind
say died in 1890, and Mr. Hall retired in 1896, lea^ang Mr
Munson in sole charge.

In 1901 Mr. Munson retired, selling out to the American Type
founders' Company.

•^-^,

z .^ t^<l

GEORGE BRUCE

THE historic and royal Scottish name of Bruce has long been
inseparably connected with the printing industry in the
United States, and bids fair, after nearly a centmy, to be remem-
bered in association therewith as long as the " art preservative
of arts " endures.

George Bruce, the eminent printer and typo-founder, was, as
his name indicates, of Scottish origin. He was born in Edin-
burgh on July 5, 1781, and at the age of fourteen followed his
brother David to the United States. Here he gave his first atten-
tion to another department of the publishing trade, namely, book-
binding. His employer proved, however, intolerably tyrannical
and exacting, and the lad soon left and, on the advice of his
brother, apprenticed himself to Thomas Dobson, then one of the
foremost printers of Philadelphia, in whose shop David Bruce
was ah-eady employed. In 1798 Dobson's estabhshment was
destroyed by fire, and an epidemic of yellow fever broke out,
which causes combined to impel the brothers to leave Phila-
delphia and make their way toward New York. Their route, as
was customary in those days, was by the way of Perth Amboy
and thence by boat to New York. At Amboy, however, George
Bruce developed yellow fever and lay desperately ill for some
time. Through the careful nursing of his brother he finally
regained his health, and then they came on to New York, soon
proceeding to Albany, where they secured employment in a
printing estabhshment. After a few months they retm-ned to
New York and continued their work as printers. In 1803 George
Bruce was foreman of the "Daily Advertiser" office, and at the
same time a writer for that paper. Before the end of the year he
took full charge of the of&ce as printer and publisher of the
paper for its proprietor.

41

42 GEOKGE BBUCE

The next venture was the opening of a book-printing estab-
lishment at the corner of Pearl Street and Coffee House Slip,
New York. This was in 1806. Young Bruce and his brother
had little capital, and they were compelled to do most of the
work themselves. One of their first books was an edition of
Lavoisier's " Chemistry," of which they set all the type and
printed all the sheets with then' own hands. Their intelligence
and energy brought them success, however. Their shop was
enlarged and additional men were employed, and in 1809 they
opened a new office on Sloat Lane, near Hanover Square, in
which they had no fewer than five presses.

Three years later a most important step was taken. David
Bruce went to England, learned the then secret art of stereotyp-
ing, and brought back his knowledge to New York. Here the
brothers introduced that invaluable process, though with much
difficulty. The type of those days was cast with so low a
beveled shoulder that it was not suitable for stereotyping. As
tjq^e-founders would not make them a suitable type, the brothers
decided to cast their own type. This they did successfully, and
then had no difficulty in making the stereotype-plates. They
invented a machine for planing the backs of the plates to a uni-
form thickness, and also the system of backing them with wooden
blocks so as to bring them up "type-high." The first stereo-
typed works were a New Testament in boui'geois type and a
Bible in nonpareil, after which they brought out an edition of
Latin classics.

This important advance in the printing business changed the
whole tenor of their business career. In 1816 they sold out
their printing business, and devoted themselves, David to stereo-
typing and George to type-founding, the two remaining in part-
nership, however, until 1822, when David retired from business
on account of impaired health.

Greorge Bruce thereafter gave his attention entii'ely to type-
founding, and placed and kept himself at the head of that in-
dustry in America. He invented various new processes and new
machines for use in the business, and also designed many new
styles of type. As early as 1832 his models attracted attention
and won favor for their beauty and utility, and for more than a
generation he had no rival in the trade. When he was seventy-

GEORGE BEUCE 43

eight years old he cut his last set of punches for great-primer
script, and the work at that age was equal to the best ever turned
out by an American type manufacturer. In association with
his nephew and namesake he invented the type-casting machine
which is now in all but universal use, it being the only one that
has stood the test of long experience.

Mr. Bruce was a num of higli intelligence and wide benevo-
lence as well as luiswerving integrity. For many years he was
president of the Mechanics' Institute and of the Type-founders'
Association, of New York, and an active member and valuable
supporter of the Historical Society, the Typogi-aphical Society,
the St. Andrew's Society, and the General Society of Mechanics
and Tradesmen.

He died in New York city on July 6, 1866, leaving a large
fortune and a business of world-wide renown, which latter was
carried on after his death by his eldest son, David Wolfe Bruce,
who, after conducting it for more than twenty years, gave it to
three of his employees.

THOMAS CORNER BUCK

THE ancestry of Thomas C. Buck is about as purely Ameri-
can as that of any man can easily be. On both sides of
the house his forebears were settled in this country among the
very earhest colonists. The only exception to this rule is found
in the case of his maternal grandfather, Mr. Frazier by name,
who came hither from Scotland. A daughter of the latter, Mary
B. Frazier, became the wife of John M. Buck of Frederick
County, Maryland, and to them was born the subject of this
sketch.

Thomas Corner Buck was born in Frederick County, Mary-
land, on March 18, 1846. He received a good primary education,
and then was sent to Milton Academy, in Baltimore County,
Maryland, where his school education was completed. Next
came the experimental education of practical business hf e. This
he began in a clerkship in a Baltimore bank.

Upon his reaching his majority, in 1867, Mr. Buck left Balti-
more and came to New York city to seek the larger opportuni-
ties and, as he hoped, the greater measui"e of success to be found
in the metropolis of the nation. He found his first employment
as a clerk in the house of Hoyt & Gardiner, brokers. Later he
filled a similar place in the house of Quinan & Enos. There his
early training in finance in the Baltimore bank served him well,
and he made steady progress in the mastery of the business and
in the confidence and esteem of his patrons.

In 1870 Mr. Buck finished his probation as a clerk, and became
a member of the firm of H. K. Enos & Co., brokers. The next
year he purchased a seat in the New York Stock Exchange, and
thenceforward for some years had a successful career as an
operator in that great center of financial speculation.

44

THOMAS CORNER BUCK -if)

This career lie voluntarily interrupted iu 1878, when lie sold
his seat in tlie Exchange and went West to try his fortune in
Chicago. Within the year he decided to return to New York,
and did so return. In 1S79 he rejoined the New York Stock
Exchange, and has been a member thereof ever since. In the
streniious life of Wall Street he is entirely at home, and in all
its varied and swiftly moving operations he is a confident and
expert participant. In addition to the business of a broker he
has acquired other interests in the New York business world.
For a number of years he was a director of the Edison Electric
Light Com])auy.

The temptation to enter political life comes ^vith more or less
force to most successful New York business men, and Mr. Buck
has been no exception to the rule. He has, however, consistently
and successfully resisted it, and has remained content with the
discharge of his duties as a private citizen.

He has not identified himself conspicuously with club life,
finding his inclinations more domestic than conWvial. He is,
however, a member of tlie Manhattan Club and of the Church
Club.

Mr. Buck was married in early life, on November 2, 1869, in
Chicago, to jVIiss Elizabeth C. Sharp of that city. IVIr. and Mrs.
Buck make their home in New York city, and their domestic
life has l)een crowned with an interesting family of five sons,
who bear the names respectively of Henry C, Thomas C, Ray-
mond, Aiusworth, and Alan F. Buck,

CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM

CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM, who has become
prominent in New York, Washington, and the comitry at
large as a practitioner of law, is descended from an old New
England family which migrated from Connecticut to Ohio in
the early days of the settlement of the " Western Reserve."
The family was founded in America by Thomas Buckingham,
who landed at Boston in June, 1637, and who in the next two
years participated in the founding of New Haven and Milford,
Connecticut. He was one of the " seven pillars " of the first
chm^ch organized at Milford in 1639. His son, the Rev. Thomas
Buckingham, was one of the founders of Yale College, and a
member of the synod which met at Saybrook and formulated
the plan of government of the Congregational churches. The
line of descent was continued directly through Thomas Buck-
ingham III, Thomas Buckingham IV, Jedediah Buckingham,
Thomas Buckingham V, Samuel Buckingham, and George
Buckingham, to Charles Luman Buckingham, the subject of this
sketch. The family was, in various generations, allied by mar-
riage with the families of Hosmer Griswold, Parker, Clerk, Hib-
bard, Babcock, and Anch-ews. Governor Buckingham of Con-
necticxxt was a member of this family.

Thomas Buckingham V and his son Samuel Buckingham,
respectively the great-grandfather and grandfather of the sub-
ject of this sketch, moved from the old home in Connecticut to
the " Western Reserve " in Ohio. There in the next generation
George Buckingham was born and hved, and there, too, at
Berlin Heights, Ohio, on October 14, 1852, Charles Luman Buck-
ingham was bo]-n, the son of George and Ariadne (Andi*ews)
Bxickiugham. He was educated first in the local public schools.

4G

(L^

CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM -47

Thoiico ho went to the Uuiveivsity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor,
where he was graduated in 1875. Finally he pursued a course in
law in the Law Department of the Columbian University, at
Washington, D. C, from which institution he was also gi'adu-
ated. While a student in the Columbian University he was
also an examiner in the United States Patent Office.

Mr. Buckingham has made a specialty of patent law, for
which his scientific and engineering studies at the University of
Michigan and liis service in the Patent Office had afforded
special preparation. In that branch of legal practice he soon
attained success, and became counsel for many of the largest
industrial corporations.

Mr. Buckingham has been leading counsel in some of the
most important patent contests of the Western Union Tele-
graph Company, the Thomson-Houston Electric and General
Electric companies, the Delaware & Atlantic Telegraph &
Telephone Company, the American District Telegraph Com-
pany, the Gold & Stock Telegi-aph Company, the American
Speaking Telephone Company, the Schuyler Electric Company
of Connecticut, and various others.

Mr. Buckingham is a member of various professional and
social organizations in New York, Washington, and elsewhere.
Among these two are the University Club of New York, the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy
of Political and Social Science, the MetropoMtan Club of Wash-
ington, D. C, and the Ohio Society of New York.

SAMUEL BUDD

A CERTAIN Baron Jean Buck! was a man of influence in th
early days of the Franklin realm, and his descendants wer
noted champions of civil and religious freedom in Normandy
From that dukedom they went with William the Conqueror t
England, and there maintained their prominence in political an(
social affairs. About 1632 two brothers, John and Joseph Budd
came to New England and thus planted the family there. The;
settled at New Haven, Connecticut, and their descendant
became scattered throughout Long Island, Westchester Countj
New York, and elsewhere. A third brother, Thomas, came ove
a little later, and founded the well-known Budd family of Bui
lington. New Jersey. The family was also identified with th
settlement of northern New Jersey, where Budds Lake preserve
its name, and of central and northern New York and parts o
Pennsylvania.

We may not here trace all its history down to the present timt
In the last generation, however, Hiram Budd and Catharine An:
Budd, his wife lived at New Paltz, Ulster County, New Yor];
Mrs. Budd being of the sturdy Dutch stock which settled th
Shawangunk region in Ulster County. In the next earlier gen
eration the family was united by marriage with tbat of De La Ruf
a French Huguenot family of New York State. The son of tlii
couple, therefore, is of mingled Norman, English, Dutch, an
French blood.

Samuel Budd, son of Hiram and Catharine Ann Budd, wa
born at New Paltz, New York, on December 26, 1835, and was edii
cated in tlie public schools and the State Normal School at tha
place. His business career was begun in the employ of the firr
of R. A. & G. H. Witthaus, in New York. He left them in 186

48

SAMUEL BUDD 49

to enjjage in business on his ovm account as a dealer in men's
furnishing goods, and soon made his two stores on Broadway
veritable landmarks of that trade. He never removed his busi-
ness from the place in which he started it, but remained at "the
old stand" with uniform prosperity, commanding a fine measure
of pubhc favor and the confidence of all with whom he had
dealings.

Mr. Budd has held no pohtical office, confining his pohtical
activity to a right performance of the duties of a private citizen.
He has served the State, however, as an efficient member of
the Seventh Regiment, National Guard, State of New York,
and as captain of Company F of that famous organization. He
is a charter member of the Seventh Regiment Veterans' Asso-
ciation. Apart from that organization JVIr. Budd is not known
as a "club-man," prefen'ing to give his time to domestic and
business life rather than to club hfe.

Mr. Budd was married, many years ago, to Mary Hudson
Beach, a member of the old Hudson family of Shelter Island.
They have six ehildi-en now living, namely : Alvura, HaiTy A.,
Marie Hudson, Fai B., EUzabeth S., and Beatrice B.

The second child, and only son, Harry A. Budd, was at first
an associate and afterward successor to his father, on the latter's
well-earned retu'ement from active business Ufe, and now con-
ducts the same successful trade under the old firm-name of
Samuel Budd, at the same old stand.

JAMES BUTLER

ONE of the largest racial elements in this composite nation is
that fui'nished from Ireland. For many a year there has
been a steady stream of immigration into the United States from
the Emerald Isle, of all sorts and conditions of people. Many
are poor, and come hither as laborers, and of these some remain
poor all their lives, while others find here opportunity of acquiring
wealth far beyond the utmost ckeams possible in the old coun-
try. Others come hither with some means, and at once estab-
lish themselves in comfortable positions. They enter all depart-
ments of activity, as working-men, pohticians, and members of
business houses and the learned professions. In the present
case we have an example of the class which begins with humble
means, and by virtue of grit and shrewdness and energy makes
its way steadily forward and upward to the foremost and highest
ranks.

James Butler comes of good old Irish stock. His father was
Matthew Butler, a farmer of County Kilkenny, Ireland, and his
mother was Ann Kearney Butler. He was born in County Kil-
kenny on FebiTiary 9, 1855, That was after the Great Famine and
the Young Ireland political troubles, when emigration fi-om the
island was attaining enormous proportions. The Butler family
did not, however, join the exodus, but remained in Killienny.
James spent his boyhood on his father's farm, obtaining mean-
while a good education in the National School of the parish of
the Rower, County Kilkenny.

At the age of twenty years, however, the young man decided
to seek a career in some land where the opportunities of achieve-
ment were greater than they were in Ireland at that time. So
he joined the great army of emigrants that moved westward,

50

JAMES BUTLER 51

and came to the United States. Here he had to begin where he
had left off at home, as a farmer, obtaining a place on the farm
of a Mr. Dresser, at Goshen Mountain, Massachusetts. Next he
went to Urbana, Illinois, and secured employment in a hotel,
the Driggs House. His third place was in the Sherman House,
Chicago, and then, maintaining his steady progress, he came to
New York as an employee of the Windsor Hotel. There he
remained until the Murray Hill Hotel was opened, when he
went to it. That was the extent of his hotel work.

Iklr. Butler began business on his own account in 1882, as a
grocer. His natural energy and shrewdness soon gave him a
good start in it, and he has since continued in it, ^\'ith more than
ordinary success. He has become, also, a director of the Mutual
Bank of this city, and is a member of the Produce Exchange
and the New York Mercantile Exchange. He is a member of
various social organizations, prominent among them being the
Cathohc Club and the Commercial Club. He has taken no part
in politics beyond that of a private citizen.

He was married in this city, on September 26, 1883, to Miss
Marj' A. Rorke, a young lady of Irish ancestry, and they have
five chikh'en now living, namely : Beatrice, Genevieve, James W.,
WiUiam M., and Pierce.

JOHN BYRNE

THE subject of this sketch, the son of John and Eleanor
Byrne, comes of one of the most ancient Irish famihes, the
traditions of which are carried back as far as the year 737.
The " O'Byrnes' country," the region where the family chiefly
flourished, was in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford.
OToole, the ancient King of Leinster (O'Toole married an
O'Byme), bequeathed his kingdom to an O'Byrne. The family
figures prominently through the centuries in every resistance to
English occupation and rule. There has rarely been a rebelHon
or a rising with which some O'Bjrne has not been actively iden-
tified. The father of John Byrne was an ardent patriot, as be-
fitted his heredity, and in 1831 was forced to flee from Ireland
with a price on his head, for complicity in the destruction of an
English garrison near Dublin, engaged in guarding the tithe-
books. He came to America, rescued from an open boat on the
high seas by an American merchantman, and settled in Mary-
land, where he married an American, a native of his adopted
State. Mr. Byrne's profession was that of a civil engineer and
railroad builder, but he gave it up, after some years in the
United States, and became a prosperous farmer and planter.

John Byrne the younger was born on his father's plantation
in Washington County, Maryland, over forty-five years ago. He
received a good education in the public schools, in the Frostburg
Academy, and under private instruction at bis home. He was
trained in an engineers' corps, filling several positions of more or
less importance on raiboads and in connection with coal-mines,
until he had thoroughly mastered the science of railroading. In
his subsequent career he became one of the prominent railroad

JOHN BYKNE 53

and mining men in the country, and is at present identified with
a large number of enterprises, both East and West.

For many years he was connected with Collis P. Huntington
in railway interests in Kentucky, Ohio, and Virginia. He was
president of the Scioto Valley Railroad Company, is now presi-
dent of the Central New York and Western Railroad Company,
the Shawmut Mining Company of Pennsylvania, and the Inte-
rior Construction and Improvement Company of New York and
Detroit, which is engaged in building railroads, gas-works, and
natural gas Unes ; a director in the Detroit City Gas Company,
a trustee of the Emigrants' Industrial Savings Bank of New
York, president of the Buffalo, St. Mary's, and Southwestern
Raih'oad Companj^, and is interested officially and otherwise in
various railroads and coal and gas companies.

In pohtical affairs Mr. Byi'ne has never been prominent. He
was a flood commissioner under Governor George Hoadley of
Ohio, during the great inundation of the Ohio VaUey in 1883-84,
assisting in disbursing the moneys appropriated by the State,
as well as those contributed by the charitable throughout the
world, amounting to several hundi'ed thousand dollars, serving
without compensation or emolument. In 1896 he was elected
president of the Democratic Honest Money League of America,
which supported McKinley and Hobart, and afterward, in 1898,
helped to elect Governor Roosevelt. Mr. Byrne still holds the
office, and is as enthusiastic as ever in defense of sound-money
principles.

He is connected with many charitable organizations, and is
president of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Families' Protective Asso-
ciation, which was formed to provide and care for the families of
those soldiers and sailors whom the recent war sent into active
serWce. The work of the association will continue as long as
there is need of it.

Mr. BjTue, who is unmanied, is well kno-wna in the club world.
He is a member of the Manhattan, CathoHc, and Ohio clubs,
and the Down-Town Association of New York, and the Detroit
Club of Detroit.

LAURENCE J. CALLANAN

IAURENCE J. CALLANAN was born in ClonakHty, County
J Cork, Ireland, aljont sixty-five years ago. He gained a
knowledge of the grocery and baking business in his father's
large establishment, under sti"ict discipline and no favors. To
a quarrel with his father, and determination not to receive
threatened punishment on his return from a business trip to
Cork, was due his leaving home. Sending back most of the
money from the sale of the goods, he sailed on the old ship Con-
stitufion from Liverpool, landing in New York ia the fall of
1853. He had consigned himself without notice to his aunt,
but found her awaiting him, she having received a letter from
his father, which had beaten the old packet in transit and told of
his niuning away, urging her to make him return. He declined
to go back, and being willing to do anything not degrading or
dishonest, he earned a few dollars at odd jobs, and got his first
steady work with a gardener on Fifth Avenue. This ended
with the busy season. Next, he found a five-dollar-a-month-
and-board place in a grocery in Brooklyn. He stayed there
some time, then went to New Orleans, where he became an
entry clerk at good wages, but found living expensive and the
associations not to his liking, so he returned to his old employer
in Brooklyn, and afterward found emplojonent with Peter Lynch,
on Vesey Street, New York, in the store he now owns. A year
later, hearing of a small store on Rector Street, he counted up one
hundred and fifty dollars capital, notifying Mr. Lynch of his
intention to start for himself. He got along very well for four
years, when he was surprised by a visit from Mr. Lynch, who
offered to lease him the large grocery store in Baxter Street,
which had been occupied by his father-in-law, with the agency

54

y

LAURENCE J. CALLANAN 55

of the real estate of which his father-in-law died possessed. He
took the husiness, remaining in it until 1868, when Mr. Lynch
offered him an interest in the firm of Peter Lynch & Co., James
A. Kemp having been a partner since 1856.

Mr. Callanan married Miss Ellen Donovan of New York in
1861. With then- little daughter, they moved to Vesey
Street, living over the store. Four children were born there,
and the most severe loss of his Ufe, the death of his three eldest
childi'en ^\^thin three weeks, occmTed. The family then re-
moved to Brooklyn, and thence to their present residence in
West Eleventh Street, New Yoi*k. Of eight children, one son
only is living.

At the death of IVIr. Lynch in 1874, the firm became Callanan
& Kemp. Five years later Mr. Callanan bought the property,
and built a new store over the old one, without stopping business
for a single day — the first time this was attempted in New York.
The adjoining building was purchased, and a new store erected,
making a fifty-eight feet front by eighty-two feet deep, five stories
in height. Mr. Kemp retired in 1896, Mr. Callanan purchasing
his interest in the firm.

Mr. Callanan is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the
Board of Trade and Transportation, the Produce Exchange, the
Mercantile Exchange, and the Retail Grocers' Unions of New
Yoi'k and Brooklyn. He is an ardent advocate of municipal re-
form, and prominent in politics, ^^^thout seeking office. In his
three years' fight against encroachments upon sidewalks the
Court of Appeals sustained his contentions. He m"ged the pres-
ent rapid transit act, and the retention in power of the present
commissioners, the passing of strict laws against food adultera-
tions, and has given valual)le sei-vice on committees before the
city and State authorities in representing the interests of the
citizens.

He is a member of the Catholic Club, and of the American
Catholic Historical Societies of New York and Pliiladclphia, and
in behalf of deserving charity his work is well known. As a
member of the New York Yacht Club and of the Atlantic Yacht
Club he takes his gi'eatest pleasure and recreation fi*om care and
business on his sloop Eclipse, an old-time but speedy boat, being
always with the fleet on regatta days and on the cruises.

THOMAS C. CAMPBELL

AMONG the successful men of affairs in New York are some
Jl\^ who began then* careers elsewhere, and came hither only
when well started in life and its pursuits. They reckon to find
here larger opportunities and higher planes of success than any
lesser community can afford. A case in point is that of Colonel
Thomas C. Campbell, who is now one of the well-known lawyers
of the metropolitan bar. He is a native of the western part of
New York State, having been born at Rochester, on April 25,
1845. His early education was acquired in the local public
schools, and ended with the outbreak of the Civil "War. On his
sixteenth birthday anniversary he enlisted in the national army,
being one of its youngest members. He served from the begin-
ning to the end of the war, acquitting himseK gallantly and
skilfully in every capacity in which he was called upon to serve
his country, and was honorably mustered out, at the age of
twenty years, in the fall of 1865. When, in 1867, the Grand
Ai-my of the Republic was organized, with General Logan as
commander-in-chief. Colonel Campbell was elected to his staff
as quartermaster-general, and was appointed editor of the
'' Republic," the official organ of the order. He held this place
until March, 1870, at which time he completed the studies at
the Cincinnati (Ohio) Law School, which he had begun after
leaving the army, and began the practice of his profession in
Cincinnati.

In the meantime he had been, in 1868, elected a member of
the City Council of Cincinnati, and in 1869 he was appointed
Assistant Collector of Internal Revenue in that district. His
career as a lawyer opened auspiciously. In 1871 he was elected
prosecuting attorney of Cincinnati, and at the end of his term

56

THOMAS C. CAMl'BELL •) I

was reelected. He soon was engaged as the retained counsel for
the Cincinnati " Gazette " and the Cincinnati " Enquii-er," and
hold those positions for ten years.

He was chosen hy tbe Ohio State Republican Committee, in
1876, to prosecute the men charged in that year with election
frauds, and, in behalf of Judge Cox, he successfully contested,
before the Ohio Senate and Supreme Court, the election of the
Hon. Judson Harmon, who has since been Attorney-General of
the United States. He was also counsel for the Hon. Stanley
Matthews, afterward United States Senator and justice of the
Supreme Court, in his contest with General Banning, and was
counsel for Governor Campbell of Ohio in his congi-essional con-
test. He successfully defended Mr. Shellbaker, Chief of Police,
for the shooting to death of Officer Chumley, and Controller
Hoffman against the charge of reissuing one hundred and eighty
thousand dollars' worth of bonds of the city of Cincinnati.

One of his last enterprises in Cincinnati was the establishment
of the " Cincinnati Evening Telegram," in 1884.

Colonel Campbell removed to New York in 1888, and has
since that date been engaged in the pursuit of his profession in
this city, where he has achieved a gratifying measure of success.
He has taken an active interest in politics, and has twice been
nominated for Congi-ess, but has on both occasions declined to
accept the nomination. He has various business interests out-
side of his profession, and is a member of the reorganization
committee of the Columbus Central Railway Company of Ohio.
Mr. Campbell is still frequently engaged in important litigation
at his former home in Ohio.

For four years Colonel Campbell was president of the Hamil-
ton Republican Club of this city. He is a jirominent member of
tlie Ohio Society of New York, and has been Master of Republic
Lodge of the Masonic Order.

FRANCIS DIGHTON CARLEY

WHILE thousands of men have devoted their lives to bank-
ing and finance in its other departments, Francis D.
Carley is probably the first man to make a specialty of finance in
relation to speculative investments in railway equities. IVIr.
Carley has long held the belief that the laws of finance work in
natm-al developments, and are like other laws in other depart-
ments, and govern the ultimate movements of secmnties. That
his theories are correct he amply demonstrated during the phe-
nomenal season of 1898-99 in Wall Street. A writer in " Mun-
sey's Magazine " for April, 1889, gives an account of one of Mr.
Carley's operations in the follomng language : "What it means
to have the pubhc with you in Wall Street is shown with especial
clearness in what Francis D. Carley has accomphshed for the
minority stock-holders of a railroad controlled by a bigger cor-
poration through the ownership of a majority of the capital
stock. The j^roperty has been making money, but no dividends
have been paid. Mi*. Carley undertook to champion what he
held to be minority's rights. Professional Wall Street looked
on amused. The stock for which he stood was selling aroimd
twenty-five doUars a share, and the ' talent ' of the Stock Ex-
change forthwith went short of it, expecting to buy back speedily
at a ten-point profit. They did not. Instead of any decline, ad-
vances began, and from twenty-five the quotations rose steadily
above ninety. Chief of aU reasons for this was that the public,
incHned to take hold of anything fairly promising, was persuaded
that Mr. Carley was in earnest and would fight loyally."

Francis Dighton Carley was born in St. Clau'sville, Ohio, on
January 19, 1839. He is the son of Rufus W. and Mary Ann
Carley. His father was a general merchant in St. Clairsville,

58

r^.

a — y-

FKANCIS DIGHTON CAKLEY 59

and the circumstances of the family, ample for those simple days,
were able to afford young Carley a good education in the schools
of his native town, and later at the State University at Athens,
Ohio. From tliat institution ho was gi-aduatcd with distinction,
and afterward studied law.

He settled in Louis%'ille, Kentucky, where it soon became ap-
parent to him that a business, and not a legal career, was to be
his sphere of usefulness. He became interested in various large
corporations, and figm'ed prominently in all the affairs of the
city. He has been president of the southern wing of the Staiid-
ard Oil Company, of the Louis\ille and Nashville Railway Com-
pany, and of the Citizens' Gas Company of LouisviUe. He was
an active member of the Board of Trade as long as he lived in
Lovusville, and was for some time its president.

Mr. Carley has made his home in New York for a number of
years, and is one of the best-known men in Wall Street.

He is a member of the Union League, the Tuxedo, and the
Lotos clubs.

Mrs. Carley was Miss Grace Chess of South Bend, Indiana.
They have three children : a son, Francis, aged nineteen, and two
daughters, one of whom, Miss Grace Carley, married Oliver Har-
riman, Jr., and the other. Miss Pearl Carley, became the wife of
Eichard Howland Hunt, son of the celebrated architect, Richard
Monis Hunt, who designed the Lenox Library, the Presbyterian
Hospital, the Tribune Building, and a large number of the finest
residences in New York and Newport. Richard Howland Hunt
has himself gained distinction as an architect. Mr. and Mi's.
Hunt have three children, Richard Carley, Frank Carley, and
Jonathan Carley Hunt.

1^^

JOHN MITCHELL CLARK

WHEN, about the year 1635, a number of the prmcipal in-
habitants of Ipswich, Massachusetts, being dissatisfied
with the management of that town, moved away under the lead-
ership of the Rev. Mr. Parker, and founded the town of New-
bury, in the same colony, one of the foremost of then* number
was Nathaniel Clark. He was a strong supporter of Mr.
Parker in the religious controversies which were raging at that
time, and he held a high place in the confidence and esteem of
his feUow-townsmen. He was chosen constable, selectman,
and to other ofiicial places, and naval officer of the ports of
Newbury and Sahsbury. He was also an ensign in a military
company. His wife was EUzabeth Somerby, whose father came
from England and whose mother was of Huguenot descent, the
family name of Feuillevert being translated into Greenleaf.
This latter name indicates relationship to the poet John Green-
leaf Whittier, who was descended from the Feuilleverts. Na-
thaniel Clark's son Henry married Elizabeth Greenleaf, who was
related also to the families of Coffin and Stevens, conspicuous
in New England history. Henry Clark had a son Enoch, and
he in turn had a son Enoch, both of whom filled various pubUc
offices. In the next generation was Captain Thomas March
Clark, a soldier in the War of 1812, and a man of prominence,
who married Rebecca Wheelwright, a descendant of the Rev.
John Wheelwright. Their son was also named Thomas March
Clark, and he became one of the foremost clergyman of his time
in the United States. He was graduated from Yale College in
1831, and was successively rector of Grace Church (Protes-
tant Episcopal) in Boston, rector of St. Andrew's Church in
Philadelphia, rector of Grace Church in Providence, Rhode

60

JOHN MITCHELL CLABK 61

Island, and Bishop of Rhode Island. He received the degree
of D. D. from Union CoUege and Brown University, and LL. D,
from the University of Cambridge. He married Caroline How-
ard, daughter of Benjamin Howard of Boston.

John Mitchell Clark, son of Bishop Clark, was bom in Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, on July 23, 1847. He received an exception-
ally sound and thorough education, which was completed with
a course at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, from
which he received the degree of Ph. D. in 1865. His inclination
led him, however, to a commercial rather than to a professional
or hterary life, and soon after leaving college he engaged in busi-
ness in Boston.

His first important engagement was with the leading house
of Naylor & Co., in the iron trade, and with that house he
has ever since remained. He is now the head of the New York
l)ranch of that house, and is a prominent figure in the iron trade
of the metropohs.

Mr. Clark has taken little part in political affau's, beyond dis-
charging the duties of a private citizen. He is well known in a
number of the best clubs and other social organizations. Among
those of which he is a member are the MetropoHtan Club, the
Union Club, and the Tuxedo Club. He is also a member of the
Down-Town Association and of the Brown University Alumni
Association, and is a patron of the MetropoHtan Museum of
Art.

^53

WILLIAM HENRY CLAUK

WILLIAM HENRY CLARK, who was Corporation Coun-
sel of the city of New York during two administrations,
and for many years a prominent figiu*e in the political, financial,
and sporting worlds of the metropolis and its subiu'bs, was a
native of the city of Newark, New Jersey, the Clark family
having for several generations been a well-known one in that
State. He was born on November 29, 1855, and was carefully
educated in the admirable public and private schools of his
native city.

Upon the approach of manhood, Mr. Clark found his inclina-
tion turning toward the legal j^rofession, and accordingly he
entered the law office of James M. Chapman, in New York, as a
student. There he remained for some time, pursuing his studies
with diligence and laying the foundation of the success which
he afterward attained in his chosen profession.

Before his course of study was completed, however, Mr. Clark
left Mr. Chapman's office and entered that of Bourke Cockran,
the distinguished lawyer, orator, and pohtical leader. This
change may be regarded as a turning-point in his career ; for,
under Mr. Cockran's dii*ection, Mr. Clark not only finished his
law studies and became well prepared to begin practice, but he
also became deeply and practically interested in politics as a
Democrat. It was through Mr. Cockran that he made his first
influential friends in the political world, and thus was launched
upon a public career of more than common success.

Mr. Clark completed his studies and was admitted to the bar
in 1882, and in the following year formed a partnership with
his preceptor and friend Mr. Cockran, under the firm-name of
Cockran & Clark. This connection lasted for some time, to the

C2

WILLIAM HENRY CLARK 63

iinitual satisfaction and pro tit of the partners. It was broken
only by the entrance of Mr. Clark into semi-public office as
counsel to the Sheriff of the county of New York, Mr. Davidson.
The partnership was amicably and regretfully dissolved, and
]\Ii'. Clark thereafter for a tina(> devoted his attention to the legal
business of the shrievalty.

Mr. Davidson was succeeded as Sheriff by Hugh J. Grant, and
the latter retained Mr. Clark during his administration as his
legal adviser. In that place Mr. Clark attained an intimate
knowledge of the legal interests of the city, and became partic-
ularly well titted for the next appointment which came to him
and with which his name is most identified.

This latter appointment was that as Corporation Coimsel of
the city of New York, which made him the supreme legal adviser
of the municipal govei-nment, and put him in charge of the legal
interests of the city. It is a place of tnist and honor, and of
considerable pohtical influence, which has been sought and filled
l)y law}''ers of the highest distinction. Mr. Clark was appointed
to this office by jNIr. Grant when the latter became Mayor, and
he tilled it throughout Mr. Grant's administration with eminent
success. Mr. Grant was succeeded in the mayoralty by Mr.
Gilroy, who reappointed Mr. Clark, and retained him in the
office throughout his administration.

At the end of Mr. Gilroy's term in the Mayor's office a politi-
cal revolution occurred in New York. A strong anti-Tanmiany
"fusion" movement was organized and was successful, and a
Republican Mayor, Colonel Strong, was elected. This led to a
change in the political com]ilexion of the appointive offices, and
Mr. Clark was accoi'dingly not continued in his place.

He thereupon retired to private practice, and held no more
public offices, though he retained for the remainder of his life an
active interest in political affairs. He was identified with Tam-
many Hall, and for years was prominent in its councils. In the
latter years of his hfe, however, together with Messrs. Grant,
Gilroy, and others, he disagreed with those who directed the
pohcy of the organization, and accordingly had little to do with
the workings of the party.

In his private legal practice Mr. Clark was engaged in a num-
ber of important and even sensational cases, including several in

64 WILLIAM HENBY CLAEK

which city office-holders were involved. He was counsel for the
defense of Sharp and Kerr, who were indicted in connection
with the famous Broadway Railroad bribery cases. He was
likewise counsel for the defense of Maurice B. Flynn when the
latter was indicted for conspu-acy in connection with the Depart-
ment of Public Works. As a lawj^er in private practice Mr.
Clark was successful, and he enjoyed the patronage of a large
and profitable clientele.

In addition to his office- holding and legal practice, Mr. Clark
found time to interest liimseK in the operations of Wall Street.
He greatly enjoyed the excitement of speculation, and was gen-
erally regarded as an enterprising and successful operator. He
also speculated in real estate to a considerable extent, and was
credited with having amassed from this source alone a handsome
fortune.

It was upon his retirement from the office of Corporation
Counsel that Mr. Clark began his Wall Street operations. At
about the same time he began to take an active interest in turf
affau's, his means at this time enabling him to establish and to
maintain a fine racing-stable. He was always regarded on Wall
Street as a man who did big things and took long chances in his
undertakings. The love of taking chances seemed at times as
strong as the desire for gain. At times he conducted " deals " on
the Street that made even the veterans of the financial center
stare with astonishment. There is a story that he made $60,000
in a single day in Brooklyn Rapid Transit stock.

Upon the turf Mr. Clark had a noteworthy, honorable, and
generally successful career. He estabhshed an expensive stable
and maintained it in lavish style, regardless of expense. He
hired the jockey Maher to ride his horses for two years, at a
salary of $10,000 a year. He won the great Brooklyn Handicap
race with his famous horse Banastar. That incident made Ban-
astar a prime favorite for the Suburban stakes ; but when the
latter race came to be run, through some irregularity the horse
was left at the post, thus occasioning heavy losses to many who
had backed it in the betting, including a host of Mr. Clark's
personal friends, as well as, of course, Mr. Clark himself. Mr.
Clark's own losses were very heavy, but it was characteristic of
his generous temperament that he was much more troubled over

WILLIAM HENRY CLARK 65

his friends' losses than his own. The jockey was blamed for
the "fluke," and Mr. Clark would not let him ride again,
though he continued to pay him his salary as stipulated.
Later the matter was settled, and Maher was released by his
employer.

After that unfortunate incident Mr. Clark appeared to be the
victim of some malign fate. On both Wall Street and the turf
he met with serious reverses. In a decline in prices of stocks in
the winter of 1899-1900 he was said to have suffered considera-
ble loss, which he could ill afford, and which he was not able to
recoup. He also entered upon a great racing scheme which was
most praiseworthy in intent, but which did not in his time win
the success which it deserved. He wished to encourage trot-
ting-raeos in this part of the country, and to restore trotting to
the popular favor which it enjoyed a generation ago, and accord-
ingly organized among his friends a movement to that end.
The result was the establishment of the great Empire City Trot-
ting-track, in the northern suburbs of New York. This was a
costly Tmdertaking, the initial expense being about $700,000, of
which Mr. Clark is said to have furnished nearly one half.

This race-course was a fine one, picturesquely situated among
the hills near Yonkers, and there were many hopes that it would
emulate and even sui'pass the historic glories of old Jerome Park.
Unfortunately the site chosen was not as readily accessible as
might have been desired, and for that and other reasons it was
not at once a profitable enterprise. It has now passed under
other o\vnership, and is to be remodeled and made more con-
venient of access, so that there is a prospect of the fulfilment
of Mr. Clark's ambition concerning it.

Hard work, the high-pressure strain of Wall Street and the
turf, together with an amount of wonying over the losses of
himself and his friends already mentioned, at last began to t(>ll
upon Mr. Clark's fine health. ' In the late fall of 1899 his health
began to show signs of serious impairment, and although he was
mentally as keen and robust as ever, he fell prey to occasional
and in-esistible fits of melancholy depression. Wliile he was in
this condition he was attacked by a severe cold, which settled
in his throat and limgs. For a time he attempted to disregard
it and to pi^rsue his ordinary courses of life. Finally, however,

QQ WILLIAM HENRY CLAEK

he was compelled to heed the warnings of his physician and the
solicitations of his relatives and friends.

Mr. Clark accordingly, though with reluctance and under
protest, closed his office and went to Lakewood in quest of rest
and health. A few weeks at that delightful resort among the
New Jersey pines seemed almost to restore hmi to his normal
condition of mind and body, and he returned to New York and
resumed his work ; but with his return a relapse in his condition
occurred. After a few days' confinement to his bed he suddenly
grew much worse and rapidly sank.

On the morning of February 17, 1900, he died, his last act
being to recognize his brother as he came into the room, and
to greet him with a cheery " Hallo, Ed ! " The funeral service
was held at the Church of the Blessed Sacrament, in New York,
on February 20, and the interment was at Calvary Cemetery.

Mr. Clark was married. His wife and two young sons sur-
vive him. He was a man of handsome personahty and genial
manner, who commanded the confidence and affection of a host
of friends, both in the business and in the social world, and his
death was deeply and widely deplored.

gs^

* ^^N-^S^^^^-J^

GEORGE CASPAR CLAUSEN

GEORGE CASPAR CLAUSEN, the tirst president of the
Park Board under thcjGreater New York charter, and also
Park Commissioner under its provision for the boroughs of Man-
hattan and Richmond, is the son of Henry and Caroline Clausen,
both natives of Gemiany. Henry Clausen lived in the early
part of his life in the city of Bremen, and was there engaged in
mercantile pursuits. Near the middle of the nineteenth century,
however, he came to this country and made his home in New
York. For a time he pursued a mercantile career with marked
success, but later, seeing the vast opportunities in the rapidly
increasing popularity of beer as a beverage, he founded in New
York city the great brewing estabUshment of Henrj' Clausen &
Sons.

The elder Clausen was one of those who reaped a rich reward
from his foresight in seeing that the public in America could
be largely turned fi-om the consumption of whisky and spirits to
the use of malt liquors as a beverage.

George C. Clausen was born in New York city on March 31,
1849, and received a particularly careful education. At first he
attended a public school in New York, but soon left it to continue
study in private schools here. He was then sent to a military
college in Maryland, and completed his education with a course
of study in Germany.

Thus prepared for the duties of manhood, IVIi'. Clausen became
a member of the great brewing firm founded by his father. This
interest and others connected with brewing were so productive
that when an English syndicate in search of such investments
made its purchases in Now Yoi-k some years ago, he sold out to
them and made a handsome fortune, which he invested to great

67

68 GEORGE CASPAE CLAUSEN

advantage in other directions, giving evidence of remarkable
business capacity.

Mr. Clausen also began to take an interest in public and politi-
cal matters. Affiliating with the Democratic party, he joined
Tammany Hall, and has remauied a faithful and influential mem-
ber of that organization ever since, having been reelected for
several terms as a member of the Sachems.

He was introduced to the public service by Mayor Gilroy, who,
on January 4, 1893, appointed him a Commissioner of the De-
partment of Taxes and Assessments. He held that place for
about four months, when he resigned, on May 1, to take an im-
salaried appointment as a member of the Park Board. Of this
board he was afterward elected president. The old Park Board,
of which he was a member, was the one which i^lanned and began
the work of the Harlem River Speedway, and which expended
the milhon dollars appropriated under an act of the Legislature
to reheve the distress of the poor of the city in the hard times of
the winter of 1894. In both of these matters tliei*e were differ-
ences of public opinion, and somewhat excited controversies.
Mr. Clausen's public position was characterized by an imswerving
devotion to what he believed to be right. The Park Board of
which he was a member went out of office with the whole ad-
ministration under the power of removal given to Mayor Strong
by the Legislature.

When the present city of New York was formed by consolida-
tion of the various metropolitan eomnumities, and Mr. Van
Wyck, a Democrat, was elected Mayor, Mr. Clausen was again
summoned to the public service, and on January 1, 1898, he be-
came president of the Park Board for the boroughs of Manhattan
and Richmond, which place he has since filled.

Mr. Clausen is a member of numerous clubs, including the
Democratic, New York Athletic, and the Larchmont Yacht clubs
and the Liederkranz and Arion societies. He is also a member
of the New York Driving Club, and is one of the best-known
horsemen on the pleasure drives of New York.

He is maiTied, and has a son in Princeton, and a daughter just
reaching young womanhood.

WILLIAM ROGERS COLE

WILLIMI ROGERS COLE, who before attaining middle
age has placed himself in the foremost rank of an impor-
tant department of American industry and commerce, comes of
the old colonial stock which, in the eighteenth century, made
New Jersey one of the strongest of the thirteen colonies. The
paternal family of Cole and the maternal family of Rogers have
for many generations been settled in New Jersey, and have been
conspicuous in the affairs of that commonwealth. Mr. Cole's
father, John H. Cole, and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Cole, are
both still hving, and have for some years made their home in
Jersey City. Formerly, however, they dwelt in the historic
to'WTi of South Amboy, in Middlesex County, at the mouth of the
Raritan River, and there, on October 22, 1868, William Rogers
Cole was born.

The boy received a good practical education, partly in the
public schools of New Jersey and partly at the Cooper Institute
in New York city, giving him an excellent foundation for the
special business training which was to come later. He also
spent two and a half years in the law office of L. & A. Zabriskie
in Jersey City, and four years in the employ of a custom-
house broker, where he acquired much practical business
training.

From his earliest years he manifested more than ordinary ac-
tivity and energy in whatever work came to his hand. He was
ever willing to peii'onn any duty, and to do so with all possible
promptness and thoroughness. No duty seemed too great for
him to undertake, and none too trivial to receive his most care-
ful attention, nor were his duties few or light. The hard work
of life was begun by him at an early date, an<l among the other

70 WILLIAM ROGERS COLE

employments of his boyhood was the selling of newspapers on
the streets of Jersey City.

With such a record of instruction and experience, Mr. Cole, at
the age of twenty-one, in January, 1890, made his first genuine
mercantile engagement. This was as a shipping-clerk in the
warehouse of Richard Grant & Co. in Jersey City. In that ca-
pacity he displayed in a marked degree the traits of energy and
executive ability which he had already developed, and his ability,
diligent prosecution of all his duties, and his fidelity and de-
votion to his employers' interests soon marked him for promo-
tion. After five years' service in subordinate places, he was, in
1895, made a director of the coi-poration into which the firm had
been transformed, and in January, 1896, he was chosen secretary
of the board. He continued to be a director and to be actively
interested in the business of the corporation until its dissolution
in 1898, at which time the founder, Mr. Grant, retired from busi-
ness, after having been actively and successfully engaged in it for
more than forty years.

The Richard Grant Company was engaged in the cooperage
business, an ancient industry, but one which, with all the
changes of industrial methods, has never become obsolete. It
was, in fact, one of the foremost houses in that industry, and Mr.
Grant was himself one of the most conspicuous pioneers of the
cooperage trade. Mr. Cole found the business much to his
liking, and, during the nine years of his connection with Mr.
Grant's company, learned thoroughly all the details of it. Natu-
rally, therefore, upon the dissolution of the company, he decided
without hesitation to continue in the business on his own
account.

Accordingly, on January 1, 1899, he organized the firm of Wil-
liam R. Cole & Co. Its prime object was the manufacture and ex-
port of hard-wood cooperage stock. This stock consists chiefly,
though not exclusively, of white oak, and is sent by the firm to
nearly all parts of the world. A large domestic trade is likewise
controlled by Mr. Cole.

A year later a corporation was formed by Mr. Cole for another
department of the cooperage trade, and known as the National
Cooperage Company, for the manufacture and sale of slack
cooperage stock, comprising all the various kinds of woods used

WILLIAM ROGERS COLE 71

in the industry. Of tliis latter company Mr. Cole became and
remains the president. The two coneems, covering practically
all branches of the cooperage industry, under Mr. Cole's personal
management and direction, have greatly prospered and advanced
in scope imtil to-day they stand among the foremost cooperage
houses of the United States.

Although still a yoimg man, being well imder middle age, Mr.
Cole has attained a success that must be regarded as excejitional
and i)lienomeiial. He has done so, however, not by lucky chance
nor through fa\'(.)rable extraneous influences, but through ^^r-
tue of his inherent worth. He has, in brief, all through his
career maintained tridy those principles of integrity, energy,
enterprise, and devotion to duty which always deserve success
and usualh^ command it. In the two companies mentioned, of
which he is the imdisputed head, he has built up a splendid
business, and has placed himself in touch with men of affairs
and great capital, and thus has made himself a part of the great
industrial fabric of the times. His pleasing and magnetic per-
sonality has won him many warm friends and devoted co-
la])()rers.

]\I r. Cole has always been an earnest Republican in politics.
He has never sought nor accepted pubhc office, however, but has
contented himself with the faithful discharge of the duties of a
private citizen. Neither is he known as a " club-man," his mem-
bership in social organizations being limited to the Metropolitan
Museum of Art in New York. Since 1892 he has been a mem-
ber of the New York Produce Exchange, with whose operations
his ovm business is so closely affiliated. He has been a church-
member ever since his early boyhood, and has long been actively
Interested in the Young Men's Christian Association, and has
served as treasurer of the Jersey City branch. He was married,
on April 7, 1892, to Miss Helen Ames Howlett, daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Charles Howlett of Jersey City.

GEORGE DILLWYN COOK

IN the last generation the County of Harford, Maryland,
was the home of a group of families of which various
members were destined to figure conspicuously in the affairs of
State and nation. Among these were the families of Garrett,
Jewett, Booth, and Cook. A son of the Cook family, named
Elisha, lived on his father's farm, and had for his companions
and playmates John W. Garrett, who afterward became presi-
dent of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and one of the fore-
most railroad managers and financiers of the country ; Hugh J.
Jewett, who rose to similar prominence as president of the Erie
Railroad ; and the Booth boys, one of whom became the world's
greatest tragedian on the stage, and another the perpetrator of
one of its greatest tragedies in real life. Elisha Cook was later
employed in a dry-goods store in Baltimore, and then went West
to Jefferson County, Ohio.

That county is historically one of the most noteworthy in
that State. It was the birthplace of Edwin M. Stanton, of
General Custer, of William McKinley (within its original limits),
of the family of the " fighting McCooks," of Professor Wilham M.
Sloane, the historian, of E. F. Andrews, the artist, of Doyle, the
sculptor, of William D. Howells, the novelist, and of numer-
ous other men who have attained prominence before the pubUc
eye. In that county Ehsha Cook settled and pui'sued the career
of a general merchant. One of his partners in the wool trade
was John Brown, the famous hero of Kansas and Harpers
Ferry. Mr. Cook married Miss Mary Ann Ladd, daughter of
Benjamin W. Ladd, formerly of Charles City County, Virginia,
the Ladd family ranking among the best in the Old Dominion.
It may be added that Elisha Cook and his wife were both life-
long members of the Society of Friends.

A^<^

GEORGE DILLWYN COOK 73

George Dillwjni Cook was bom to this couple at Richmond,
Jefferson County, Ohio, on Februaiy 27, 1845, Up to the age
of twelve years, he was educated at home and at the local
public school. For the next two years he attended college at
Mount Pleasant, Ohio, and thereafter for a short time he was a
student at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. While pursu-
ing his studies, from his twelfth to his sixteenth year, he was
also gaining a practical knowledge of business, being employed
in vacations by his father as a wool-buyer for his store. The boy
had, by tlie way, a strong bent toward all mathematical studies,
and from his earliest years in school " kept accounts " with more
than ordinary care and accuracy. His training in his father's
store during his school life was of much value to him in prepar-
ing him for the business operations of after life.

At the age of eighteen years young Cook left home and went
to Pittsbm'g, where he took a thorough course at Duff's Com-
mercial College. A few years later he became a business man
on his own account, as a member of the firm of Cook Brothers
& Co., wholesale provision dealers. That, however, was not
altogether to his hking, and in 1869 he went West to Oska-
loosa, Iowa, and there established himself in the dry-goods busi-
ness. Two years of this undertaking, though profitable, were
enough to convince him that he had not yet found his true place,
so he sold out and started the financial house of O. M. Ladd &
Co., at Ottumwa, Iowa. Its business was chiefly the loaning
of money on mortgages for farm improvements, etc. The house
soon became highly successful, and so continues to this day
under its present ownership.

This was Mr. Cook's start in finance, and from it he proceeded
to enlarged activities and gi-eater achievements. He went to
Chicago in 1878, and a few years later became interested there
in the handling of investment securities. Since that time many
millions of dollars' worth of such securities have passed through
his hands, witliout a single default of principal or interest. Mr.
Cook has always been careful and conservative in reov/uimend-
ing securities to his patrons, and hence has attained a particu-
larly substantial form of success. One of his largest under-
takings was in assisting the government of Mexico to refund
that republic's loan of one hundred and ten million dollars.

74 GEORGE DILLWYN COOK

He first heard of its desire to do so in December, 1895. Forth-
with he went to the city of Mexico, and had personal conferences
with President Diaz and the Minister of Finance, Senor Liman-
tour. He convinced them that it would not be necessary to look
to Europe for funds, but that all the needed capital for the oper-
ation could be secured in the United States. Subsequent to that
time, his own company, in 1899, sold in the United States one
milhon five hundred thousand dollars' worth of bonds purchased
fi-om the state of Jalisco, Mexico, the fii'st foreign securities
of the kind sold in this coimtry. By the last-named operation,
and the consummation of the government loan before men-
tioned, Mr. Cook made for himself a lasting friendship with
President Diaz and other high Mexican oificials, to be added to
like relations aheady existing with the leading financiers, rail-
road managers, and business men of the United States.

Mr. Cook is now president of the George D. Cook Company,
bankers of Chicago and New York ; president of the Cook-
Timier Company of New York, dealers in high-class industrial,
mining, and railroad secmities ; president of the Mexican
Mineral Railroad Company, with headquarters in New York;
and a director of the Mexican Lead Company, with offices in
New York.

Amid these multifarious and weighty business interests, in
conducting which he has handled hundreds of millions of dol-
lars, and has accumulated a handsome fortune for himself, Mr.
Cook has had no time for political activities apart from the
ordinary duties of citizenship. Neither has he been much of a
" club-man " in the common sense of that term. He is a mem-
ber, however, of the Union League Club of Chicago and the
New York Club of New York, as well as of Montjoie Commandery,
Knights Templar of Chicago.

Ml'. Cook was man-ied, on June 10, 1873, to Miss Dora A.
Shaw of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. She died on Jiily 14, 1882,
leaving him one child, Laura Wever, who is now the wife of
Arthiu' Blackmore Turner of New York. On January 1, 1890,
Mr. Cook married Miss Stella Virginia Stm*ges, who has borne
him two children : Sturges Dillwyn Cook, born April 2, 1891,
and Ehzabeth Allen Cook, born September 9, 1893.

ri/^Y/c^^^^e^

RICHARD M. CORNELL

I^HE Cornell family in America traces its descent from
- Thomas Cornell, who came hither fi'om England in 1633. In
the last generation John H. Cornell was cashier of the Mechan-
ics' Banking Association at No. 38 Wall Street, New York. He
was the father of the subject of this sketch. On the maternal
side Richard M. Cornell is descended from the Buxton family
of Derbyshire, England, and also from William Hamilton, an
English sea-captain who on retiring from his seafaring life
settled in New York, at No. 3 Bowling Green. Before the War
of 1812 Captain Hamilton, fearing the city would be bombarded
and destroyed by the British, sold his house and invested the
proceeds in British consols, and finally lost it all through the
failure^ of a firm of New York merchants with whom he had de-
posited it without security. Some of the Cornells were Tories
during the Revolutionary War. They lived in New York and
were members of Trinity parish.

Richard M. Cornell was born in New York on June 1, 1834,
and was educated at the Peekskill Military Academy. At the
age of thirteen he went to sea, before the mast, on the ship
Lebanon of Boston, and made the voyage to Manila and back.
The next year he spent at Trinity School in New York. Then he
went to sea on the ship WaJpole, sailing around Cape Horn to the
Columbia Rivei', Oregon. At this time there was only one house
at Astoria and two at Portland, Oregon, and he could have
bought the entire site of the present city for $5000, the value
of a venture of goods his father had intrusted to his care, and of
which an agent ran off with about $3000. Thence he sailed in
the WaJpolf to Honolulu, Singapore, Calcutta, and so on around
the world by the way of the Cape of Good Hope.

75

76 EICHAED M. COKNELL

At sixteen years of age he shipped as third mate on the clipper-
ship Sea Serpent, owned by the firm of Grrinnell, Mintrnm & Co.,
and made another voyage around the world, by way of San
Francisco and China. His next voyage was over the same
route, in capacity of second mate. On tliis third voyage around
the world lie had as passengers, coming home from China,
Bayard Taylor, Lieutenant Contee, U. S. N., who was Commo-
dore Perry's flag-lieutenant in the famous Japan expedition, and
Francis Parkman, the historian. The voyage is described in
detail in Taylor's " India, China, and Japan."

While Mr. Cornell was on this voyage his father died, at the
age of fifty-six years, leaving a fortune of about $250,000. On
reaching home, therefore, he retired from the sea, and estab-
lished liimself in the shipping and commission business at No.
100 Wall Street, New York, and continued therein until the out-
break of the Civil War in 1861. In 1862 he was appointed an
acting ensign in the United States navy, and served on the
United States steamer UnadiUa of the South Atlantic Blockad-
ing Squadron. He was present at the first bombardment of
Fort Sumter by Admiral Dupont. He was recommended for
promotion in connection with the capture of the blockade-rimner
Princess Royal, and was made acting master and executive
ofiScer of the UnadiUa, which ship was then ordered home for
repairs. On reaching home he was detached from the Unadilla
and received leave of absence on waiting orders. During this
interval he married Miss Margaret D. McLaughlin, daughter of
Captain McLaughlin, U. S. N. Then he was ordered to duty as
executive officer of the United States steamship Isonomia of the
North Atlantic Squadron, afterward of the Gulf Squadron under
the command of Captain Simpson, U. S. N.

Mr. Cornell resigned his commission in the navy in 1865, and
in the following year became a clerk in the New York banking
liouse of Brown Brothers & Co. On January 1, 1867, he started
business on his own account, as a stock and bond broker, at No.
49 Wall Street, and has continued in that business ever since,
his present office being at No. 29 Wall Street. His home is at
Perth Amboy, New Jersey.

.

1

JOHN SERGEANT CRAM

THE fainih^ of Cram is of English origin. It was trans-
planted to this country in colonial days, and was settled
in 164:0 and for some generations thereafter at Exeter, New
Hampshire.

In that historic town, in the latter part of the eighteenth
century, Jacob Cram was born. In the Exeter Academy he
was a classmate of Daniel Webster and Lewis Cass. Instead of
tmning his attention to the law and public service, however, he
studied for the ministry, and then, changing his mind, entered
mercantile life. He served for a time in one of the leading stores
in Boston, then made a tour of Europe, and then went into
business in Boston on his own account. His success there led
Mm to try his fortune in New York, which he saw was the busi-
ness capital of the United States.

He came to New York in 1816, and for half a century there-
after was a conspicuous and honored citizen of the metropohs
and a leader in the business world. Besides being a sound and
enterjjrising merchant, he was a discriminating investor in real
estate. He was also the owner of some real estate in Chicago.

Jacob Cram died in 1869, leaving, among other children, a son
named Henry A. Cram, a distinguished lawyer of New York.
To the latter and his wife, Catherine Sergeant, was born the sub-
ject of this sketch.

John Sergeant Cram was born in New York, in the year 1852.
He was sent back to the State which had been his ancestors' home
foi- education, and pursued a thorough coin-se at St. Paul's School,
Concord, New Hampshire. Thence he went to Harvard College,
and completed its regular course. He also followed his father's
footsteps, taking a course in law and gaining admittance to the

77

78 JOHN SEKGEANT CRAM

bar. Having thus qualified, Mr. Cram entered upon the practice
of the law. He also became interested in politics, as a Democrat
and member of Tammany Hall. He became a close friend of
Richard Croker, and rose to influential rank in the councils of
the party.

In 1889 he was made a conunissioner of docks for the city of
New York, and served through that administration. The next
administration was a Republican one, which caused his removal.
In the fall of 1897, however, the consolidation of all the metro-
pohtan district into " Glreater New York " was effected, and a
Democratic administration was elected for the city. Upon the
installation of that administration, in January, 1898, Mr. Cram
was returned to the Department of Docks, being appointed
president of the board.

Mr. Cram is a member of the Knickerbocker and Democratic
clubs of New York.

\^

r

"T^^Za^.-^^^

ALEXANDER BAXTER CRANE

ALEXANDER BAXTER CRANE was born at Berkley,
■jLjl. Bristol CouBty, Massachusetts, on April 23, 1833. He
was the son of Abiel Briggs Crane, a merchant, and Emma
Tisdale Porter Crane, and came of Puritan and Pilgi'im stock.
Other families from which Mr. Crane is descended were the
Porters, Tisdales, Briggses, Pauls, Axtells, and Hathaways. He
was educated in the common schools of Berkley, under a i)ri-
vate instioictor, and finally at Amherst College, where he was
graduated in 1854. Then he went to Ten-e Haute, Indiana, and
studied law, meantime teaching and preparing j^oung men for
college. He was a student in the law office of Colonel Richard
W. Thompson, who in after years was Secretary of the Navy.

Mr. Crane was admitted to the bar in 1856, at Ten-e Haute.
In 1862 he raised a company for the army at his own expense,
and was mustered in as its captain. He was commissioned as
colonel in 1864, but the regiment was depleted to below the
required strength, and he was not mustered in as colonel. He
served as provost-marshal at Nicholsonville, Kentucky, and pro-
hibited a judicial sale of slaves. Again, as judge-advocate at
Dan\'ille, Kentucky, he accepted the testimony of negi'oes in
court. These two acts created a great sensation, and their
legality was challenged, but in the end they were fully approved
and sustained. Colonel Ci-ane's field service with Coburn's
Brigade was brilliant and effective. In an engagement with
Van Dorn's and FoiTest's troops, he and many of his comrades
wei'c captured. They were sent to Richmond, Virginia, and
confined in Libby Prison. After two weeks the private soldiers
were released thi'ough exchange, but the officers, including Colo-
nel Crane, were kept in prison nine weeks. After release

79

80 ALEXANDER BAXTER CRANE

Colonel Crane rejoined his regiment in Tennessee, and was pres-
ently appointed by General Thomas to examine officers for ap-
pointment to the command of colored troops. He served in
that capacity for some months, and among those whom he
examined was Major Shatter, who had been a fellow-prisoner in
Libby Prison, and who is now a major-general in the United
States army.

He was called home to Indiana, to suppress treasonable or-
ganizations and hold that State loyal. He made a torn- of pai"t
of the State m 1864, at the request of Governor Morton, and
was a candidate on the Republican ticket for State Senator for
the especial object of organizing the party in Sullivan County,
Indiana, where the opposition to the war was gi-eat, and the
" Sons of Liberty " were in camp to resist the draft.

In the closing months of the war Colonel Crane was with
Sherman's army. When he and his regiment were mustered out,
a gold watch, engi-aved with the battles in which the regiment
had participated, was publicly presented to him at Terre Haute,
by Colonel Thompson, every officer and man in the regiment
contributing to the gift. After that he came to New York city,
and resumed the practice of law. He is a director of the
People's Bank of Mount Vernon, New York, and of the City
Bank of New Rochelle, New York. He has been retained in
many important htigations, and has been counsel for several large
corporations. He was counsel for John I. Blair in his great rail-
road enterprises, and for Oakes Ames, Moses Taylor, William E.
Dodge, and others in similar works.

Mr. Crane is a member of the Union League Club, the Loyal
Legion, Ai-my and Navy Club, Sons of the Revolution, Grand
Army of the Republic, Delta Kappa Epsilon Club, and the State
and the city bar associations. He is also a manager of the
Westchester Temporary Home for Destitute Children. He was
married in New York, on July 12, 1865, to Miss Laui'a Corneha
Mitchell, daughter of John W. Mitchell of New York city. Their
children, all of whom are living, are Elizabeth G., Caroline E.,
Helen C, Aurelia B., Alexander M., and Laura V. Crane. Their
home is a beautiful country seat at Scarsdale, New York.

(-^^^'^-i^^^^-^^^-l^^

JOHN JAY CRAWFORD

JOHN JAY CRAWFORD was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on
September 12, 1859, and is the son of Samuel T. Crawford,
a well-known lawyer of that city. His mother's maiden name
was Love. He was educated at the Chickering Institute in Cin-
cinnati, wliich, until it was closed a few years ago, was one of
the best and most widely celebrated seats of learning west of the
AUeghanies. Mr. Crawford's first incUnations were toward
newspaper work, and coming to New York, he served for some
months as a reporter for the " Tribune." He then became pri-
vate secretary to ex-Grovernor Thomas L. Young of Ohio, who
was then a Representative in Congress from that State, and the
law partner of Mr. Crawford's father. While in Washington he
stuched law in the Law School of the Columbian University, and
was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia.

In 1886 he was appointed a Chief of Division in the office of
the Controller of the Cun-ency, in the Treasury Department, at
Washington, and had charge of a part of the legal business of
the Controller's office. In 1889 he returned to New York, and
was admitted to the New York bar, and has been engaged in the
active practice of his profession ever since. In 1895 he was em-
ployed by the Commissioners on Uniformity of Laws to prepare

1 a codification of the law of commercial paper. In 1896 his draft

} of the Negotiable Investment Law was submitted to the confer-
ence of commissioners at Saratoga, and approved by that body.
The next year the law was enacted by the Legislatures of New
York, Connecticut, Florida, and Colorado, and since then has

' been adopted in Massachusetts, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro-
Una, Tennessee, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Oregon, Washington,
Utah, and the District of Columbia. This statute has been ap-

I

82 JOHN JAY CRAWFOKD

proved by the American Bar Association and by the American
Bankers' Association, both of which have urged its adoption by
all the States of the Union. It has been pronounced by many
competent judges, both in this country and in England, to be a
work of the highest skill, and a model of simpHcity and clear-
ness. Mr. Arthm- Cohen, Q. C, who was one of the committee
that fi-amed the British Bills of Exchange Act, in a letter to the
president of the conference of commissioners, said : "In my
opinion, the language of this bill is singularly felicitous ; it is
more clear, concise, less stiff and artificial, than that of oiu- Bills
of Exchange Act, and in this respect this draft is an improve-
ment on om' act." And what is no less remarkable than the
clearness of statement, is the admirable judgment which was
able to produce an act acceptable in all parts of the country,
with the divergence of views and traditional practice prevaihng
in the various States. But while Mr. Crawford's name is thus
closely associated with the commercial law of the coxmtry, it is
as a htigating lawyer that he is best known in New York. He
is constantly engaged in the trial of cases, or in the argument
of appeals, and in this branch of the practice he ^as met with
singular success. He has been connected with some of the most
important cases decided within the last few years.

Mr. Crawford was married, in 1882, to Miss Fanny Lyles,
daughter of the late Dr. Wilham D. Lyles of Mississippi, who
was one of the most prominent men of that State. They have
one son, Lamar Crawford, who is at this writing still at school,
at the Hamilton Institute, New York.

J

^,

ti^ C-^Z^Z^ ^ ^ ?--^2^0-^7-2^

JOHN VINTON DAHLGKEN

THE namo of Dahlorreu, prominent and lionovod in Amorican
histoiy, is of Swedish origin. In earlier generations it was
borne by well-known men in Sweden. Johan Adolf Dalilgren
and Benibard Ulric Dahlgren were among the eminent alunnii
of the University of Upsala, and performed impoi'tant public
services. A son of the latter was that John A. Dahlgren who
was among our admu-als in the Civil War, and whose inventions
revolutionized the ordnance system of the navy. The second
wife of Admu'al Dahlgren was Madeleine Vinton, daughter of the
distinguished Ohio statesman and member of Congress, Samuel
Finley Vinton. She has become favorably known to the world
as an author of various historical memoirs and works of fiction.
Among the sons of Admu'al Dahlgren by his first wife were
Colonel Ulric Dahlgren, U. S. A., who after gallant sei'vice was
killed in the Civil War; Captain Charles Dahlgren, U. S. N.,
who also did fine service in the war ; and Lieutenant Paul Dahl-
gren, U. S. A., who on retiring from the army entered the con-
sular service.

John Vinton Dahlgren, a son of the admiral by his second
marriage, was born at Valparaiso, Chile, on April 22, 1868. He
received his early education in a Jesuit school, and was gradu-
ated from the University of Georgetown, D. C, as valedictorian
of the class of 1889. In the fall of that year he entered the law
school of the same university and was gi'aduated in the spring
of 1891, receiving the degree of LL. B. A few weeks later he
received that of A. M., and in 1892 that of LL. M. Then he
came to New York city and began the practice of law, fii-st as a
clerk in the office of Lord, Day & Lord, and then, in November,
1894, on his own account. One of his first clients was Mr.

83

84 JOHN VINTON DAHLGREN

Stevenson Constable, who in 1895 was appointed superintendent
of the Department of Buildings in this city. On March 27,
1895, Mr. Dahlgren was appointed first assistant attorney of that
department, the attorney being the Hon. Thomas Ewing, for-
merly of Ohio, and eminent as a soldier, lawyer, and statesman.
For nine months Mr. Dahlgren did faithful work in that place,
among other things compiling the valuable handbook known as
the " Dahlgren Building Law Manual." On December 31, 1895,
Mr. Ewing resigned his place and Mr. Dahlgren was promoted
to fill it, which he did with marked success, resigning the place
at the end of the year on account of impaired health.

After that time Mr. Dahlgren practised law and attended to
other business duties. In March, 1898, he was appointed and
confirmed as commissioner of the State Board of Charities. He
was also president of the New York and Pennsylvania Brick,
Tile and Terra-Cotta Company. He was for years active in
politics in this city, as a Repubhcan. He belonged to the
Roman Catholic Church and was devoted to its interests. His
home in this city was both a social and intellectual center. He
was a member of the Union League Club, the University Clul),
the Catholic Club, the Bar Association, the Republican Club,
and the New York Athletic and other clubs. He was a trustee
of the Catholic Smnmer School of America, and a vice-president
of the Alumni Association of Georgetown University. He was
also a life member of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical
Society, and a member of the New York Genealogical and Bio-
gi-aphical Society.

Mr. Dahlgren traveled abroad extensively, and in 1890 bad a
private interview with Pope Leo XIII. On June 29, 1889, he
was married by Archbishop Coi*rigan to Miss Elizabeth Drexel,
third daughter of Joseph Drexel, the distingiiished banker and
philanthropist. They had two children, Joseph Drexel Dahl-
gren, born March 30, 1890, and died July 26, 1891, and John
Vinton Dahlgren, Jr., born June 30, 1892. Mr. Dahlgi-en died
at Colorado Springs, Colorado, on August 11, 1899.

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JAMES P. DAVENPORT

JAMES P. DA\T:NP0RT is of New Eugland cancestry on his
father's side, aud New York ancestry for many generations
on his mother's side. Bora in Brooklyn on July 27, 1856, he
was carefully educated in local schools and at Wilhston Semi-
nary, Easthampton, Massachusetts, and then went to Yale Uni-
versity, where he was graduated in the class of 1877. A few
years later he was admitted to the practice of the law at the bar
of New York, and has, since that time, devoted himself to that
profession. For a number of years he was also a member of the
local staff of the New York " Tribune," paying especial atten-
tion to legal matters, and he has been for years, and still is, the
American con-espondent of the London " Law Times."

Mr. Davenport was for several years attached to the Court of
General Sessions in this city, and there acquired a knowledge
and an experience which have since been of great service to him.
After wai'd his attention was called to the condition of the civil
district com'ts in the northern part of the city. These were the
"people's courts," in which were tried a vast number of petty cases
in which lawyers were not employed, as well as many of greater
importance. He found that in that part of the city, containing
nearly a fourth of the population of Manhattan Island, there
was only one such court. The result was that the court was
always overcrowded with work, litigants were put to great and
unnecessary trouble and expense in time, and the proper admin-
istration of justice was seriously hampered. He thereupon pre-
pared a bill for the creation of another judicial district, with
another court, and spent much time at Albany working for its
passage, as well as performing similar work in the district him-
self. The bill was, through his efforts, enacted into law.

so

86 JAMES P. DAVENPORT

An unusually strong movement was thereupon started for the
appointment of Mr. Davenport as justice of the new court. All
the judges of the federal courts, and of the Appellate Di\dsion of
the State Supreme Court in this city, several other justices of
the Supreme Com't, and ex-justices, and a host of members of the
bar, united in certifying to Mr. Davenport's fitness for the place.
State Senators and Assemblymen, and numerous other men of
influence, also addi'essed the Governor in his behalf. The result
was that Governor Morton, on May 27, 1896, appointed him to
the place. The appointment was well received by the bar of this
city. His work on the bench was no disappointment to his
friends. There was no criticism of his conduct save the most
favorable. Lawyers and clients were unanimous in praising
him. And whenever an appeal was made fi'om his decisions to
the Supreme Court, his decision was almost invariably confirmed
and approved.

Justice Davenport was not a candidate for reelection to the
bench in 1897, when the reorganization of courts and districts
took place under the New York City Consolidation Act.

Ex-Justice Davenport has been appointed as referee in many
important cases, his opinions in some of which have been widely
published. He is counsel for several corporations and many
business firms, and has devoted miich attention to probate and
real-estate law. He was one of the early members of the Harlem
Board of Commerce, and is active politically and socially in the
affairs of the Harlem and Washington Heights district, in which
he resides. His latest service, which has attracted wide attention,
is as coimsel for the property-owners of St. Nicholas Avenue,
for whom he has conducted a vigorous warfare against corpora-
tions which have sought to obtain a fi'anchise to occupy, for
surface-railway purposes, that avenue, one of the finest driving-
roads and most beautiful residence avenues in the city.

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GEORGE WARREN DAVIS

WALL STREET draws from all sources. You may find there
representatives of all parts of the country, and of all the
strains of blood which have gone to make up this cosmopolitan
and conglomerate people. There are the restless, pushing men of
the West, who have come back fi"om that land of great opportuni-
ties to find still greater opportunities in the metropolis, and there
are the conservative, steady-going but not less successful sons of
the East, who have grown up in New York or New England, and
have retained a full measure of the old-time spirit of this region,
while adding to it the quickened spirit and effective enterprise of
the time.

Among such latter, a conspicuous and typical place has been
won by George Warren Davis, who for many years has been a
familiar and commanding figure " on 'Change." Mr. Davis is, as
his name might indicate, of New England origin. His father
was Joseph French Davis of Cambridge, Massachusetts, the de-
scendant of a line of ancestors who had done much for the
development of the colony of Massachusetts Bay into one of the
foremost States of this Union. Joseph French Davis was en-
gaged in the trade of a dealer in provisions, and was a t^-picp.!
New-Englander in his intelligence, enterprise, energy, business
acumen, thrift, and success. He was for many years one of the
representative men of the community in which he lived, respected
by all who knew him.

Joseph French Davis married Miss Rebecca Godfrey Atwood
of Boston, the daughter of a family long identified with the best
social and business interests of that city, and to them the sub-
ject of the present sketch was bom.

George Warren Davis was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts,

S7

88 GEORGE WAEEEN DAVIS

on June 5, 1848. His early years were, of course, spent in his
father's home, under the beneficent influence of his parents'
moral and intellectual training. His parents took pains to have
him thoroughly educated. Accordingly, they sent him first to
the unsurpassed local schools of Cambridge, where the founda-
tions of a broad and Mberal culture were laid. Then he was sent
to the famous Chaiincey Hall School of Boston, one of the fore-
most institutions of its class in the United States.

His training was well designed on both the theoretical and
practical sides. He was well versed in the classics and other
branches of a pm*ely academic education, and equally well in the
practical studies which should be of direct service to him in the
pursuit of a business career. With this accomplished, he de-
cided to forego the completion of a full collegiate course, and to
turn his attention, at an early age, to following his father's foot-
steps in a mercantile life.

His first occupation was as an employee in a dry -goods estab-
lishment. That work was not altogether to his liking, but it
served the valuable purpose of acquainting him practically with
business methods, and of confirming him in the knowledge he had
theoretically gained at school. He there developed the business
methods and traits of character which have won him conspicu-
ous success in the field which he afterward chose as his real
life scene.

A few years in the dry-goods trade in New England gave Mr,
Davis snfl&cient confidence in his business ability to move him
to seek a more extended field and a more enterprising occupa-
tion. He looked to New York as the proper scene of his efforts,
and to the keen contention of its financial center as the work in
which he should find best scope for his energies.

He was still a young man — indeed, at an age at which many
are only just entering business — when he removed to New York
and began to seek, or to make, his fortune in the vast tumult and
incessant strife of Wall Street. There he found himself not dis-
appointed nor dismayed. The work was to his hking, and its
successful accomplishment was within the compass of his
powers. There was no thought of withdi-awiug from the ven-
ture. Every day's dealings confirmed him the more in his choice.
At the age of thirty years, in 1878, he became a member of the

GEORGE WARREN DAVIS 89

New York Stock Exchange, and tliu.s qualified himself for
participation in all the operations of the Street.

From that time to the present Mr. Davis has been continu-
ously engaged in financial transactions in New York. He has
long enjoyed prominent rank among his business associates, and
has been recognized as a high authority in his special lines of
activity. He is reputed to have an exceptionally thorough
knowledge of the Stock Exchange and of the ins and outs of its
business. There are few who rival him in quickness and sure-
ness of judgment, and in the cognate qualities which unite to
compose the successful director and operator. His other per-
sonal quahties have, at the same time, secnred for him a host of
friends, including even those who are at times his keenest
business rivals and competitors.

Ml". Davis's office is at 35 Wall and 15 Broad streets, in the
very heart of the financial and speculative quarter of the city.
He there conducts a large brokerage business, dealing in all the
standard Unes of securities known to the Stock Exchange. His
office conveys the idea of being very quiet, but is far-reaching.

The engi'ossing duties of such a business career have left Mr.
Davis little time or taste for seeking other fields of activity. He
has neither held nor sought public office, but has contented himself
with discharging the duties and enjoying the privileges of a pri-
vate citizen. He has sought the relaxation necessaiy from busi-
ness cares chiefly in out-of-door sports, such as shooting and
fishing and driving. He is a member of the well-known Engle-
wood Club of Englewood, New Jersey, and of the Accomac Club of
Virginia, and is at the present time president of the Thomasville
Shooting Club of Thomasville, North Carolina.

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HERBERT JEROME DAVIS

CONCERNINGr innumerable men of progress and leadership
in all professions and trades, and in all parts of the United
States, the stereotyped record is to be made tliat then' ancestors
came from England and settled in New England. Often, too,
the subject of present notice, in whatever part of the country
he may be, was himself born in New England and went thence,
as a pioneer or as a seeker of fortune and leadership, to the
place with which he has since been identified.

Such is, in brief, the record of Herbert Jerome Da\ds. His
ancestors dwelt at Horsmonden, near the historic city of Can-
terbury, in the famous shire of Kent, England. Thence, genera-
tions ago, members of the family came to the New England
which had been founded in North America, and settled at
Worcester, Massachusetts. In the last generation James Davis
was a merchant at Hancock, Hillsboro County, New Hampshire.
He married Rebecca Symonds, and to them the subject of this
sketch was born.

Mr. Davis was born at Hancock, New Hampshire, on June
14, 1844, and was educated at the academy in his native town
and also at schools at Gloucester, Massachusetts. He was,
however, only a little more than sixteen years of age when, in
August, 1860, he left New England for the other extreme edge
of the Anaerican continent and of the United States. His new
home was in San Francisco, where he engaged in the dry-goods
and carpet business. Those were growing and prosperous times
in the Pacific coast metropolis, and the shrewd young New-
Englandor fully improved liis opportunities.

Despite the success with which his dxy-goods business met in
California, however, Mr. Davis was in time drawn into the

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(Xyi/'f'^

HERBERT JEROME DAVIS 91

eutei'prises so generally characteristic of the far West, to wit,
luiuiug, aud in April, 1873, he returned to the East and settled
in New York, in order the better to attend to the financial
features of the undertakings in which he was engaged.

At the present time Mr. Davis is identified with a number of
iiithistrial enterprises luning their business headquarters- in the
Eastern States. Among these are the Davis Company of Davis,
Massachusetts; the Davis Sulphiir Ore Company of Davis,
Massachusetts; the Davis PjTites Company; and the American
Copper Extraction Company of New Jersey — of each of wliich
companies he is the president and a director. He is likewise a
director of the Sulphiu* Mining Company of New Jersey, and of
the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Company.

Mr. Da\ns has held and has sought no political office. He is
president of the Colonial Club, a member of the Down-Town
Association, and a governor of the Lotus, Manhattan, Lawyers',
Chemists', and Riding clubs and New England Society of New
York, and of the Union Club of Cleveland.

He was married, on June 27, 1879, to ]\Iiss Sarah Stranahan,
and has one child, a son, Virginio Patten Davis.

JOHN H. DEANE

JOHN H. DEANE is of English ancestry, Canadian birth,
and United States citizenship. His father was James
Deane, a friend of Sir John Macdonald and a conspicuous citi-
zen of the Dominion, a native of England, and the son of a
veteran of Waterloo. The wife of James Deane was of United
States birth, the descendant of one of Lafayette's aides in the
Revolutionary War.

Of such parentage John H. Deane was born at Kingston, On-
tario, Canada, on November 2, 1842. When he was nine years
old his father died, and his mother, with him and five other chil-
dren, came over to Rochester, New York, to live. Three years
later she died, and the boy, at the age of twelve years, was thrown
upon his own efforts for support. He set out for New York
city, walking along the railroad tracks most of the way. In the
gi'eat city he maintained himself for a time by selling news-
papers. In that occupation he had his feet frozen, and was
taken to the Children's Hospital on Randall's Island, where he
spent the winter of 1856-57. On leaving the hospital he walked
back to Rochester, and entered the employ of Nathaniel Hall, a
fruit-grower, at four dollars a month.

Despite these hardships, he determined to get a good educa-
tion, and accordingly went to the Brockport Collegiate Institute,
where he pursued the regular course, at the same time paying
his way by sawing a cord of wood daily for fom* years. In 1862
he entered the University of Rochester, but left it to join the
Union army. He was in the battles of Fredericksbm'g, Chan-
cellorsvllle, and Gettysburg. In the last-named he was wounded
in the leg. Later he was on a mortar-boat in the siege of
Charleston, participating in many fights, and leading in the boat

JOHN H. DEANE 93

attack upon Fort Sumter. His valor won him eight promotions,
and at the end of the war he was honorahly mustered out.

In the fall of 18G5 he determined to become a lawyer, and, with
that end in view, entered the office of A, V. W. Van Vechten of
New York as a student and emplo3'ee. Among his fellow-stu-
dents were Elihu Root, Francis Forbes, and Chark's H. Tweed.
He had a hard struggle, living on a dollar a day. But he perse-
vered, and in May, 1867, was admitted to the bar. He at once
began the practice of his profession, and soon secured many
clients. His practice since has been of the most successful
character. He also invested extensively in land in the upper
part of Manhattan Island, and built some sixteen hundred houses
there, in which operations he amassed a large fortune.

He has used his wealth with rare generosity. Between 1879
and 1883 he gave about $750,000 for educational and philanthropic
work, including the endowment of a chair and three scholarships
in the University of Rochester. The scholarships he named in
honor of Da\'id Burbank, who had let him pay for his education
by sawing wood at his institute at Brockport. He also purchased
the Buckland Library and gave it to the university. With Cyrus
W. Field, he helped to organize and start the Garfield Fund in
1881. He is or has been president of the Baptist Social Union
of New York, president of the American Baptist Publication
Society, trustee of the Y. M. C. A., vice-president of the Baptist
Foreign Missionary Society, trustee of Cook Academy, of Vassar
College, and of the University of Rochester, treasurer of the
Baptist theological schools in Berlin and Paris, president of the
Society for Ministerial Education, a promoter of and first con-
tributor to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children,
a founder of the Home for Intemperate Men, and a patron of
the movement for the revision of the Bible. He is a member of
the Union League Club of New York.

Mr. Deane was man-ied, on Novemljer 16, 1871, to Miss Bertha
Adele Fanning, a member of an old New York family. They
have five children : Bertha, Edith, John, Sumner, and Alphonse.
Mr. Deane has now retired from the practice of the law, and is
interested chiefly in real-estate operations.

CHARLES CRIST DELMONICO

THE name of Delmonico, which for two generations has been
world-famed in connection with the highest class of catering
and restaiu'ant-keeping, was first identified with that business in
New York in the year 1833. At that time two brothers, Peter
and John Delmonico, who had for some years been con-
ducting a small candy-store in the lower part of the city,
opened an eating-house at No. 23 WilUam Street. This was
destroyed in the great fire of 1835, whereupon they opened
another, at No. 78 Broad Street, which prospered so well that
the brothers pi'esently took into partnership with them then-
nephew Lorenzo Delmonico. This second restaurant was
burned in 1845, and then a third was opened, at Broadway and
Morris Street, which ten years later was moved to Broadway
and Chambers Street, where it remained for half a century.
Another was opened at No. 20 Broad Street, which in time was
removed to Beaver and William streets. Yet another was
opened at Fifth Avenue and Fourteenth Street, which was
removed to Fifth Avenue, Broadway, and Twenty-sixth Street,
and finally to Fifth Avenue and Forty -fom-th Street.

The entrance of Lorenzo Delmonico marked a new era in the
business. He became the real head of the enterprise, and down
to his death, in 1881, was deservedly the most famous restaurant-
keeper in America. He associated with him his brother Siro,
who died in 1881, and his nephew Charles C. Delmonico, who
died in 1884. At the latter date the only hek of the family and
to the bvisiness was Lorenzo Delmonico's sister, Rosa, who
had married Charles Crist, and who had three children. Both
as a matter of sentiment and as a matter of business, it was de-
cided that the name of Delmonico nnist not be allowed to lapse.

94

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CHARLES CRIST DELMONICO 05

Therefore an act of Legislature was secured by virtue of which
Rosa Dehnonico and her children assumed her maiden surname,
and her eldest son, Charles Crist, became legally known as
Charles Crist Delmonico.

Charles Crist, thus renamed Delmonico, was at this time —
1884 — a young man, well under thirty years of age. With the
instinctive genius of his mother's family, he at once assumed
full management of the great business whicli his predecessors
had built up, and materially enlarged and improved it. It was
under his management that the famous old house at the north-
west corner of Madison Square was abandoned in favor of the
present superb edifice at Fifth Avenue and Forty-fourth Street,
a change which has been alnmdantly justified by its results.

Mr. Delmonico remained a bachelor until October 5, 1900,
when he was married to Miss Jennie Ross Edwards, daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. John J. Edwards of Brooklj-n, New York. He
was a man of culture and fashion, as befitted one of the chief
caterers of the fashionable world, and was a member of many of
the best clubs of New York. It was his custom often to dine at
other restaurants than his own, and in that way he became a
familiar figure about town. In the last year or two of his life
his health ]ierceptibly failed, and he sought restoration in a pro-
longed visit to Colorado Springs, Colorado. The change of cli-
mate was ineffectual, however, if indeed it was not positively
mischievous. His lung trouble was not checked, while the
rarefied air seemed to aggravate a heart trouble, from which
latter he died somewhat suddenly on September 20, 1901.

The great business with which Mr. Delmonico was identified
sui-vived him and now goes on unchanged, under the same his-
toric name.

LOUIS PALMA DI CESNOLA

10UIS PALMA DI CESNOLA, the well-known dii-ector of
J the MetropoUtan Museum of Art in New York city, is of
noble Italian origin, being descended from the family of Palma,
eminent in Piedmont since the eleventh century, and having
been Count of Cesnola until he renounced the title and became
an American citizen in 1865. He is a son of the late Count Mauri-
zio Palma, a cavalry officer under Napoleon Bonaparte, and his
wife, the Countess Eugenia Ricca di Castelvecchio. Bom at
Rivarolo Canavese, in northern Italy, on June 29, 1832, he was
educated at first by private tutors in his native city, and later,
from 1843 to 1848, in the seminary at Ivrea, where he com-
pleted his course of study.

He entered the Sardinian army as a volunteer in the war with
Austria of 1848-49, and on the battle-field of Novara, on March
23, 1849, he was promoted for valor to be a second lieutenant in
the Queen's Regiment. After this war he was sent to the Royal
Military Academy of Cherasco, where he completed his miUtary
studies and was graduated.

The young soldier voluntarily severed his connection with the
Sardinian army, and at the end of 1860 he came to the United
States. During that winter he taught Itahan and French, and
then, when the Civil War broke out, established a military school
where infantiy, cavalry, and artillery tactics were taught to more
than seven hundred officers of volunteers. In October, 1861, he
was commissioned as major of the Eleventh New York Cavalry,
and two months later became lieutenant-colonel. In September,
1862, he was promoted colonel of the Fourth New York Cavahy.
At the battle of Aldie, on June 17, 1863, he was badly wounded,
captured, and confined for nine months in Libby Prison. At

96

LOUIS PALMA DI CESNOLA 97

the end of the war he was brevetted brigadier-general of the
volunteers, and thirty-four years later received fi-om Congi-ess
the medal of honor for heroism on the, battle-field of Virginia.

General di Cesnola has never taken part in political matters,
and has held only one public office, that of Consul in Cyprus,
to which he was appointed by President Lincoln in 1865, and
which he held for twelve years. It was while he was thus in
Cyprus that he made those archaeological discoveries which Sir
Austen Layard, of Nineveh fame, and Sir Charles Newton of
the British Museum publicly declared had "added a new
chapter to the history of art and archaeology and revolutionized
all the extant theories about ancient art." On his return from
Cyprus in 1877 he was elected a patron of the Metropolitan Mu-
seum of Art ; in 1878 he was elected a trustee, and made secre-
tary of the board ; and in 1879 he was appointed director-general
of the Miaseum ; all three of which places he continues to fill
with acceptabihty. He is a member of many of the chief archae-
ological and scientific societies of this and other countries, and
honorary member of others, such as the Royal Society of Litera-
ture of Loudon, the Royal Asiatic Society of England and
Ireland, the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin, and of the
Institut d'Afrique of Paris. Princeton and Columbia universi-
ties have given him the degi-ee of LL. D. He is the author of
" Cyprus, its Cities, Tombs, and Temples," " Atlas of the Ces-
nola Collection of Cypriote Antiquities," and many pamphlets,
lectures, etc.

General di Cesnola man-ied Miss Mary Isabel Reid, daughter
of Captain Samuel Reid of the United States navy, known as
the " Hero of Fayal," and designer of the present United States
flag. He has two daughters : Eugenie and Louise di Cesnola.

EDWARD ALSON DRAKE

THE father of Edward Alson Drake was William F. Drake,
M. D., born in Massachusetts, who began his career as a
successful practising physician in Boston, Massachusetts, and
later in London, England, and in New York city. His ances-
tors, who were all English, came to Massachusetts, and were
notably identified with the pohtical and social interests of that
State, and of New England generally, and were connected by
marriage and in business with many of the leading New Eng-
land families. Dr. Drake practised medicine until 1863. Then,
in those flush and piping days of enterprise and speculation, he
turned his attention to finance. He joined the Wall Street firm
of Drake Brothers, bankers, brokers, and raih-oad constructors,
which was a power in the Street and in general finance until 1876.
He married, in 1843, Miss Emma R. Mott, a lady of English birth
and parentage.

Of such parentage Edward Alson Drake was born in Boston,
on September 15, 1845. He was educated in jjublic and private
schools in New York city, and showed himself an apt scholar.
A scholarship in the University of the City of New York was
presented to him for his proficiency in preparatory studies, but
he was too young to make use of it. Instead, he went in June,
1859, to Wall Street, and entered the office of relatives, where he
showed business ability as marked as his ability in school had
been. He had thereafter various business engagements, and
also, while contemplating the adoption of a professional career, a
term as assistant to the principal of a celebrated classical school,
down to 1867, when he was elected to membership in the New
York Stock Exchange, and entered upon the career which has
since been marked with more than common success.

98

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EDWARD ALSON DRAKE 90

On the retiremont of the old linn of Drake Brothers, in 1876,
he formed a new tirm of that same name, which continued until
1893. He was interested in large operations in gold and stocks,
and in raih'oad construction in various parts of the Middle and
Southei-n States, in all of which euterpnses he was geiun-ally
successful. In 1893 he became identified w4th the Panama
Railroad Company.

At the present time Mr. Drake is connected with numerous
raih-oad and other industrial enterprises, as director or of&cer.
He has been successively secretary, assistant general manager
and secretary, and second vice-president and secretary of the
Panama Raih'oad Company. Between 1880 and 1887 he was a
member of the board of governors of the Stock Exchange, and
chairman of some of the most important committees.

Mr. Drake has long taken an earnest and active interest in the
affairs of the Republican party, though he has never held nor
been a candidate for public office. Since 1876 he has been
prominently associated with every Republican business men's
demonstration in city. State, and national campaigns, and has
contributed largely to their success and to the prosperity of the
party.

He was a member of various social organizations, and one of
the governors of the New York Athletic Club, serving actively
on the committee in charge of the construction and opening of
the old club-house at Fifty-fifth Street and Sixth Avenue.

Mr. Drake was married in this city, on January 9, 1873, to Miss
Jeannette L. Bell, the elder daughter of Wilham J. Bell, banker
and member of the firm of Merriam & Bell. The union has been
crowmed with two sons, Alfred E. Drake and Fred Noyes Drake.

.01 V.

EGBERT DUNLAP

IT may be said of Robert Dunlap that he represents the best
type of the American business man. No merchant has been
more closely identified than he with the growth and development
of New York into a world-city. Honesty, sagacity, and a strong
personality have been the forces of his success.

Robert Dunlap was born in New York city on October 17,
1834, the son of Scotch- Irish parents. He received a public-
school education, and while yet a youth was apprenticed to a
hatter. Having served his time, he was taken into his em-
ployer's store as a salesman.

In 1857 he went into business for himself, at No. 557 Broad-
way. His entire money capital was less than two thousand
dollars, but he had coui-age, energy, and confidence in himself.
He was one of the first merchants in the city to conceive adver-
tising as a fine art. This fact, coupled with the more important
one of keeping his goods up to the highest standard of excel-
lence, soon made his store widely known. He also kept well
abreast of the city's up-town movement, and when the Fifth
Avenue Hotel was built, he was among the first to open a store
there. Since that time Mr. Dinilap has been a recognized leader
in his line of business. He has branch stores in Chicago and
Philadelphia, and agencies in every large town in the United
States. His manufactories in Brooklyn are among the largest in
the world devoted to the production of di'ess hats. More than
a thousand people are employed in them, and they are consid-
ered model factories.

Among other enterprises in which Mr. Dunlap has been inter-
ested is the Dunlap Cable News Company, which was organized
in 1891. It was intended to supply a demand for a more inde-

100

/-->, ^ T^.^

5^.:

ROBERT DIINLAP

ay be said of Robert Dixniap that lie represents the
-1 type 'V :ican business man. No merchant has

mo ' dthanhf- " '' -^'owth and develop

ot :. . .. world-city .,-,, sagacity, and a si '

P" ve been the forces oi Ins success.

.) was born in New York city on October
oi Sc' ^ ■ He received a pn' '

■■' '\ ■ '-h ^'"1-: apprenticed

•a into hi,-

No. 557 B
two thoii
"uee in hin
conceive a'
eoupjt more imp; '

on*' ui k' ui> to the higJiet»i >uiidard of <

' widely kn(>\\'n. He also kept

... .,, ...vn movement, and when the ■

.A.vemie Hotei wnn built, he was among the first to open a
there. Since that time ISIr. Dunlap has been a recognized S
in his line of business. He has branch stores in Chicag

Philadelpl' ^^ ■ -- >^ cies in every large towoi in the 1

States. .1 ties in Brooklyn are among the larji

the world devoted tt* the production of dress hats. More
a thousand people are employed in them, and they are c
ered model factories.

Among other enterprises in whic-i- aTt 71',,.^,;, ]jas been
ested is the Dmilap Cable News <' n was org;i;

in 1S9.1. It was intended ■ .y a demand for a more inde-

ROBERT DUNLAP 101

pendent and disinterested news service between the two conti-
nents than tlie existing companies afforded. In less than a year
fi'om its estabhshnient it was an acknowledged rival of the older
Unes. Ultimately the company was consolidated with a Euro-
pean concern, and is now known as Dalziel's News Agency in
Em*ope. In 1890 Mr. Dunlap, with others, founded the illus-
trated weekly " Truth," which he afterward purchased outright
and managed with success, hut finally sold to the American
Lithographic Company.

A lover and patron of literature, the drama, and of art gener-
ally, ^Ir. Dunlap has gathered from all parts of the world a
notably fine art collection, in which he takes great pride. He is
a member of the American Geographical Society, and a fellow of
the National Academy of Design, and the American Museum of
Natural History. He is a member also of the following clubs :
the Manhattan, the New York, the Colonial, the Coney Island
Jockey, the Larchmont, and the New York Yacht.

He has never been ambitious of political honors, but has been
content to fulfil his duty as a citizen in favor of good govern-
ment by the best men. His principal occupation has been the
building up of the industry which bears his name. In this he
has been preeminently successful, and his estabUshment has be-
come one of the most honorable mercantile houses in New York.

Mr. Dunlap married, in 1860, a daughter of Dr. T. H. Biu'ras.
Mrs. Dunlap is a descendant of the French Huguenots, and her
gi'eat-grandfather lies in old Trinity Churchyard. They have
four daughters, and a son who should be his father's business
successor.

JOHN STEWART DURAND

THE name of Durand inevitably suggests that the bearer of
it is of more or less clii*ectly French origin. In the pres-
ent case that suggestion is verified by the facts. Among the
French Huguenots who came to this country in early colonial
times, in quest of civil and religious freedom and a new and ampler
scope for theu" activities, was Dr. John Durand. He came hither
in 1635, and settled in New England. There he married Eliza-
beth Bryan of Milford, Connecticut. From this couple was
descended a line of worthy citizens of the new commonwealths
in which their lot was cast. One of these, in the last genera-
tion, was also named John Durand. He became one of the fore-
most railroad managers in the United States, and died in 1891,
after a successful and honored career.

This second John Durand was married to Martha Boyd
Stewart, whose name suggests a mingled Scotch and Irish ori-
gin, a suggestion which, like the former, is borne out by the
facts. Her forebears were Scotch, belonging to the great fam-
ilies or clans of Stewart and McKenzie. From Scotland they
removed, as did so many of their countrymen, to the north of
Ireland, and were among those who made the Province of Ulster
a thrifty Scottish land. There they intermarried with Irish fam-
ilies, and thus was acquired the name of Boyd. Thus the
blood of tlu-ee strong races was mingled in the veins of the chil-
dren of this latter union.

John Stewart Durand, son of John and Martha Dui'and, was
born at Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father was engaged in rail-
road enterprises, on October 30, 1859. His parents intended him
for a professional career, and accordingly had him carefully edu-
cated. After passing through primary courses of study he was

1U2

JOHN STEWART DURAND 103

sent to the Hopkins Grammar School, at New Haven, Connec-
ticut, where he received an admirable preparation for college.
Thence he proceeded to Yale University, where he pursued
the regular com^se with high credit to himself. He was duly
graduated with the class of 1881. He had ah-eady decided to
adopt the legal profession, and accordingly came fi'om Yale to
New York city, to begin the study of the law. He became a stu-
dent in the Law School of Columbia University, and pursued the
coxirse with the same diligence and success that had marked his
foi-mer scholastic career. In 1883 he was duly gi-aduated, and
in the spring of that year was graduated to practise his profes-
sion at the l)ar of New York.

^h: Duraud immediately began work as a practising lawyer
in New York, and has ever since made this city his home and the
chief scene of his professional activities. He has not permitted
political or other interests to distract his attention from the law,
but has devoted to the latter the undivided energies of his mind,
and thus has attained a gratifjnng measure of success in both
reputation and fortune. At the present time he is a member of
the well-known firm of Tyler & I)in*and, with offices on Broad-
way, in the borough of Manhattan. His partner is Mason W.
Tyler, a son of the late Professor William S. Tyler of Amherst
College.

Mr. Dm'and was at Yale a member of the Psi Upsilon Frater-
nity, and is now a member of the Psi Upsilon Club of New York
city, as well as of the Yale Club. He belongs also to the National
Arts Club, the Bar Association of the City of New York, the
Bar Association of the State of New York, the New York Law
Institute, the New Yoi'k Botanical Gai'den, the American Academy
of Political and Social Science, the American Statistical Associa-
tion, the West Side Republican Club, the West End Association,
and the American Historical Association. He was married on
April 16, 1887, in New York city, to Emma Weber Ely, and has
had two chikben : Henry Stewart Durand, bom August 13, 1890,
and John Durand, born August 17, 1893, and died August 23,
1893. In politics Mr. Durand has always been a Republican,
and prominently identified with the Repubhcan party, but has
never sought any political office.

CHARLES HENRY EDGAR

FOREMOST among the learned professions practised in the
American metropoUs, in point of numbers and activity, is
that of the law. Its ranks are thronged with practitioners of all
ranks and conditions, from all parts of the country, and indeed
from all parts of the world. Nowhere is the profession more
crowded, nowhere is the competition keener, nowhere are the
requirements for success greater, and nowhere are those require-
ments better met and«success more surely won.

Prominent among those who have thus won success, not
through any adventitious circumstances, but through solid per-
sonal merit, is the subject of the present sketch, a native of the
city of New York, of Scottish ancestry.

Charles Henry Edgar is a descendant of Thomas Edgar,
who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on October 19, 1681, and
who came to America sometime between the years 1715 and
1718. From Thomas Edgar was descended Matthias B. Edgar,
who had a son named James A. Edgar. The latter married
Mary E. Coe, and was a merchant in New York city. He died
on April 1, 1867.

Charles Henry Edgar, son of James A. Edgar and Mary E.
Coe Edgar, was born in New York city, on January 4, 1857.
Much of his boyhood was spent at Elizabeth, New Jersey, where
he was a student in the Rev. John F. Pingry's school. For one
year he was at St. Paul's School, at Concord, New Hampshire.
Thence he proceeded to Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania,
and was there graduated in the class of 1877. Finally he entered
the Law School of Columbia College, New York, and was gi-ad-
uated with the class of 1879.

Mr. Edgar was promptly admitted to practice at the bar as an

104

mJ- Vv

CKX^\

CHARLES HENRY EDGAR 105

attorney and counselor at law, the date of his admission by the
Supreme Coiu-t of the State of New York being May 29, 1879.

He immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in
New York city, and has attained an enviable degree of success.
His practice has been general in character, and he has devoted
his whole business attention to it. He has not identified him-
self with any speculative or other enterprises, nor has he taken
part in political affairs, beyond discharging the duties of a pri-
vate citizen.

Mr. Edgar is a member of several important professional,
social, and philanthropic organizations. Among these may be
mentioned the New York State Bar Association, the Association
of the Bar of the City of New York, the Hamilton Club of
Brooklyn, and the Brooklyn Children's Aid Society, of which
last-named he is a trustee.

Mr. Edgar was married on November 15, 1883, his bride being
Miss Ellen L. Husted. Mr. and Mrs. Edgar make their home in
Brooklyn. They have two children, daughters, named Louise
and Elinor.

JOHN WASHINGTON EISENHUTH

ONE of the most noteworthy developments of modern science
and inventive skill is to be seen in the substitution of va-
rious types of mechanical motors for horse-power in the propul-
sion of vehicles. The multiplication of these devices, and their
practical efficiency, give much color to the prophecy that we are
on the threshold of an almost horseless age. Abeady automo-
tive vehicles are widely used, both for business and for pleasure,
and the niimber of them, and their availability, are steadily and
not slowly increasing.

Prominent among the promoters of this new industry is John
Washington Eisenhuth, an American of remote German origin,
his ancestors having come to this country in 1639. He is the
son of Thomas Valentine Eisenhuth and Mary Ramsay Eisen-
huth, and was bom in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September
7, 1860. His education was acquired in the schools of Chicago and
Springfield, Illinois, whither his parents had removed. He
studied sciences and engineering, and he began his business
career as a civil and mining engineer. For several years he was
a successful operator among the gold- and silver-mines of Nevada,
Cahfornia, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico.

Meantime, beginning in 1878, he was experimenting with va-
rious devices for automotive vehicles, steam- and gas-engines, and
electric motors. He perfected and has in use several styles of
horizontal and vertical engines of various sizes, all of which are
doing admirable service. He has invented several styles of gas
and compressed-air engines for horseless vehicles, and since
1886 has l)een a leader in the latter enterprise. He was the
inventor of one of the most successful clipping-machines for
barbers' and horse-clippers' use. He was one of the originators

106

(Jy.C^lx^tC^^

JOHN WASHINGTON EISENHUTH 107

of the combined fixtures for gas and electric lights, and designed
many novel patterns thereof. In 1883 he built a great sugar-
mill for Claus Spreckels, at Hilo, in the Hawaiian Islands.
Many of his inventions and devices have been taken up by other
people, to their great profit.

Mr. Eisenhuth is now president of the Eisenhuth Horseless
Vehicle Company of this city, a concern with ten million dollars
capital, which proposes to manufacture on an extensive scale a
great diversity of vehicles for all purposes, propelled by engines
diiven by gas, electricity, carbonic acid, liquefied and compressed
air, or other like agent. He is at the head of a great mining
company in Alaska, wdth a capital of two million dollars. In the
furtherance of mining interests he was one of a party of sixteen
who went up tlie Yukon River on an exploring expedition. He
has also an important private banking business. He has taken
no active part in politics, and has held no public office.

It is of interest to recall that his great-grandfather, Bernard
Eisenhuth, was one of the leading spirits of the Revolution, and
voted to elect George Washington President, and lived to cast
his vote for Abraham Lincoln, living imtil the age of one hmi-
di'ed and eleven years and six months, enjoying every faculty,
and never using a cane nor glasses ; and when asked why he
changed his ])oliti('s in voting for Lincoln, replied that " Lincoln's
principles and the platform which he represented were identical
with those of Washington."

Mr. Eisenhuth is an enthusiastic yachtsman, and has built a
number of pleasure crafts. He is a member of the San Francisco
Yacht Club, and of the Western Bankers' Association. He is an
honorary member of the Olympia Club, and of the Paris Acad-
emy of Inventors, of Paris, Prance. He was married to Miss
Ella Victoria Rodgers, at San Francisco, on December 24, 1884.
They have no children.

JOHN LOVE ELLIOT

THE name of Elliot is sufficiently identified with early Ameri-
can history to need no explanation here. Two generations
back Jonathan Elliot did an inestimably valuable work for the
annals of the nation in editing the great series of volumes
known as "Elliot's Debates," which contain a synopsis of the
doings of Congress in early days and were the predecessors of the
official " Congressional Record." He was a resident of Washing-
ton, D. C. His son, Henry EUiot, was a successful lawyer, who
settled in eastern Tennessee.

Jane Warren Elliot, the wife of Henry Elliot and mother of
the subject of this sketch, was a daughter of John Love, who
was a native of Charles County, Maryland, a Master in Chancery,
and a Representative in Congress from Tennessee. John Love
was descended directly from Chi'istopher Love, who played a
prominent part in English pohtics in Oliver Cromwell's time, and
met his end under the headsman's ax.

John Love Elliot was born of such parentage and ancestry on
July 31, 1865, in Greene County, in eastern Tennessee. His boy-
hood was a wandering one, and his education was acquired in
schools as widely separated as in Florida, in Virginia, and in
Denver, Colorado. These comprised, also, day-schools and night-
schools, public schools and private schools.

His fii'st business occupation was as a clerk in a drug store.
This lasted for aboixt one year, in 1879-80. Next he was em-
ployed in the printing-office of the "Denver Tribune," at
Denver, Colorado. There, also, he remained for about one year.
His third engagement began in March, 1882, in the shops of the
Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, at Denver. There, for nearly
two years, he worked ten hours a day. During all these engage-

108

\,^^i^A^^

JOHN LOVE ELLIOT 109

luents be attended night-school, and thus acquired a good educa-
tion, of an eminently practical character.

Mr. Elliot entered upon what was to be the chief business of
his life in the spring of 1884. He was then employed as a fire-
man on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, but he became
interested in mining, and sent all his spare earnings to a partner,
who worked the mine. After a time the mine was sold, and he
left the employment of the railroad to devote all his attention to
mining. His second mining entciprise was disasti'ous, .sweeping
away nearly all of his capital. Thereupon he came to the East
and for a time worked as a salesman in a fruTiiture store in
Washington, D. C. That was in 1888.

In 1889. however, Mr. Elliot returned to the mining industry.
He went to Mexico in 1892, and there built and oj^erated three
large stamp-mills dm-ing the six years that he spent there. At
one time he employed in such works more than three thousand
men.

Mr. Elliot has now returaed from Mexico, but retains exten-
.sive interests there, as well as in various parts of the United
States. He is officially connected with the Mexican Coal and
Coke Company, the Conquista Coal Railroad Company, the South
Dakota Consolidated Mining Company, the MagTuder Mining
Company, and the Cornwall Coj^per Mines.

He is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers,
the Ai'dsley Club, New York Athletic Club, and Lawyers' Club
of New York, and the St. Botolph's Club of Boston.

FREDERICK T. ELLITHORPE

THE Ellithorpe family comes of fighting New England stock.
Some of its members were conspicuous in the War of the
Revolution. Two generations ago John Ellithorpe was a leader
of " Grreen Mountain Boys " in the War of 1812. He led a com-
pany to the defense of Plattsliurg. His home was on a farm
near St. Albans, Vermont, and there were born his six sons, of
whom the youngest was Albert C. Ellithorpe. The latter went
to Chicago in 1839 and became a lumberman, carpenter, and
builder, and also, at odd times, a school-teacher. Then he took
to wagon-building, and constructed the first coach ever made in
Chicago. He sold out his business and entered Knox College at
Galesbm'g, Illinois. After two years he left college and returned
to wagon-building. In 1849 he went to Cahfornia, but soon
returned to Chicago and entered a stone-quany. He invented
a stone-crusher, and again went West to introduce it as a quartz-
crusher in the mines of Colorado and Cahfornia. At Denver he
had a picturesque career as editor and politician, and took a
leading part in secviring for that city its first orderly govern-
ment. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was back in Chicago,
energetically taking part in the regular army, and was sent by
President Lincoln to the Indian Territory to imdo the work of
the secession. This he did, and he led a body of Indian troops
with great gallantry in various engagements in the field, and
thus won promotion to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Since
the war he has lived in Chicago, devoting himself to business of
various lines. Conspicuous among the inventions which he has
made are the dredge with iron knees for river and harbor work,
and the air-brake and air-cushion for passenger and freight
elevators.

110

£ /. ^^^<>='^-y62^

FREDERICK T. ELLITHORPE 111

Colonel Ellitliorpe married Miss Maria L. Sammons, a native
of Oswego County, New York. Her father, Frederick Sammons,
is said to have been the first to raise a " libert}' tree " in
America. He was a Revolutionary patriot, and also served as a
soldier under General William Henry Harrison. In the Revolu-
tion he was taken a prisoner of war by his Tory neighbor, Sir
John Johnson, in the Mohawk valley. Mi'S. ElUthoi"pe died in
Chicago on March 27, 1891.

The son of Colonel and Mrs. Ellithorpe, Frederick T. Elli-
thorpe, was bom in Chicago on February 7, 1856, the youngest
of four children. He was educated in the local schools, and
was graduated from the grammar schools of Chicago. For a
time he was a student also at the Illinois Industrial University.

On reaching mature years he became associated with some of
his father's business enterprises, especially in the manufacture
of elevators, and in the invention and promotion of a higher
degi'ee of elevator safety. He is now president of the Ellithorpe
Safety Air Cushion Company, and takes an active part in its
operations. He has himself, indeed, made important inventions
in connection with the air-cushion, so that he is regarded as the
inventor of the device as it exists to-day. He has repeatedly
given exhibitions of the efficacy of his device by causing eleva-
tors to drop precipitately from great heights. Again and again
he has the rope supporting an elevator cut, at a height from one
to two hundred feet, and in one case at a height of two hundred
and eighty-seven feet. In a number of cases he was himself
seated in the ponderous car, with eggs and glasses full of water
on the floor beside him. The elevator has invariably been
stopped after its headlong fall, without injiuy to its passengers
and without breaking an egg or spilling a drop of water. The
air-cushion principle has saved many lives, and is fast coming
into general use.

]\Ir. Ellithorpe was married on September 13, 1890, to Miss
Minnie Gilbert of Ohio. They have two sons, Gilbert Sammons
Ellithoi-pe and Frank Edwards Ellithoi'pe. Mr. Ellithorpe is an
active member of the Roseville Baptist Church of Newark, New
Jersey, and one of its trustees.

WILLIAM JOSEPH FANNING

rIE names of Fanning and Fitzgerald are both redolent of
that " old sod" which has furnished so large and so valuable
a part of the population of this country. It was, indeed, from
County Tipperary, Ireland, that James Fanning and Johanna
Fitzgerald, his wife, came, many years ago, to make their new
home in the State of New York. They settled in Saratoga
County, where Mr. Fanning followed the trade of a builder, and
there, at the village of Crescent, on July 12, 1850, was born their
son, William Joseph Fanning.

The elder Fanning was prosperous in business and ambitious
for his son, and especially intent upon his having a fine educa-
tion. So he sent him to the Half -Moon Institute, at Middletown,
Saratoga County, then provided him with private tutors at home,
and finally sent him to Rome, Italy, to study for a year. On his
return to this country, the young man decided to enter the legal
profession. Accordinglj^ he came to this city, and was enrolled
as a student in the Law School of the University of the City of
New York, as New York University was then called. He piu*-
sued a creditable course there, and in the spring of 1873 was
graduated with the degree of LL. B. A few days later he was
formally admitted to practice at the bar of New York, at the
General Term of the Supreme Court, held in this city. It may
be added, in passing, that he had in boyhood some business ex-
perience as a clerk in a store in his native village, and the
business training thus acquired has been of great service to him
in all his career.

Mr. Fanning began the practice of his profession as the part-
ner of his former preceptor, James F. Crawford, at Cohoes, his
work being chiefly before the com-ts at Albany, Seven years later.

112

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WILLIAM JOSEPH FANNING 11;;

iu 1880, he removed to this city, where he has since practised his
profession alone. He has paid especial attention to coi-poration
law, and has done the legal work in organizing and incorporating
many important companies. Among these may be mentioned
the New York and College Point Ferry Company, the College
Point Brewing Company, the New Rochelle and Pelham Rail-
road Company, etc. He has also made a specialty of hotel law,
and has drafted various statutes that have been enacted in this
State iu regard to hotels. In 1881 he was made coimsel for the
Hotel Association of this city, and later for the New York State
Hotel Association, which places he still holds, besides being attor-
ney for the Waldorf-Astoria, Fifth Avenue, Gilsey, Grand Union,
Broadway Central, Continental, and other hotels of this city. It
has been said that he has done more to advance the interests of
hotel men than any other man in the countiy. He is also a du-ector
and vice-president of the Jamaica Electric Light Company, and
director of the Waldorf Importation Company.

IVIi". Fanning is a member of the Manhattan, Democratic, and
Catholic clubs, the Board of Trade and Transportation, and the
Metropolitan Museum of Art. He has been a director and sec-
retary of the New York Catholic Protectory, and is now counsel
for the Mission of the Immaculate Virgin for the Protection of
Homeless and Destitute Children, and of several other Cathohc
institutions.

In 1895 Mayor Strong appointed Mr. Fanning a city magis-
trate for four years, at a salary of seven thousand dollars a year,
but the latter declined the office.

He was mamed in this city, on October 19, 1881, to IVIiss Annie
Ashman, daughter of A. L. Ashman, proprietor of the Sinclair
House of New York, but has no children.

WILLIAM HILDRETH FIELD

THE tide of immigration to this country from Glreat Britain,
whicli began to flow nearly three centuries ago, has by no
means ceased. In the last generation it maintained full volume,
and in the present it has not yet begun to ebb. Many a man
who now seems thoroughly American in all respects is of English
bu'th, or, at least, of direct English parentage. The latter is the
case with the subject of this sketch.

William Field, of the last generation, was a native of London,
England. He came to the United States in 1837, and foiu' years
later mari'ied Miss Frances A. Hildreth of New Hampshire, a
member of the well-known New England family of that name.
He made his home in New York city, and was a man of means
and fine culture. In 18-i5 he died, leaving his wife and one child,
a son, who bore the names of both father and mother.

This son was Wilham Hildreth Field, the subject of this sketch.
He was born in New York city on April 16, 1843. Though
left fatherless at the age of two years, he did not have to suffer
the hardships of many orj^hans. On the contrary, he enjoyed the
care and culture which his father's means and inclination had
made possible. He was carefully educated at the Mount Wash-
ington Collegiate Institute, on Washmgton Square, New York
city, which was in those days justly esteemed as one of the fore-
most and best preparatory schools in America. Then he went
to Union College, which was then still under the presidency of
Dr. Eliphalet Nott, one of the world's great educators. He was
a fine student at Union, as he had been in the preparatory school,
and was graduated there with honors, and with special distinction
in mathematics and philosophy, in the class of 1863. Two years
later he was graduated with honors at the Columbia College Law

in

c/A^.^ f/^c^^'-^-ce/yC^

WILLIAM HILDKETH FIELD 115

School, and immediately, in May, 1865, was admitted to the
bar.

His actual law practice began in September, 1865, in partner-
slii]) with the Hon. J. W. Edmonds. That partnership continued
for nine years, and then was terminated by the deatli of Judge
Edmonds. Thereafter Mr. Field continued the work of the firm
alone for some time. He also edited the ninth volume of his late
partner's well-known work, " Edmonds's Statutes."

A new partnership was formed in 1881, under the style of
Field & Harrison, and especial attention was ])aid by it to real-
estate business. A httle later the tii-ni of Field, Hildreth &
Deshon was also formed for general law business. Mr. Field
was the head of each of these fii'ms, and has remained in those
places to the present time.

Much of ]SIr. Field's practice has been confined to office work.
He has, however, been prominently associated with many im-
portant court cases, and has " tried many cases in which his con-
struction of the statutes has settled the laws of the State by
decision of the Court of Appeals." Among his cases were the
smt of George W. Bowen to annul the ^vill of Mme. Jumel,
that of Swift against the Mayor of New York to recover on a
contract which had not been awarded on a pubhc letting, that
in which the title of the. Hopper-Mott farm was confirmed to
those in possession, and that of the Mayor against the Tenth
National Bank for recovery of funds loaned to a coiu't-house
commissioner notwithstanding a misappropriation thereof by him.

Mr. Field is a Democrat in politics, but has never sought
pohtical office. In March, 1889, however, he was persuaded to
accept from Mayor Grant an appointment as a member of the
supervisory board of the Municipal Civil Service Commission.

Of his church activities much might be said. He is a member
of the Roman Cathohc Church, and one of its most energetic lay-
men. He was one of the eai'ly members of the Xavier Union,
and was its president in 1887. During his administration in the
year named it was reorganized into the Catholic Club, and of that
club he was the first president. He has for many years been a
member of the board of management of the Roman Catholic
Orplian Asylum of this city, and is actively interested in
other philanthi'opic and rehgious enterprises of the church.

ARCHIE C. FISK

FROM New York to the West, and back to New York again,
is, in brief, the outhne of the career of Colonel Archie C.
risk. He was born in this State, in Steuben County, on Octo-
ber 18, 1836, and at the age of two years was taken by his father
to Lorain Coiinty, Ohio, where the family then settled. The
father was a farmer, and the son grew up a farm-boy, working
on the farm and attentUng the public school at Elyria. At the
age of seventeen he became a clerk in a dry-goods store, and
there remained for some years. The outbreak of the Civil War,
however, called him from the co^^nter to the camp. He organ-
ized a company, which was added to the famous Twenty-third
Ohio Reghnent, which contained WiUiam S. Rosecrans, Stanley
Matthews, Rutherford B. Hayes, Wilham McKinley, and other
men of more than ordinary prominence. He was commissioned
as second lieutenant of Company K on June 1, 1861.

At the beginning of active service Lieutenant Fisk was chosen
by General Rosecrans as a member of his staff. He participated
in the West Virginia campaign, the second Bull Run, South
Mountain, and Antietam. Then he was transferred to Sher-
man's army, and was in the Jackson and Vicksburg campaign,
at Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, and in the march to Knox-
ville. He was appointed assistant adjutant-general, and in that
capacity served in the Atlanta campaign. Then he was trans-
ferred to the Department of the Mississippi, with headquarters
at Vicksburg, where he remained until the close of the war. In
that place he managed the release by exchange of more than
eight thousand prisoners from AndersonviUe, Libby, and other
Southern prisons, and at the end of the war he signed the paroles
of a number of prominent Confederate officers. He was fre-

IIG

,ytC^i^^^<^:^

ARCHIE C. FISK 117

qiiently mentioned and commended for meritorious and gallant
conduct by his commanding officers during the war, and was
finally honorably mustered out with the rank of colonel.

At the return of peace, Colonel Fisk entered the cotton busi-
ness at Vicksburg as a planter, merchant, and manufacturer.
He also published a newspaper, the Vicksburg " Daily Times."
In 1873 he removed to Denver, Colorado, and engaged in farm-
ing, stock-raising, and real-estate and other enterprises, identify-
ing himself largely with the growth of that city. He was the
president of the Denver Land and Improvement Company, the
Denver Circle Real Estate Company, and the American Trust
Company, and a leading member of the Denver Circle Railroad
Company, the Denver Chamber of Commerce, and the Denver
Real Estate Exchange. It was he who suggested the Trans-
Mississippi Congresses, and he has been a member of them since
their organization. He was also one of the chief foundei's of the
silver organizations of the country, and was chosen president of
the Pan-American Bimetallic League on its formation in 1892.
In 1895 Colonel Fisk removed to New York city, and has here
since made his home.

Colonel Fisk has long taken an active interest in pohtics. He
was in 1868 a delegate from Mississippi to the Republican Na-
tional Convention, and for the next four years was a member
of the Republican National Committee. He thereafter was an
energetic member of the Republican party for many years.
When party schisms over the silver question arose, however, he
drew away from his old associates and identified himself with
the Free Silver and Popuhst parties. He was the candidate of
the silver jiarty for Congress in the Fifteenth District of Now
York in 189G, and in the campaign of that year was a leading
speaker and writer on that side.

Colonel Fisk is a member of the Society of the Army of the Ten-
nessee, the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Loyal Legion,
and has long been active in theii' councils and efficient in pro-
moting their welfare.

JAMES PEERS FOSTER

JAMES PEERS FOSTER, a well-kuown lawyer and polit-
ical leader in the city of New York, is amply entitled to
be considered a typical American, as well as, in some degree, a
citizen of the world. He comes from a line of ancestors distin-
guished for their patriotic services in the development of the
colonies into States, and the upbuilding of the States into a great
nation. Theu' services were rendered in both civil and military
life. Several of his ancestors were officers in the War of 1812
and in the Mexican War, and his maternal grandfather died from
the effect of wounds received in battle.

His parents were people of means and culture, living at Flush-
ing, Long Island, and there he was born to them, on August 31,
1848. The early years of his life were spent in or near New York
city, and his education began in its pubhc schools. After pass-
ing through these, he entered the Law School of Columbia Col-
lege, and pursued its course with cx-edit. He was duly gradu-
ated from that institution in 1873, with the degree of LL. B.

Thorough American though he was, Mr. Foster was not un-
mindfiil of the special educational advantages to be enjoyed in
the Old World. Accordingly, on leaving Columbia College, he
repaired to Germany, and was for four years a student in the
University of Berlin. He was graduated there in 1877 with
the degree of LL. D., and his graduating thesis, an elaborate dis-
sertation on " The Public Lands of America," written in Oer-
man, was accepted as the best authority on the subject in the
German language, and had a wide sale as a standard work.

Thus prepared for duty, Mr. Foster returned to America, and
began the practice of his profession in this city. He rapidly
iicquired a large and important clientage, and rose to a leading

118

dc.^--i^^/?-^c^^:^

JAMES PEEKS FOSTEK 119

rank at the American bar. At the request of Professor Dam bach
of the University of Berhn, he made a special study of the
patent laws of the United States, for the benefit of the (ier-
man Empire. As a result of his studies, he drafted a patent
code for Geimany, based upon that of this countr^^ Tliis was
submitted to Prince Bismarck, who was so favorably impressed
with it that he at once secured its enactment by the imperial
Parliament, and it was enacted as the patent law of Germany.

Mr. Foster has always been a Repubhcan, and has taken a
keen and active interest in politics. He joined the Republican
Club of the city of New York in 1881, and has done much to
.'Strengthen it and to promote its work. He secured permanent
headquarters for the club in 1886, personally assuming all pecu-
niary responsibility therefor, and the next year was elected presi-
dent of the club. He suggested, in 1887, a National League of
Republican Clubs, and on its formation was chosen its first presi-
dent. He devoted almost liis entire time and energy to it for more
than a year, until it was an established success. Ho was urged at
that time, and often since, to become a candidate for public office,
but invariably declined.

In his ])oyhood, as early as 1865, Mr. Foster became a member
of the Hamilton Literary Society of Brooklyn, and held in suc-
cession every office in it. He was still a member of it when it
was transformed into the Hamilton Club, now one of the fore-
most clubs of that borough. At college he joined the Psi Upsilon
Fraternity. He has been identified with several clubs and so-
cieties of Manhattan Island.

While he was yet a student in the Columbia Law School, Mr.
Foster was married to Miss Sara M. Haight of New York.

EUGENE FULLER

THE Fuller family, which has given many worthy names and
one supremely distinguished name to American history, was
founded in this country by Thomas Fuller, who came from Eng-
land and settled in Massachusetts in 1638. His great-grandson,
Timothy Fuller, was the first settled minister of the church at
Princeton, Massachusetts. The son of the latter, also named
Timothy, was graduated from Harvard College in 1801 with
second honors, and had a distinguished career as a lawyer, mem-
ber of the State Legislature, member of the State Council, and
Representative in Congress, where he was a friend and follower
of John Quincy Adams, and ranked as one of the foremost
orators of his time. Three of his children attained eminence.
One of these, the oldest, was Sarah Margaret Fuller, who by her
marriage became the Marchioness d'Ossoli. Her name is one of
the glories of American journalism and literature, of scholarship
and philanthropy. The second child was Richai'd Frederick
Fuller, a Harvard graduate, who became one of the leading
lawyers of Boston, and published a volume of verse, a biography
of his brother, and other works. The third was Arthur Buck-
minster Fuller, a clergyman and educator of prominence, and
author of nimierous books, who went into the Civil \yar as a
chaplain, and was killed in battle.

Richard Frederick Fuller, mentioned above, was bom at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, on May 15, 1821, was graduated at Har-
vard ill 1844, and died at Wayland, Massachusetts, on May 30,
1869, the latter place being his home during much of his life.
He married Miss Addie Reeves of Waylaud, a member of a
family of old colonial descent. The subject of the present sketch
is their son.

120

'OajL/ (vaJjte/^'^

EUGENE FULLER 121

Eugene Fuller was bom at "Wayland, Massachusetts, on May
8, 1858. He received the careful education characteristic of the
Fuller family for several generations. After a thorough prepara-
toiy coiu-se he was sent to Harvard College to receive that liberal
general cultiu'e which is not easily to be seciu'ed outside of such
an institution. In that ancient seat of learning his career was
highly creditable as a scholar and as a man. Having been duly
graduated with honorable rank in his class with the degree of
A. B., he decided upon the practice of medicine as his calling in
hfe. With that end in \dew he entered the Medical School of
Hai-vard, and pursued its course with his characteristic and,
one might say, hereditary thoroughness. Having completed that
coiu*se, he was gi-aduated with the degree of M. D., and commis-
sioned to undertake the heahug of the sick. To that beneficent
work his life has since been devoted with a marked degree of
success. He has not been diverted from it by any extraneous
interests, taking no part in politics beyond that of a citizen, and
seeking no business enterprises which might detract from the
close attention the physician needs to pay to his profession.
To-day he occupies an enviable rank among the younger genera-
tion of practising physicians.

HENRY J. FURLONG

HENRY J. FURLONG, the head of the law firm of Furlong
& O'Connell, is of English birth. He is a grandson of the
Countess of Leigh of Malvern, Sussex, England, and a son of
Major the Hon. Charles Harman Furlong, a British army officer
and member of the diplomatic service. He was not, however,
actually born on British soil, but in the south of Spain, near
Gibraltar, in 1863. He was carefully educated by tutors and in
English schools, and finally at King's College, London, and
Liverpool College, Liverpool.

When he was about twenty-one years old Mr. Furlong came
to this coitntry and sought engagements in commercial life.
For several years he was thus employed, with a satisfactory
measure of success. Then he decided to abandon commercial
pursuits for the practice of the law. Accordingly he entered
the MetropoUs Law School of the city of New York, which has
since been consolidated with the Law School of New York Uni-
versity, and of which Abner C. Thomas, author of " Thomas on
Mortgages," etc., was then dean. Dr. Ashley, now dean of the
New York University Law School, was also one of the faculty.
At this school Mr. Furlong pm-sued a thorough course, and in
1894 was graduated with the degree of LL. B., and at about the
same time was admitted to practice at tlic l)ar of New York State.
Later, in 1895, having attained eminent rank in the profession,
he was admitted to practice before the United States courts as
a proctor advocate in admiralty.

Mr. Furlong has from the outset of his career addressed him-
self chiefly to civil law practice, and especially to commercial,
admiralty, and probate cases. In these important departments
of practice he has long been a recognized authority. For years

122

HENRY J. FUKLONG 123

lie practised aloue and witli increasing: success. Tlien the press
of business necessitated tlie takiui>; in of a partner. Accordingly
in 1896 lie formed a partnership with liis former classmate in the
Law School Elmer S. White, and removed from his old office to
more counnodious quarters at Nos. 93-99 Nassau Street. Still
later the firm was enlarged by the admission of John J. O'Connell,
under the name of Furlong, White & O'Connell. This firm was
dissolved in 1899, and was succeeded by that of Furlong & O'Con-
nell, which, after being in the New York Life Building for a
time, removed to its present quarters in the Vincent Building at
No. 302 Broadway.

Mr. Furlong is an earnest Democrat in politics, and has taken
an active share in party affairs in city. State, and nation. In
1900 he was a[)pointed by Mayor Van Wyck a city magistrate in
the Borough of Brooklyn. At the l^eginning of 1902 an attempt
was made to remove him from office under the provisions of the
new charter ; but an appeal to the courts was decided in his favor,
and he was reinstated upon the bench until such time as his
term should legally expire.

Mr. Fiu'long lives on Sunnyside Avenue, Brooklyn. Ho is a
memlier of the Democratic Club, the chief political and social
ilulj of the party in this city. lie is also a prominent member
of the Masonic Order, being a member of Adelphi Lodge of this
city. He belongs to various other professional and social or-
ganizations, in all of which he is popular and esteemed.

HUGH RICHARDSON GARDEN

HUGH RICHARDSON GARDEN descends from several
of the most honorable Southern colonial families. The
Rev. Alexander Garden, first of the name in this country, came
from England in the early part of the eighteenth centmy, as the
head of the English Church in the Carolinas. He was descended
from George Garden, Laird of Banchory, Scotland, in 1655, whose
son, Dr. Alexander Garden, born in 1730, was a physician in
Charleston until the War of the Revolution, when he retvirned to
England, his sympathies being with the Royalist party. Dr.
Garden's son, however, was the most ardent of patriots, and
entered the Continental Army as a lieutenant under General
Lee's command. He was afterward aide-de-camp to General
Nathaniel Greene, and at the close of the war was made a major.
He married Mary Ann Gil^bes, but having no children, they
adopted a nephew of Mrs. Garden, Alcestor Garden Gibbes, who
thereupon changed his name to Garden. His father, Wilmot
Gibbes, was a descendant of Stephen Gibbes, 1594, of Edmond-
stone Coui't, England. His mother, Anna de Saussure Gibbes,
was a daughter of an old Huguenot family which settled in South
Carolina in 1700. Daniel de Saussure was a Revolutionary patriot,
a member of the Provincial Congi-ess, and a State Senator after
the war. His son Henry William de Saussure, the great-grand-
father of Hugh Richardson Garden, although a mere lad at the
time of the Revolution, fought at the defense of Chai-leston, and
was made prisoner. He distinguished himself in later life as a
legislator, was director of tlie United States Mint in 1794, and
Chancellor of the State of South Carolina from 1808 to 1837.

Hugh Richardson Garden was born at Sumter, South CaroHna,
July 9, 1840. He was graduated with honors from the South

124

-f^l 0jah.diLi\J

HUGH RICHARDSON GARDEN 125

Carolina College in 1860. When war was declared Mr. Garden,
true to his Southern ancestry, cast his lot with the cause of the
Confederacy. He served at Fort Sumter and Manassas, and,
entirely at his own expense, raised and equipped the Pabnetto
Battery, of which he was cai)taiii. At the hattle of Appomattox
he was in command of the artillery of General Lee's rear-guard.

At the close of the war Mr. Gai'den entered the Law Depart-
ment of the University of Virginia, and, after his admission to
the bar, practised in various places in the South until 1883, when
lie removed to New York city. Here he has been very success-
fid, especially in the branch to which he has been most devoted —
corporation law. The part taken by him in the settlement of
the Vh'ginia debt gave him an internati(mal reputation. In 1892
he received the degree of D.C.L. from the L^niversity of the
South.

Mr. Garden's tastes do not incline to club life, but he is a
prominent member of the Southern Society of New York, and
was at one time president of the organization.

He was mamed, in 18G8, to Miss Lucy Gordon Robertson, a
daughter of the Hon. William J. Robertson, judge of the Vir-
ginia Court of Appeals. Her maternal grandfather was William
F. Gordon, a famous soldier, and a friend of Thomas Jefferson,
Madison, and Monroe.

EDWIN VAN DEUSEN GAZZAM

DR. EDWIN VAN DEUSEN GAZZAM comes of an his-
toric family, members of which have played a prominent
part in two continents. His paternal great-grandfather was
William Gazzain, Jr., an English journalist, who was compelled
to leave England and seek refuge in America because of his out-
spoken and unsparing criticisms of the king. His paternal
grandfather was Edward D. Gazzam, M. D., who was one of the
foimders of the famous Free-soil party, a member of the State
Senate of Pennsylvania, and one of the foremost practising phy-
sicians of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. His father was General
Audley William Gazzam, who was a successful lawyer, and who
served in the National army throughout the Civil War, having
raised a company at Pittsburg, of which he was. chosen captain,
and being breveted brigadier-general at the close of the war.
Dr. Gazzam's paternal grandmother (Dr. Edward D. Gazzam's
wife) was Elizabeth Antoinette Beelen, daughter of Constan-
tine Antoine de Beelen, and granddaughter of Baron Antoine
do Beelen de Bei-tholf, who was the first Austrian ambassador
to the United States, in 1783. On the maternal side Dr. Gazzam
is descended from some of the earliest Dutch colonists in this
country. His great-great-grandfather, Jacob Laird Van Deusen,
was a prominent citizen in his time, and his grandfather, the
Rev. Edwin M. Van Deusen, D. D., was a leading clergyman and
theologian, who married Maria Eliza Gilbert, and was the father
of Mary Ehzabeth Van Deusen, wife of General Audley William
Gazzam.

Of such parentage and ancestry Edwin Van Deusen Gazzam
was born on February 5, 1866, at Utica, Oneida County, New
York. He was educated in the pubhc schools and Free Acad-

rj6

"^Z^^^'Z^^z^f^y^ -^^ '

EDWIN VAN DEUSEN GAZZAM 127

eniy of Utica ; in the Metlical Department of the University of
Pennsylvania ; an«l in the postgraduate course of the New York
Postgraduate Medical School. His studies and researches
were fiu'thcr pursued during a resident physicianship in the
New York Postgraduate Hospital.

At the age of sixteen years he left school and entered the
hardware store of Wright, Dana & Co., at Utica, New York, as a
clerk. There he S(H'ved for two years, and then removed to Bal-
timore, Maryland, and then entered the emi>loyment of the hard-
Avare firm of Carlin & Fulton. Later he was employed in
Kochester, New York, and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

It was in the fall of 1887 that, after this business experience,
he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania. He was to have been graduated in 1890. During his
second term, however, he undertook to manage a business enter-
prise while pursuing his studies, and as a result of overwork
suffered an attack of ncn^ous prostration. This caused an inter-
mission of eighteen'months in his course, and he was not gradu-
ated initil May, 1892. Then he at once entered the New York
Postgraduate Hospital, on the house staff, and was graduated
fi'om its school on January 1, 1894.

Dr. Gazzam began his practice in New York in 1894, with his
office at No. 106 West Thirty-foxu*th Street. Later he removed
to West Forty-fifth Street. Since 1896 he has been at No. 153
West Forty-sixth Street.

He is a member of the Alpha Mu Pi Omega Medical Fraternity,
the Alumni Association of the University of Pennsylvania, the
New York Postgraduate Alumni Association, the Medical
Society of the County of New York, the New York Medical
League, the Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, the New York
Red Cross Society, the Sons of the American Revolution, the
Washington Continental Guard, the Pennsylvania Society of
New York, the Prince of Orange Masonic Lodge, the Constitu-
tion Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, the Constantino Com-
mandery of Knights Templar, the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
the American Art Society, the Society of Medical Jurispnidence,
and other organizations.

He was married at Utica, New York, on February 21, 1900, to
Miss Clara M. Griffith, daughter of M. H. Griffith of Utica.

EDWARD ALYAH GODDING

EDWARD ALVAH GODDING, who in recent years has
come to the fore among the successful financiers of the
younger generation in the financial and commercial metropolis
of the nation, is of Scottish and Enghsh ancestry and of New
England nativity, having been horn in Providence, Rhode
Island, and indeed having begun his business career in that pros-
perous and progressive city. His father, Alvah Winslow God-
ding, who for thirty years was one of the foremost insurance
men in Providence, was of Scottish stock and was born in
the State of Vermont, belonging to a well-known and influential
family. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary J. Miles,
was of EngUsh family, and was born at Westminster, Massa-
chusetts.

Of such ancestry, and inheriting the admirable traits of the
two races blended therein, Edward Alvah Godding, the subject
of this sketch, was bom at Providence, on September 4, 1863.
His education was acquired in the fine institutions of learning
in his native city. He was prepared for college at the High
School in Providence, and thence went to Brown University.
In the latter he pursued with exceptional success the regular
college com'se, and he was graduated from it as a member of the
class of 1886, being one of the honor men of that class.

On leaving college, Mr. Godding applied himself at once to a
business career. At that time the bicycle business was swiftly
developing into enormous proportions, and he was quick to per-
ceive in it the great opportunities it offered to enterprising men.
He established at Providence what was the first wholesale house
in the United States for the sale of bicycle parts, fittings, and
material. This concern was known as the Whitten-Godding

128

EDWARD ALVAH GODDING 129

Cycle Company of Providence, and after a successful career it
was sold to the Pope Manufacturing Company.

Some six or seven years ago, on retiring from the bicycle
Inisiness, Mr. Godding T)egan to give his attention to the busi-
ness of a banker and broker, making a specialty of mining
stocks. In the ]iursuance of these undertakings he established
liimself in New York, at No. 32 Broadway, and soon made his
influence felt in Wall Street. He became and still is special
agent of the Colonial Copper Company, which has been regarded
by many as one of the best mining properties in the country.

In addition to this important agency, Mr. Godding is presi-
dent of the National Security & Trust Company of New York,
of which the paid-in capital stock is $600,000. He is treasurer
of the Pacific Realty & Industrial Coiiioration, treasurer of
the Sultana Mining Company, and fiscal agent of the California
Railroad & Realty Company, which is capitalized at $3,000,000.

^Ii". Godding was in college a member of the Delta Kappa
Epsilon Fraternity, and is now a member of its club in New
York, as well as of various other social organizations in New
York and Providence. He belongs to Crescent Chapter, Royal
Arch Masons, and to Palestine Commandery, Knights Templar.

He was married, on February 12, 1890, to Miss Susan M.
Sheldon of Providence, Rhode Island.

"S^

CHARLES A. GOULD

IT is not alone in the new States of the far West that great
opportunities arise of " growing up with the country " and
even of founding new towns. This old settled Empire State is
not lacking in them, as its recent history and the career of the
subject of this sketch abundantly show. This is the story of a
man of New York State who began business life with no capital
but his own ability and energy, and steadily and even rapidly
worked his way upward to wealth, social prominence, and
pohtical influence.

Charles Albert Gould was born at Batavia, Genesee County,
New York, on January 13, 1849, and spent his boyhood there.
He attended the local pubhc schools, and was thus prepared for
college. But about this time his father met with serious busi-
ness reverses, so that he could not afford to pay the boy's way
through college, and, indeed, was compelled to let the latter go
out to make his own way in the world.

Thus, at the age of twenty, young Gould found himself thrown
entu-ely upon his own resoui-ces. It was dui'ing the flush times
that followed the Civil War, when busmess of nearly all kinds was
brisk. He reckoned his native place too small for the advance-
ment he hoped to gain, and therefore went to Buffalo, the chief
city of western New York. There he entered the emplojTnent
of a large mercantile fli'm as an accountant, and thus acquhed a
sound and thorough business training and experience which was
sm'e to be of value to him all through his career. He also took
an active interest in politics. The local campaign of 1870 was a
stirring and important one, and as he was then just old enough
to vote, he entered into it with the enthusiasm of youth, and yet
with much of the judgment and effectiveness of a veteran. His

130

CHAKLES A. GOULD 131

aptitude for public affairs soon made him a leader in the councils
of the Republican party in Buffalo. In 1878 he was appointed
Deputy Postmaster of that city, and held the place for two years.
Then President Grarlield made him Collector of Customs for the
district of Buffalo Creek, and he held that place for four years^
or until the advent of a Democratic administration caused a
" clean sweep " of the ofi&ces. He had now become one of the
recognized leaders of the Republican party in that part of the
State, and was always conspicuous in the party organization and
in the work of campaigns.

His retu'ement from political office marked the beginning of
another epoch in his life. He became a manufacturer, and
devoted himself strictly to business, with noteworthy success.
His first venture was to purchase a controlling interest in the
Henry Childs Steam Forge in South Buffalo, and to run that
concern for some years, to its and his great profit. Next, in
1887, he purchased land at Black Rock and erected a large steam-
forge of his own, where he manufactured car-axles, locomotive
driving-axles, shafting, etc. With boundless energy and unfail-
ing shrewdness, working with the best modern equipment, he
made this enterprise splendidly successful. Then he proceeded
to put upon the markt't a device that is now known as ^\^dely as
are railroads themselves. This is the " Gould automatic cou-
pler," which every raih'oad traveler observes as he passes from car
to car, Mr. Gould's name staring at him from the iron plate he
treads upon. This coupler was widely introdi;ced upon Ameri-
can raih'oads, and then Mr. Gould sent it abroad, and was, in
1895, gratified to find it accepted upon some of the largest rail-
road systems in Great Britain and in other countries. Indeed,
it now bids fair to become the standard coupler on British rail-
roads. A Gould Coupler Company was organized for the
manufacture and sale of it, with Mr. Gould as president. A lit-
tle later the Gould Steel Company of Ajiderson, Indiana, was
formed, with him as president of it also.

One of the most noteworthy of Mr. Gould's enterprises was
the building of the new town of Depew, not far from Buffalo.
The requirements of his own business led him to look for a site
where he would have better railroad facilities, and he found them
in the outskirts of the village of Lancaster. A large tract of

132 CHAELES A. GOULD

farmiug-land was secured, and in a short time was transformed
into a busy industrial community of several thousand inhabi-
tants. Mr. Gould was one of the chief promoters of this work,
being president of the Bufttilo Investment Company, which had
it in charge. The Gould Coupler Company took fifty acres in
the new town, and there built one of the largest malleable-iron
plants in the world. In 1895 the forge at Black Rock was de-
stroyed by fire, and was at once rebuilt on a much larger scale at
Depew.

The various companies with which Mr. Gould is associated,
and of which he is the dominant factor, have their offices, as is
fitting, in New York. Accordingly he has himself, since 1889,
made this city and its suburbs his home. He has a fine mansion
in the city, and an attractive summer place in the aristocratic
suburban town of Rye, in Westchester Comity, on the shore of
Long Island Sound. Besides being an important force in the
business and financial world of the metropolis, Mr. Gould has
entered into its social activities as well. He is a member of
many leading organizations here and in other places, and is
identified with the promotion of their welfare. Thus he is com-
modore of the American Yacht Club, and a member of the New
York, the Larchmont, and the Atlantic yacht clubs. His other
clubs in this city include the Union League, the New York
Athletic, the Lotos, the Lawyers', and the Republican. In the
city of Buffalo, New York, he is a member of the Buffalo and
EUicott clubs ; in Chicago, of the Chicago Cluli ; and in Phila-
delphia, of the Manufacturers' Club. In each and all of these
lie is a constant force making for their best interests.

In recent years Mr. Gould has not held i")olitical office and has
not figured in political life conspicuously beyond discharging the
duties of a good citizen. His membership in the Union League
and Republican clubs indicates, however, his constant affilia-
tion with the Republican party and his lasting devotion to its
welfare.

Mr. Gould is a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, and is a generous supporter, with time, work, and
money, of various rehgious and benevolent enterprises.

THOMAS F. GllADY

rpHOJklAS F. GRADY, who has been caUed the "silver-
JL tougiied orator of Tammany Hall," and who has long been
one of the most conspicuous figures in New York Democratic
politics, is of Ii-ish descent, but a native of this city. He was
l)orn in the Fourth Ward on November 29, 1853, and received
his early education at the parochial schools of St. James's and
St. Mary's parishes. Then for three years he attended at the
well-known De La Salle Institute, where he pursued the regular
course and was gi-aduated., In 1880 Manhattan College con-
t'eiTcd upon him the honorary degree of A. M. He also studied
for a time in the Law Department of the University of the City
of New York, as New York University was then called. In boy-
hood, while in the parish schools, he began to be called the
*' silver-tongiied orator" on account of his distinction in decla-
mation, and even when quite a youth was well known as an
effective speaker before church societies.

On leaving school Mr. Grady entered the publishing-house of
D. Appleton & Co., as a copy-holder in the proof-reading room.
Later he was engaged in the offices of various legal firms, where
he pursued his law studies until he was ready for admission to
the bar. He was an assistant to William C. Whitney in the
Corporation Covmsel's office in 1876, after having been a record-
ing clerk in the County Clerk's office in 1874, and a census
enumerator in 1875. He had been offered by the Hon. Robert
B Roosevelt a cadetship at West Point in 1872, but had
declined it, his inchnations leading him unmistakably toward
political life.

Mr. Grady's public career began in 1877. In that year he
went to Albany as member of Assembly from the Second District

133

HENRY WINTIIROP (JRAY

HENRY WINTHROP GRAY, well known in New York as
a financier and as a public servant, comes on the paternal
side fi'om old New England stock. His father, George Winthrop
Gray, was a native of Boston, who came to New Y'ork to engage
in business, and spent the remainder of his life here. His busi-
ness was trade with China, and in it he was associated as partner
with N. L. & G. Griswold, one of the foremost New Y^'ork firms
of that time. The association was also more than a business one,
for Mr. Gray married Maria Griswold, daughter of George Gris-
wold, thus adding the latter family to the ancestry of the sub-
ject of this sketch.

Henry Winthrop Gray, son of George Winthrop Gray and
Maria Griswold Gray, was born in New York city on June 12,
1842. He was educated in the schools of New York, completing
his academic training with a course in the University of the
City of New Y^ork, as New York University was at that time called.

Upon leaving college Mr. Gray engaged in mercantile pursuits
with the finn of N. L. & G. Griswold, with which his fathi^r was
associated. Subsequently he turned his attention to more purely
financial affairs, and became a broker and a member of the New
York Stock Exchange. Some years ago he retired from active
business pursuits, but he still retains his membership in the
Stock Exchange.

In 1889 Mr. Gray was appointed receiver of the North River
Sugar Refining Company, a concern which was at that time dis-
solved because of its absorjotion into the Sugar Trust. Subse-
quently he was appointed by the New York courts receiver in
various other insolvency and dissolution cases, for his services
in which he received great credit.

135

136 HENRY WINTHROP GRAY

Mr. Gi-ay's public service began in 1892, when be was ap-
pointed one of the Commissioners of Parks of the city of New
York. He filled that office for only a short time, and then
resigned it in order to accept appointment as one of the Fire
Commissioners of New York. This latter place he also resigned,
in the spring of 1894, on account of disagreement with the other
members of the board concerning the- methods and expenses of
the department.

In May, 1895, the office of Special Commissioner of Jurors was
created, and he was appointed to fill it, which he did until that
office was abolished in the spring of 1901.

Mr. Gray is a well-known figure in some of the best clubs of
New York, his affiliations including the Union, Metropolitan,
Knickerbocker, City, Down-Town, and Whist clubs, and the
Century Association.

Mr. Gray was first married to Miss Mary M. Travers, who
bore him two children, William Travers Gray, and Maria Gris-
wold Gray, the latter now being the wife of William B. Coster.
His second wife was Miss Matilda G. Frelinghuysen, daughter
of the distinguished Senator of the United States and Secretary
of State Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey.

SAMUEL GREENBAUM

SAMUEL GREENBAU^I is a native of London, England,
where he was born on January 23, 1854, the son of Lewis
and Rachel (Schlesinger) Greenbaum. When he was only two
years old his parents removed to New York, and that city has
ever since been his home. His early education was received in
the pubhc schools of New York, whence in due time he was
graduated into the College of the City of New York. From the
latter he was graduated in 1872, and immediately thereafter he was
appointed a teacher in Grammar School No. 59, in East Fifty-
seventh Street. Mr. Greenbaum served at the teacher's desk
with much acceptability for five years. At the same time, how-
ever, he was proparmg himself for the pursuit of the profession
to which he has since devoted his chief attention. He began
reading law in the office of Van Siclen, Gildersleeve & Baldwin.
Thence he went to Columbia College Law School, where he was
graduated in 1875. In the latter year he was admitted to practice
at the bar, but did not take advantage of that fact. He continued
his couuectiou with the above-mentioned law oflice for two
years more, at the same time preparing himself in the fullest
way for independent practice.

Mr. Greenbaum began the practice of the law in an office of
his own in 1877, and soon secm-ed a profitable patronage. Seven
years later he formed a partnership with Daniel P. Hays, which
he maintained until 1898, under the name of Hays & Greenbaum,
afterward Hays, Greenbaum & Hershfield. This copartnership
was dissolved on May 1, 1901. His firm enjoyed a high rank in
the legal profession of New York, and had an extensive, varied,
and lucrative practice. Its practice was general in nature, com-
prising real estate, insurance, banking, bankruptcy, patent, and

137

138 SAMUEL GREENBAUM

commercial and corporation law, in all of which branches Mr.
Greenbaum is himseK proficient. He has personally been
counsel in numerous important cases, including that of the
diamond-cutters, in which the United States contract labor law
was involved. The firm was counsel, also, for General Daniel E.
Sickles, as Sheriff of the County of New York, and it was under
its suggestion and advice that he effected a general reform of
the Sheriff's office on lines afterward approved and made per-
manent by State legislation. ISir. Greenbaum resumed the
practice of his profession alone, with marked success.

Apart from his arduous professional work, Mr. Greenbaum
has found time to interest himself largely and effectively in
various educational enterprises and movements for social reform.
Thus he was one of the founders of the Aguilar Free Library, of
which he is president. He was also one of the founders of the
Educational Alliance, of which he is vice-president. He was
prominent and particularly efficient in the work of erecting the
fine building occupied by the latter organization. He has been
president, also, of the Young Men's Hebrew Association, and
has identified himself with other organizations and movements
for the public good.

Mr. Greenbaum, previous to 1901, had held and had sought no
political office, and had taken no active part in partizan politics.
In the fall of that year he accepted a non-partizan nomination
for justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York on
the "Fusion" ticket, and was elected, polling the largest vote on
his ticket He has not become known as a "club-man" in
the ordinary sense of the term ; he is, however, a member of
the Reform Club, the Lawyers' Club, and many eleemosynary
organizations, besides the Bar Association.

He was mamed, on March 13, 1888, to Miss Selina Ullman,
daughter of Israel Ullman of New York, and has two sons and
two daughters.

ISAAC JOHN Or.EENWOOD

UT prosim,"' — " May I do good," — was used long since by
the Greenwoods of Norwich, England, as their motto, and
still continues to their descendants a verbal inspiration. The
family, a branch of the Grreenwoods of Yorkshu-e, was descended
from Guiomar de Greeuwoode of Greenwood Lee (near Hepten-
stall), achatoiu" to the household of Maud "the Empress,"
mother of Henry II of England. Nathaniel Greenwood, the son
of Miles Greenwood, was born in Norwich, in 1631 ; he it was who
transplanted the race to Auiei-ica, and died in 1684 in Boston,
Massachusetts, where he had been a ship-builder by trade, and a
selectman of the town. He married Mary AUen of Braintree,
Massachusetts. His son, Samuel Greenwood, also a ship-builder
and selectman, married Elizabeth Bi'onsdon of Boston. His
son, Isaac Greenwood of Boston, was one of the foremost makers
of mathematical instruments of his time, his services being
sought by Benjamin Franklin and other eminent men. He
maiTied Mary I'ans, a sister-in-law of Colonel Thomas Walker
of Montreal. His son, John Greenwood, served in both the
ai-my and the na\^' of the Revolution, and was afterward prom-
inent in New York as the " father of American dentistry." His
sou, Isaac John Greenwood, served in the Governor's Guard
(artillery) in the War of 1812, and then continued his father's
practice until 1839. His son, Isaac Greenwood, was gi-adiiated
at Harvard College in 1821, studied mathematics imder Dr. Dcs-
aguhers in London, and in 1827 became the first Hollis pro-
fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Harvard. He
manied Sarah Clarke, a niece of Cotton Mather's last wife. His
first wife, Sarah Yanderlioof Bogert, bore him three daughters ;
by his second wife, Mary McKay, daughter of John and Eliza-

139

14U ISAAC JOHN GREENWOOD

beth (Riddle) McKay of New York, lie had two sons, Isaac Joliu
Greenwood and the late Mr. Langdon Greenwood, who died in
January, 1900, at the age of sixty.

The elder of these sons, Isaac John Greenwood, horn in New
York city on November 15, 1833, entered Columbia College at
the age of sixteen years, and was graduated in the class of 1853,
Four years later he received the degree of A. M. From 1856 to
1861 he studied chemistry with Professor Robert Ogden Dore-
mus, and attended lectures at the New York Medical College.

Mr. Greenwood has throughout his life devoted much atten-
tion to the interests of learned and scientific societies. He was
in 1859 one of the original members of the American Numis-
matic and Archseological Society, and in 1864 was one of its
incorporators and its fii'st vice-president. He is a member of
the New York Historical, the New York Genealogical and Bio-
graphical, the American Geographical and Statistical, the Long
Island Historical, and the Dunlap societies in New York, and the
Prince Society of Boston, and is a corresponding member of the
Buffalo Historical Society, and the New England Historical and
Genealogical Society. He is also a member of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art and the American Museum of Natural History,
and the New York Botanical Garden and Zoological Garden
societies. His clubs are the Colonial and University of New
Yoi-k city. By vu-tue of his gTandfather's career he is a member
of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution. In rehgious mat-
ters he is identified with the Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church,
and is a member of its grand consistory.

Mr. Greenwood's wife, Mrs. Mary Agnes Greenwood, daughter
of Joseph and Eliza E. (Barnes) Rudd of New York, whom he
married in 1866, died in October, 1890, at the age of forty-four.
Mr. Greenwood's home is at No. 271 West End Avenue.

^,

JAMES BROWN MASON GROSYENOR

THE name of Grosvenor is a notable one in England, where it
is bonie by one of the richest and most aristocratic families
in the peerage. In this newer and greater England of the West,
as the United States has been called, the name is by no means
unknown. It is borne by men who have made their mark clear
and ineffaceable npon the record of the nation, and by some who
have fm'ther bestowed the name upon places created and devel-
oped by their enterprise and energy. Yon will find in Connec-
ticut, for example, a thriving town called Grosvenor Dale, which
takes its name from a master merchant who gave the place its
prosperity.

James Browni Mason Grosvenor is descended from a typical
New England family, identified with the maniifactiu'ing and
other interests of that region. His father was William Grosvenor,
a merchant and maniifaeturer of cotton goods at Grosvenor
Dale, Conn(^eticut, and liis mother was Rosa Anne Mason Gros-
venor, whose family name is also a conspicuous one in New
England annals. Chad Brown was also among his ancestors,
and others of them were prominent in the affairs of Rhode
Island and in the financial world of New York. He was born
at Pro%ndence, Rhode Island, on February 12, 1840, and was
educated at tbe University Grammar School in that city, at
Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and at Brown Uni-
versity, Providence, where he was a member of the class of 1862.

It liappened to Mr. Grosvenor, however, as to many other
young men at about the same time, that his career as a student
was interrupted by the rude clamor of war and by the calls of
his country. He was in the latter part of his junior year at
Br()\\ni University when Fort Sumter wa» fired upon. He de-

141

142 JAMES BBOWN MASON GROSVENOR

sired to finish liis course and take bis baccalaureate degree, which
be would have taken with honorable rank in bis class. But the
roar of the guns at Charleston di'ove studies from his mind. He
left college and joined the army. His first enlistment was in
the First Battery of Providence, and be remained in the Federal
service until the end of 1863.

Then be returned to civil life, but not to " academic shades."
Instead, be tui'ned bis attention immediately to practical busi-
ness pursuits. On January 1, 1864, be became a clerk in a dry-
goods commission house in New York city. There be remained
for three years. At the end of that period be transfeiTed bis
services to the firm of Leonard & Rhoades, also a dry-goods com-
mission house in New York. Of this latter bouse be became a
partner, the firm-name being changed to Leonard, Rhoades &
Grosvenor. In time the name became Rhoades & Orosvenor.
The next change was to Grosvenor & Co., and finally it was
known as Grosvenor & Carpenter. Under the last style it
closed up its affairs through voluntary liquidation on January
1, 1890. At that time Mr. Grosvenor retired from active busi-
ness life, to enjoy a well-earned leism-e amid the substantial
fruits of bis years of industry.

Mr. Grosvenor still retains, however, large proprietary and
investment interests in various companies, among them being
the Grosvenor Dale Company, of Grosvenor Dale, Connecticut,
the United States Casualty Company, and the Driggs-Seabury
Gun and Ammunition Company. Mr. Grosvenor is also a trus-
tee in the Greenwich Savings Bank of New York.

Mr. Grosvenor has never sought political office, contenting
himself with faithful perfonnance (if the duties of a piivate
citizen. He is a member of the Union Club, the Racquet and
Tennis Club, the Ardsley Club, the New England Society, the
American Geographical Society, and the Metropolitan Museum
of Art. He was married, on January 22, 1896, to Minna Jeanne
Liideling, daughter of the late Hon. John T. Ludebng, Chief
Justice of the State of Louisiana.

-^?.^>_-l

^

JAMES DUNCAN HAGUE

THE subject of this sketch traces Ms paternal ancestry to
William Hague, a Baptist minister of Yorkshire, England,
and, through his father's maternal ancestry, to Joseph Pell, the
fourth and last lord of Pelham Manor, in Westchester County,
New York, who came fi-om a long line of Enghsh ancestors. He
is about one thirty-second American Indian, the daughter of a
reigning chief in Westchester having been the wife of the third
lord of Pelham Manor. He traces his maternal ancestry to
the famihes of Moriarty, Bowditch, Mosley, and Crowninshield,
of English and German origin, early residents of Salem, Massa-
chusetts.

James Duncan Hague was born in Boston on February 24,
1836, the son of the Rev. William Hague and Mary Bowditch
Moriarty Hague. He attended school at Boston, and Newark,
New Jersey, and entered the Lawrence Scientific School of Har-
vard in 1854. The next year he went to Gottingen, Germany,
and studied chemistiy and mineralogy in the university for a
year, and then to the Royal School of Mines at Freiberg, Saxony,
where he studied mining engineering for two years.

Returning to New York, he was sent, early in 1859, to examine
Pacific islands in search of phosphatic guano or other resources.
He tlms spent thi-ee years. In 1862-63 he spent some months in
the United States naval service at Port Roj^al, South Carolina, as
judge advocate. In 1863 he undertook the management of
some copper-mines on Lake Superior, and participated in the
discovery and development of the famous Calumet and Hecla
and other mines. In 1866 he received an appointment as pro-
fessor of mining engineering in the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, which he declined two years later, without having

l-i3

144 JAMES DUNCAN HAGUE

entered upon its duties. In tlie same year he went to the West
Indies to examine phosphatic guano deposits there. In 1867 he
became assistant geologist of the United States Geological
Siu'vey of the Fortieth Parallel, and made an exhaustive report,
which was published by the government. After re^dsiting
England in 1871 he went to California, and for seven years was
engaged as a consulting expert in mining enterprises. During
this period his services were sought by foreign governments or
private capitalists in China, Japan, India, and South America.
His other engagements caused him to decline many such apph-
cations, as well as an appointment as juror at the Centennial
Exposition at Philadelphia. He was a commissioner to and
juror at the Paris Exposition of 1878, and made a report on
mining industries represented there, which was published by the
United States government. Since 1879 he has been engaged in
the practice of his profession as a geologist and mining engineer,
in New York. In 1892 he visited southern Europe, and exam-
ined some of the chief mines of Spain and also briefly visited
North Africa. In 1893 he went to Ecuador to inspect some gold-
mining properties. In late years he has been professionally
concerned in some of the chief gold-, silver-, and copper-mines of
the West. He is personally interested as a proprietor in mines
in California. Besides the reports ah'eady mentioned, Mr. Hague
has wi'itten many articles for the leading magazines and reviews.
Mr. Hague is a member of the Metropolitan, Century, Union
League, and Down-Town clubs of New York, the Union Club
of Boston, and the Pacific Union Club of San Francisco. He
belongs also to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American
Museum of Natural History, and the American Geographical
Society. He was married, in 1872, to Miss Mary Ward Foote of
Guilford, Connecticut, a daughter of George A. Foote, who was
the brother of the mother of Henry Ward Beecher and Harriet
Beecher Stowe. Mrs. Hague died in 1898, leaving two daugh-
ters, Marian and Eleanor, and one son, WiUiam Hague.

GEORGE M. IIAHN

THERE are few fields of business enterprise and industry
in wbicli careers are more interesting to regard, and we
might add more instructive to study, than that which is afforded
by the tinancial center of the Western world, comprehensively
known as Wall Street. There some of the most meteoric and
spectacular successes have been attained. There some of the
most disastrous failm-es have occurred, with sudden wreck and
ruin. There, too, some of the most substantial fortimes have
been amassed by slow and steady growth along priident and
conservative lines. In fact, Wall Street is the whole business
world in epitome. There is no process that is not to be found
reflected there.

In like manner, Wall Street engages aU kinds of talent and
energy. The lawyer, the inventor, the manufactm-er, all find
in it opportunity for the exercise of their special abilities. One
operator displays the temperament of a statesman, another that
of a military leader, a third that of the pioneer colonist. Some
act through intuition, some upon mature judgment after full
investigation. Caution and rashness, timidity and valor, opti-
mism and pessimism, are all commingled there in the great whirl
and rush of the mill in whieli fortunes are made and lost, and
the business of a continent largely controlled.

It is to be observed, too, that men enter upon the operations
of Wall Street under vastly varying circmnstances. Some go
there poor, to become rich. Some go there rich, to increase
their wealth. Some are young, and grow up with the Street.
Some do not go thither iintil they are far on in the ebb of Ufe.
The example at present under consideration is one of those who

145

146 GEORGE M. HAHN

began in Wall Street at an early age and with slender means,
and who have achieved a goodly measure of success.

A typical representative of the energy, enterprise, and success
of the yoimger generation of New York business men is found
in George M. Hahn, broker and financier, of Nos. 2 and 4 Wall
Street. He was born in New York city in 1858, and was edu-
cated in its public and private schools. At an early age he
entered the Street, and has been engaged in its fascinating
operations ever since.

He began work in the world of finance chiefly on liis own
responsibility and on his own not too ample resources. Energy,
integrity, and shrewdness were his most valuable capital, and
they served to yield him handsome profits.

Seven or eight years ago he emerged from the subordinate
position in which he had at first been employed, as the head
of a fine establishment of his own. His success since that time
has been noteworthy, and it has been so substantial and so well
founded upon business integrity as to reflect the highest credit
upon the man who has achieved it. His business comprises
the buying and sclhng of the choicest lines of securities in the
market, not only for speculation, but for permanent investment.

He has paid little attention to politics, apart from the duties
of a private citizen. Neither has he made himself conspicuous
in clul) life, though he is a member of several first-class organi-
zations. Among these are the New York Athletic Club, Pales-
tine Commandery of Knights Templar, and Mecca Temple of the
Mystic Shrine.

He was married some years ago in this city to Miss Kitty
Hardy.

JAMES HOOKER HAMERSLEY

'TTIHE claims of long descent" are not an empty fiction. Even
JL in this land it is yet impossible to ignore family distinction,
or to regard without interest the progress of successive genera-
tions of one stock from eminence in the Old World, through
loyal distinction in the New, to the highest woi-th in the latest
and present members. Such a family is that of which James
Hooker Hamersley is the present representative.

The paternal side of the house is traced back to Hugo le Kinge,
who went fi'om Provence, France, to England about 136G and
acquired a large estate, which was named Hamersley. Sir Hugh
Hamersley, a gi'eat merchant in the East and West Indies trade,
was Lord Mayor of London in 1627. His great-grandson, William
Hamersley, was an officer in the British navy. He settled in
New York about 1716 and planted his family here. He was a
leading merchant of this city and a vestiyman of Trinity Church.
His son, Andrew Hamersley, was an important merchant and
landowner in this city, and Hamersley Street, now West Houston
Street, was named for him. He manied Margaret Stelle, a grand-
daughter of Thomas Gordon, one of the original proprietors of
New Jersey, and chief justice of that State. They had three sons,
William, Thomas, and Lewis Carre, and two daughters, Elizabeth
and Lueretia. Tlie third of these sons married Eliz.abeth Finney
of Virginia, and had one daughter, who never married, and two
sons, Andrew Gordon and John William. Of these two sons,
the elder, Andrew Gordon, was a lawyer and an attache of the
American Legation in Paris under Mr. Rives. He man-ied
Sarah Mason and had one son, Louis Carre, who married Lily
Price, daughter of Commodore Price, U. S. N. The last-named

147

148 JAMES HOOKER HAMEESLEY

lady, after her husband's death, manied the Duke of Marl-
borough, and now, by her thii-d marriage, is Lady Beresford.
The younger son of the first Lewis Carre Hamersley, John Wil-
hani Hamersley, was educated at Columbia College, practised
law with success, traveled widely, and devoted much attention
to rehgious and literary work. He was a founder of the Union
Club and a member of the Century Club and St. Nicholas
Society. He was conspicuously concerned in persuading Con-
gress to recognize the Mexican republic, and in encouraging
the Mexicans to throw off the French-Austrian yoke. Captain
Mayne Reid made him the hero of his novel, "• The Lone Ranch."
Mr. Hamersley married Miss Catherine Livingston Hooker,
daughter of Judge James Hooker of Poughkeepsie, and had
one son, James Hooker Hamersley, the subject of this sketch,
and three daughters : Virginia, the wife of Cortlandt de Peyster
Field ; Catherine Livingston, the wife of John Henry Livingston,
great-grandson of Chancellor Livingston ; and Helen Reade,
wife of Charles D. Stickney, Jr.

Other ancestors of James Hooker Hamersley were Joseph
Reade, one of the Provincial Council of New York, from whom
Reade Street took its name ; Robert Livingston, member of the
Colonial Assembly, and founder of Livingston Manor on the
Hudson River ; Pilyp Pieterse van Schuyler, captain in provin-
cial forces in 1667 ; Brant Arentse Van Schlictenhorst, Governor
of the colony of Rensselaerwyck in 1648 ; Thomas Hooker, one
of the founders of Connecticut ; and Henry Beekman, who ob-
tained from Queen Anne a grant of a large tract of land in
Dutchess Coimty, a portion of which is in Mr. Hamersley's
possession, and has always been owned by the family since the
original grant.

James Hooker Hamersley was born in New York city on
January 26, 1844. He was first sent to school in Paris, France,
afterward at the Poughkeepsie Collegiate Institute, and finally
at Coliunbia College. He was graduated with high honors and
was a (iommencement orator in 1865, then entered the Law
School of Columbia, and was there graduated in 1867. He then
studied law further in the office of James W. Grerard, then a
leader of the New York bar, and was admitted to practice at the
bar. From his Alma Mater he received the degrees of A. B. and

JAMES HOOKEK HAMEKSLEY 149

A. M. For about ten years he practised his profession with
success. Ho was connected with a number of eases of the
highest importance, iuckiding that concerning the opening of
Chiu'ch Street in this city, in which he was defeated in the
lower coiu'ts, but which he persistently earned from one tribunal
to another, until at last the Court of Appeals gave a unanimous
decision in his favor.

He retired from the bar to manage his own large estate, and
to devote his attention to travel, literature, and philanthropic
works. At one time he planned a public career. He was sent
to the Republican State Convention in 1877, and later was
nominated for the State Assembly in the Eleventh District, but
withdrew in favor of his friend William Waldorf Astor, to whose
success at the polls he largely contributed. For many years he
was a director of the Knickerbocker Fire Insm-ance Company.
He has made numerous voyages to Em-ope, and has traveled
from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Ocean. Before he was
twelve years old he had climbed Vesuvius afoot, seen several
crowned heads and nearly a score of European capitals, and been
presented to Pope Pius IX. A lover of books, he possesses a
fine library and spends much time therein. His contributions
to ciirrent literatiu'e have been numerous in poetry and prose,
on topics connected with travels, religion, poUtics, and others
that are of living interest to the age in which he lives. It is for
his poems, however, that he will be best known and longest re-
membered. A charming volume of these was published in 1898,
entitled " The Seven Voices," to wit : the Voice of Cupid ;
Voice from Rivers, Lakes, and Moimtains ; Voice from the Sea ;
Voice fi'om Foreign CUmes; Voice of the Past; Voice of the
Future ; and Voice from Everywhere. These topics show the
range of Mr. Hamersley's literary interest. Among the most
popular of the poems are "The Countersign," "Yellow Roses,"
"Fog Curtain," "The Midnight Sun," " Ronkonkoma,"
" Masconomo," and " Voice of the Breakers."

The appearance of this volume was hailed with a choi-us of
critical commendation from many sources. " Mr. Hamersley has
an ear for melody and a facihty m rhyming," said the " New
York Herald." " I praise Mr. Hamersley as a poet first of all,"
said the " Home Journal's" reviewer, "because he is simple and

250 JAMES HOOKER HAMERSLEY

unaffected, the sentiment of the verses pure and sweet. In
this heaiitiful volume Mr. Hamersley has strewn the trail of his
travels from the ever-imposing Hudson, over the sea, to many
'an old poetic mountain,' with flowers of thought as sweet as
those ' Yellow Roses ' of which he sings. But there are many
poems in this volume which will give keen pleasiu'e. ... I do
not believe any New-Yorker can read his 'Voice on the Hudson
and Adirondacks ' without an answering throb." " Mr. Hamers-
ley's verse," said the "Buffalo Express," "is fluent and musi-
cal," "He has the true poetic instinct," said the "New York
Observer." " A collection of sweet, tender, and noble lines,"
said the "Boston Grlobe."

Mr. Hamersley is a member of many important social organi-
zations, among them being the University, Metropolitan, City,
and Badminton clubs, the St. Nicholas Society, the Sons of the
Revolution, the Society of Colonial Wars, the New York His-
torical Society, the New York Law Institute, the American
Greographical Society, and the Knickerbocker Bowling Club, of
which latter he is president. He is a member of the executive
committee of the Twenty-third Street branch of the Young
Men's Christian Association, \T.ce-president of the Babies' Hos-
pital, an honorary manager of the Protestant Episcopal Society
for Seamen, and is interested in many other benevolent works.

He was manied, on April 30, 1888, to Miss Margarent WiUiug
Chisolm, a daughter of William Eddings Chisolm, who was a
member of a distinguished South Carolina family. Mrs. Ham-
ersley's mother was a daughter of John Rogers, an honored
citizen of New York, as a memorial to whom the Protestant
Episcopal Chiu'ch of the Holy Communion was built by his
widow. Mrs. Hamersley is also a grand-niece of Wilham
Augustus Muhlenberg, the famous Protestant Episcopal preacher
and writer, and founder of St. Luke's Hospital. Her charming
disposition, fine culture, and benevolent heart have made Mrs.
"Hamersley equally a favorite in society and a fellow-worker with
lier husband in his philaiithropic efforts. Mr. and Mrs. Ham-
ersley have had three children : Margaret Rogers, who died in
infancy, Catherine Livingston, born on May 8, 1891, and Louis
^Oordou, born on July 20, 1892.

CHARLES AUGUSTUS HARNED

AMONG the comrades of William Penn in his settlement in
J^\- this country were tliree brothers named Harned. They
were fellow-memhers with him of the Society of Friends, and came
hither to escape from the persecution that was directed at their
faith. They settled at the place now known as Woodhridge, in
New Jersey, and there their descendants have largely made their
homes. One son of the family three generations ago went to
Richmond, Vu-ginia, and settled there, and there his son and
that son's son were born. The last-mentioned descendant,
Samuel Walker Hamed, was a ship-builder. He married a young
lady of Newark, New Jersey, and hved for some time at Port
Byron, New York.

Charles Augustus Hamed was born of this parentage, at Port
Byron, on March 30, 1840. He was entered as a student at the
Boys' Academy and Normal School at Albany, but at an early
age was compelled to leave school and work for a living. This
was before he was fairly " in his teens." He worked for Hugh
J. Hastings in the office of the Albany "Knickerbocker" news-
paper. At fifteen he was employed in the office of the New
York Central Railroad at Albany. Then, while on leave of ab-
sence fi'om that place, through the influence of Thurlow Weed
he secm-ed a place as page in the State Assembly for half a
term. On account of his intelligence, industry, and general
merits he was reappointed for the remaining half of that term.
Then he went back to the railroad office. In 1858 he again got
leave of absence, and improved it by secm-ing, through Gideon J.
Tucker, Secretary of State, the appointment of messenger and
secretary to Thomas J. Alvord, Speaker of the Assembly, in
which place he was industrious and capable, and received one

151

152 CHAELES AUGUSTUS HAKNED

hundred dollars pay for extra services. At the end of the session
he returned to the raih'oad, and then, in 1859, came to this city.

His first work here was as shipping- clerk in the office of G. W.
Powers & Co. A month later he was made receiving-clerk also,
and at the end of five months more he resigned the places
and went to Savannah, Gleorgia, to seek railroad employment.
Finding no suitable place open, he went into the trading and ex-
press business. This was interrupted by the Civil War. He
found that he must either cast in his lot with the secessionists or
come North. He chose the latter, and returned to New York.

He had only twenty-six dollars when he arrived here, and was
hxmgry. But he would not ask for aid, but only for employ-
ment. This he found at last in a butter store, where he worked
day and night, Sundays and holidays, and got five dollars a week.
After eleven months he left the place because his employer would
not increase his salary, and got into the Appraiser's stores, and
then the United States Weigher's ofi[ice,but after a brief experience
there he decided to set up in business for himself. In 1869,
shortly before "Black Friday," he began in Wall Street. By hard
work he made enough to buy himself a seat in the Stock Exchange
in 1871. Since that time he has been steadily and successfully
operating in Wall Street. He has passed through several serious
panics in the Street, but has never failed to meet all his obhga-
tions, and has always commanded the respect and confidence of
all with whom he has come in contact.

Mr. Harned is a member of Ivanhoe Lodge, F. and A. Masons,
and was the Master thereof in 1873 and 1874. He was married
at Albany, in 1863, to Miss Carohne L. Barnard, by whom he has
had eight children. Of these, six are now living : Mrs. Carrie H.
Birdseye, Mrs. Daisy H. Freeman, Miss Mamie Harned, Miss
Grace Harned, Miss Jennie Harned, and Norman Harned.

EDWARD BASCOMB HARPER

MORE than thi-ee centuries ago Sii* William Harper was Lord
Mayor of London. He was a member of a family already
honored and worthy of honors in England. In a later genera-
tion some of its members emigrated to this New England of the
West and settled in Delaware. There, in Kent County, in the
early half of the century, lived Charles Harper, a merchant well
known for his ability and integrity. He was married to Martha
Hardcastle, a member of an excellent Southern family settled
in Maryland, and to them was born on September 4, 1842, a son,
to whom they gave the name of Edward Bascomb.

When the boy was only thirteen years old he was left father-
less, and the estate was not large. Therefore he promptly set
out to earn his own li\dng and at the same time to educate him-
self. For six years he was a clerk in a store at Dover, Delaware.
Then, young as he was, he organized a company of troops for
the Federal Army in the Civil War. For some reason it was
not accepted, and young Harper thereupon went back to his
preparation for a business career. After a brilliant career as
student in a business college, he entered a Philadelphia banking
house, and was rapidly advanced tlirough successive grades until
he was the firm's chief manager.

In 1868 IVIi'. Harper tm'ned his attention to life-insurance, in
which important business his best work was thereafter to be
done. His first woi-k was done as Western manager of the
Commonwealth Company of New York, in which he was so suc-
cessful that he was quickly promoted to the place of general
supeiintendent. He remained with that company until it went
out of existence. Then other places were offered to him on
every hand. He accepted that of New York manager of the

103

154 EDWARD BASCOMB HAEPEE

John Hancock Company of Boston, and in it achieved further
success. He induced the company, for the first time in America,
to adopt the " prudential," or " industrial," system of insurance
for people of small means, a system which has since attained
enormous proportions.

In 1880 Mr. Harper severed his connection with the John
Hancock Company and earned into effect his long-cherished
scheme of founding a new company on a purely "mutual"
basis, with no stock-holders nor trustees save the policy-holders
themselves, among whom all the profits of the business should
be divided. It was to be a cooperative organization, insuring
the lives of members at cost. The ventm'e was greeted by many
with ridicule and denunciation. But the rapid growth and vast
success of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association have
amply vindicated Mr. Harper's wisdom. On September 16, 1881,
]Mi'. Harper became president of the association, and held that
place until his death. In the first month of his presidency the
biisiness of the association amounted to $1,000,000. The month
before his death the new business of the home ofiice was nearly
$8,000,000, all claims were paid, and a reserve fiuid of nearly
$4,000,000 was on hand. The association had 100,000 members,
with over $300,000,000 insurance. Then, on July 2, 1895, Mr.
Harper died.

He had been a conspicuous force in poHtics on the Republican
side. He had reached the highest degree in Masonry. He was
an active member of the Baptist Church. He was a member of
the New York Board of Trade, and of the Constitution, Lotos,
Manhattan, Athletic, Arkwright, Church, and Patria clubs of
New York, of the New York Greographical Society, and of the
St. George's Club of London. He was married to Emma Uuder-
hill, a member of the distinguished Westchester County family
of that name.

Mr. Harper's remains are resting at Mount Hope, Westchester
County, New York.

«

MOllRIS TTEXRY IIAYMAN

THE cosmopolitau po])ulation of the United States, and
especially of its metropolis, is made up of people of every
tribe and nation, and from every land under the whole heavens.
There is no state, however ancient or however modem, or
great or small, or famous or obscui-e, that does not make its
contribution. The former duchy of Nassau in Genuany, since
1866 forcibly incorporated into the kingdom of Prussia, bears
one of the historic names of Europe. It has given also, through
the Netherlandish branch of its ducal family, its ancient name
to towns and streets and institutions of gTeat number in the
United States.

From the original duchy of Nassau not a few esteemed citi-
zens of the United States have come. Among them, in the last
generation, was Henry Hayman, who settled in the city of New
York and became a stable proprietor. He not only became a
thoroughly natm-alized and acclimated American, but he manied
an American wife, a native of New York, who had been educated
in the old Broome Street public school.

To Henry and Emma Hayman was born Morris Henry Hay-
man, in the city of New York, on March 5, 1864. He was
educated in the public schools of the city, attending at first
No. 40, and afterward the College of the City of New York,
.which forms the highest department of the public-school sys-
tem. Finally, adopting the law as his profession, he pursued a
course in the Law School of New York University.

During his student life, and prior to his successful entry upon
the practice of the law, Mr. Hayman was for a time engaged in
teaching in New York city.

Having successfully completed the iiiiiversity law course, Mr.

155

156 MOEKIS HEKRT HAYMAN

Hayman was admitted to the bar in 1888, and thereupon began
the practice of his chosen profession in New York. His practice
has been general in character, embracing nearly all departments
of litigation, and he has attained both prosperity and estimable
repute.

Mr. Hayman has held no pohtical o£Sce, and indeed has been
a candidate for none, preferring, at least for the present, to devote
his entu-e attention to the prosecution of his professional work.
He has, however, become interested in some business enter-
prises outside of his profession. He is now president of the
Golden Chest Mining Company, and also president of the
Columbian Land and Investment Company.

Mr. Hayman is not identified with many clubs or other social
organizations. Among those with which he is connected is the
Progress Club, of which he is financial secretary.

He was married in New York, on April 17, 1892, to Miss
Dora Docter of Port Henry, New York.

i

£^^vc

/:^o-i^.

FREDERICK ROWLAND HAZARD

FREDERICK ROWLAND HAZARD, who was born at Peace
Dale, Rhode Island, on June 14, 1858, is the son of Row-
land Hazard and Margaret Rood Hazard. His father, who died
in 1898, was a prominent manufacturer of woolen goods, trea-
surer of the Peace Dale Manufacturing Company, and president
of the Solvay Process Company, makers of alkali. Mr. Hazard
is a brother of Rowland Oibson Hazard, Miss Caroline Hazard,
president of Wellesley College, Mrs. N. T. Bacon of Peace Dale,
Rhode Island, and Mrs. Ir\'ing Fisher of New Haven, Connecti-
cut. He is a grandson of Rowland Gibson Hazard, author of
" Hazai'd on the Will " and other works, and a descendant of
Thomas Hazard, who came from England and settled at Boston
in 1635.

Mr. Hazard received in his youth a liberal education. He
attended elementary schools at Peace Dale and Kingston, Rhode
Island, and the Providence English and Classical School. Thence,
in 1877, he went to Brown University, from which he was gi'ad-
uated in 1881 with the degree of A. B. Three years later he
received the degree of A. M. in course, having meantime given
more than a j^ear to special chemical work, partly at the French
chemical works of Solvay et Cie., at Dombasle, near Nancy. On
retuiTdug to the United States in the spring of 1884, he went
to SjTacuse, New York, and there became assistant treasm-er of
the Solvay Process Company, manufacturers of alkali. During
1881-83 he was connected with the Peace Dale Maiiut'actm*-
ing Company as a student of the woolen manufacturing industry.

The practical business career of Mr. Hazard began in May,
1884, with his connection with the Solvay Process Company, at
Syracuse. The early history of that company is one of experi-

157

158 FREDERICK ROWLAND HAZARD

ment and struggles. It had to adapt principles and apparatus
to new and unknown conditions, and in so doing now and then
met with failure, though in the long run it made successful
progress. In all this work Mr. Hazard was prominently associ-
ated with W. B. Cogswell, the treasurer and general manager.
In 1890 he succeeded Mr. Cogswell as treasurer, the latter re-
maining general manager. The business of the company steadily
increased, and at present its daily output at Syracuse is about
six hundred tons of alkali, and at Detroit, where it has branch
works, five hundred tons. The capital has been increased from
three hundred thousand dollars to five million dollars, and the
number of employees from less than two hundred to more than
forty- five hundred. Mr. Hazard became president of this com-
pany upon the death of his father in 1898.

In addition Mr. Hazard has been, since 1888, a director and
treasurer of the Split Rock Cable Road Company of Syracuse ;
since 1889 a director and treasurer of the Tully Pipe Line Com-
pany of Syi'acuse ; since 1892 a du'ector of the Commercial
National Bank of Syracuse ; since 1894 a director and treasurer
of the Semet Solvay Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania;
since 1896 a director of the First National Bank of Syracuse ;
and since 1898 a director of the Peace Dale Manufacturing Com-
pany of Peace Dale, Rhode Island. He has held no public
office save that of President of the village of Solvay, near Syra-
cuse, since its organization in 1894. He makes his home in that
village, and has there a fine farm. He is a member of the Uni-
versity, Citizens', and Syracuse clubs of Syracuse ; the Univer-
sity and Transportation clubs and the DowTi-Town Association
of New York ; the Detroit Club of Detroit, Michigan ; and the
American Chemical Society, the American Cleographical Society,
and the American Society of Mining Engineers.

Mr. Hazard was married on May 29, 1886, at Syracuse, to
Miss Dora Grannett Sedgwick, daughter of the Hon. Charles B.
Sedgwick of that city. He has three daughters and two sons.

^^^^^z

3

GEORGE JACOB HELMER

AMONG the foremost praetitioucrs of the new branch of
jLA_ the heaUng art which bears the name of osteopathy is Dr.
George Jacob Helmer of New York. He is a Canadian by
nativity, having been born at Williamsburg, Ontario, on January
21, 1866, the son of Z. E. and Angeline Hollister Helmer. His
grandparents on both sides of the family wcn-e of German origin,
and moved into Canada from New York State about 1812. He
received a good education at local schools, and then left his
father's farm for mercantile life. For a time he was shipping-
clerk and salesman for fimis at St. Paul, Minnesota, and travel-
ing salesman for large factories at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In
the meantime his inclinations were tiu^ning more and more
strongly toward the medical profession, and he began, while
pursuing his mercantile career, to prepare himself to enter a
medical college.

Just as he was about to enter a medical college at St. Louis,
Missouri, however, osteopathy was brought to his attention. A
member of his family, whom other physicians had failed to cure,
led him to investigate it. He was profoundly impressed with
the theory and practice, and determined to devote himself to its
study. Dr. Helmer says : " The science of osteopathy depends
upon the principles of anatomy and physiology for its results.
It is a science of treating disease without dnigs or knife, dis-
covered in 1874 by Dr. A. T. Still. It is based on the principle
that disease is caused by some part of the human mechanism
being out of proper adjustment, namely, misplaced bone, carti-
lage, ligament, adhesions, muscular contractions, etc., resulting
in unnatiiral pressure on, or obstruction to, nerve, blood, or
lymph so essential for the vitality, nutrition, and the perform-

159

150 GEOKCtE JACOB HELMER

ance of the normal function of eacli and every part of the human
organism. By means of a thorough knowledge of the human
mechanism and a highly developed sense of touch, the osteopath,
through the agencj' or use of the bones (especially the long ones
which he uses as levers), correctly adjusts the misplaced parts,
reestablishing the freedom of action of all fluids, forces, or sub-
stances pertaining to life."

He entered the American School of Osteopathy at Earksville,
Missouri, and there, on March 2, 1886, was graduated with the
degree of D. O., or Doctor of Osteopathy. At that time oste-
opathy was nowhere legally recognized, and the practice of it
was not sanctioned in any State of the Union. Dr. Helmer first
went to Colorado and began his practice. Although he met
with success there, he came East after six months to fvilfil a pre-
vious engagement, and settled at Chelsea, Vermont. There also
he was successful in practice, but he found himself strongly op-
posed by the " regular " schools of medicine. A bill was intro-
duced into the Legislature prohibiting the practice of osteopathy
in Vermont. Dr. Helmer hastened to Montpeher, and at a
public hearing discussed the matter before the Legislature to
such effect that not only was the hostile bill dropped, but another
was passed recognizing and officially sanctioning the practice of
osteopathy in that State.

Dr. Helmer came to New York on January 5, 1897, and estab-
hshed himself in that city as a practitioner of osteopathy. He
has met with much prosperity, and has, by his example and his
writings, contributed much to the extension of the practice. He
is president of the New York State Society of Osteopathists, a
prominent member of the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Osteopathy, being one of its fli'st officers, a member of
the Medical Relief Society of New York city, and also of the
Order of Odd Fellows and the Royal Arcanum.

Dr. Helmer is a member of the Madison Avenue Baptist
Cbureh. He is married and has twin daughters. May and
Katherine.

C(ccC c . . , , ,./^ {^„ (^ /./^

■/

CECIL CAMPBELL HIGGINS

CECIL CAMPBELL HIGGINS, at one time an influential
political leader, long a successful lawyer, and a popular
club-man in two countries, is descended on the paternal side
from a family which came fi'om England and settled in Virginia
and Maryland more than two and a haht centuries ago, and for
many generations were prosperous planters in those States. On
his mother's side he comes fi-om the Scotch family of Campbell,
one of the most illustrious in Scotland, the Scotch-Irish family
of Butler, also eminent, the Enghsh family of Stearns, and the
French Huguenot family of Sigoumey, all of which settled at
Oxford, Massachusetts. His mother's maiden name was Celia
Campbell. His father was Samuel Hale Higgins, D. D., a well-
known preacher and theologian.

Mr. Higgins was bom on August 28, 1850, at Eoxbiu-y, Massa-
chusetts, now an important part of the city of Boston. He
received a careful education in primary and preparatory schools,
and was then matriculated at Princeton College, New Jersey.
There he pursued the regular collegiate course with distinction,
and was gi*aduated with the degi'ee of B. A. in 1871. Selecting
the legal profession as his occupation in life, he then came to
New York and entered the Law School of Colmnbia College,
under Professor Theodore W. Dwight. There he was successful
as a student, and was graduated with the degree of LL. B. in
1873. The next year he received the degree of M. A. from
Princeton.

On leaving the Columbia Law School Mr. Higgins was ad-
mitted to practice at the bar. He entered the office of Colonel
George Bliss, who was at that time United States attorney for
the Southern District of New York, and there rapidly developed

161

162 CECIL CAMPBELL HIGGINS

facility in the practical application of the legal principles with
which he had familiarized himself in the law school. Later he
entered the office of John L. Cadwalader, and when the latter
accepted the office of Assistant Secretary of State under Secre-
tary Hamilton Fish, Mr. Higgins became managing clerk in the
office of Messrs. Eaton & Tailer, commencing practice a few
months later. His career as a lawyer has throughout been
marked with great success.

Mr. Higgins has not recently taken an active part in political
affairs. He was formerly for some years a leader of the Demo-
cratic party in the old Seventh Assembly District, there being
associated with his kinsman, Peter B. Olney, Judge Martin T.
McMahon, and other prominent men. Later he was one of the
committee appointed by the Young Men's Democratic Club to
confer with the so-called Brunswick Hotel Conmiittee in organ-
izing and pei'fecting the movement out of which gi-ew the
County Democracy. He was the secretary of the meeting at
Cooper Union at which the Committee of Fifty was appointed
for the purpose of reforming the Democratic party of this city,
and was himself a member of that committee.

He has long been a prominent club-man. For nearly twenty-
five years he has been a member of the Union League Club of
this city. He was one of the active movers in the reorganization
and revival of the University Club. He is also a member of the
Westchester Historical Society and other organizations in and
near New York, and of the St. George's Club, Hanover Square
Loudon, England.

Mr. Higgins was married, on September 17, 1887, to Miss Susan
Rush of Philadelphia. She is a daiighter of Colonel Richard
Henry Rush, who was a son of Richard Rush, a grandson of
the famous Dr. Benjamin Rush, and a great-grandson of Richard
Stockton of New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Higgins have one son,
Campbell Higgins, and one daughter, Celia Campbell Higgins.

(5543

FERDINAND TTTIlSCn

rilHE " Nestor of the cisar trade " of the United States, as he
J- has widely been called, David HLrsch, is a nativi> of Rastatt,
iu the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany. At the age of nine-
teen he entered the Austrian army, in which he served as a
captain. In middle life he came to the United States, settled
for a time at St. Louis, and then entered the Confederate service
in the Civil War. He was iu the first engagement of that war,
at Camp Jackson, Missouri, and later was provost-marshal at
Columbus, Kentucky. After the war he continued in the cigar
manufacturing business, in which he is still largely engaged.
His wife, Babette Hirsch, was born in Flehingeu, Baden.

Ferdinand Hirsch, son of this couple, was born at Flehingen,
Baden, on December 6, 1851, and was brought to this country in
early childhood. His education in school was limited because
of his o^m unwillingness to pursue his studies further. His
father wished him to become highly educated, and offered to
send him to the University of Cambridge, England, for five years.
The alternative was that he should go to work. He chose the
latter, and at the ago of thirteen began to learn the trade of a
cigar-maker. Then, before his seventeenth year, his father
sent liun " on the road " to sell cigars, and thus he traveled ex-
tensively throughout the coimtiy, as far south as Texas and as far
west as the Pacific Coast. He was a hard and conscientious
worker, dreading neither wind nor weather nor any other diflfi-
culties, and daunted b}^ no rivalry. Thus he attained the success
he deserved, and probably sold as many cigars in the years he
was thus employed as any other man in America.

After a few years in such service for his father, he became the
solo representative on the road of the great house of Straiton &

103

164 FEKDINAND HIESCH

Stomi, in which place he remained for a number of years. Fi-
nally, in July, 1883, he embarked in business on his own accoimt,
as a manufacturer of clear Havana cigars, in which he has ever
since been successfully engaged. He established his factory at
Key West, Florida, in 1885, and still maintains it at that place.

Mr. Hu'sch is president of the Ferdinand Hirsch Company of
New York and Key West ; president of the Khedivial Company,
cigarette manufacturers, Chicago, Illinois ; president of Celestine
Palacio & Co., New York and Key West, Florida; sole repre-
sentative in the United States and Canada of Henry Clay &
Bock & Co., Limited, of London, England, and Havana, Cuba,
which position he has filled for seventeen years ; and sole repre-
sentative of the Cigar and Tobacco Factories, Limited, of London
and Havana. The extent of his business may be estimated from
the fact that the yearly output of one of these concerns, Henry
Clay & Bock & Co., is 85,000,000 cigars and 1,200,000,000 ciga-
rettes.

The direction of the great business enterprises has proved
sufficient to satisfy Mr. Hu'sch's energies and ambition. He has
identified himself with no other important interests, and has held
and sought no political offices. Neither has he cared to spend
much time in nor to give much of his attention to clubs or other
social organizations. It is his pride to have attained a foremost
place in the trade with which he has so long been identified, and
to command a patronage that now emln'aces not only the North
American continent, but Europe, Africa, and Australasia.

Mr. Hirsch was mamed at St. Louis, Missom*i, on April 19,
1876, to Miss Minnie F. Hineman, who has borne him a daughter,
Effie Adelaide Hu'sch, and a son, Harvey Arthur Hu-sch.

^^^^-^ .

JOHN PHILIP HOLLAND

JOHN PHILIP HOLLAND, wliose name lias l)ocome known
throughout the world in connection with his invention of a
submarine boat calculated largely to revolutionize naval warfare,
is a true son of the Emerald Isle, and it is largely if not entirely
due to that fact that he is the inventor and promoter of the de-
vice which bears his name. He was born on February 24, 1841,
at Liscanor, County Clare, Ireland, the son of John and Mary
Holland, who came respectively from County Cork and County
Kerry. His education was acquired in the school of the Chris-
tian Brothers, Sexton Street, Limerick.

For twenty years Mr. Holland pursued the occupation of a
school-teacher. The first fifteen years were spent in Ireland.
Then he came to the United States, and for five years more
taught school in Paterson, New Jersey. Meantime he conceived
a deep interest in naval warfare, and studied naval architecture
and engineering. He was in Ireland during the Civil War in the
United States, but he watched with acute interest the develop-
ment of the iron-clad fighting-ship, and especially the epoch-
marking performance of the famous little Monitor, invented by
John Ericsson. Foreseeing that England woi;ld be Ww first na-
tion to take advantage of the lesson taught by the Monitor, and
being aware that as that countiy possessed unequal advantages
in materials and experience, her navy would soon become invin-
cible and she would be more fuinly established than ever as
mistress of the seas, he sought some device by which weak
maritime countries could protect themselves against armored
ships and defy the tp'anny of sea power.

He presently turned his attention to the fascinating plan of
submarine boats. That nlau liad been studied and tried without

165

166 JOHN PHILIP HOLLAND

success by various men before bis time, including an Englisb-
man of more tban tbree centriries ago, a Dutcbman of about tbe
same time, Busbuell of Connecticut, 1871, and Robert Fulton
himself. But Mr. Holland was not daunted by the failures of
others. In 1870 he began actual engineering and constmc-
tive work, which he continued with added energy when he came
to America. He first submitted his plans for a submarine boat
to the Navy Department in 1875, and built his first boat of that
type in 1877. This vessel was hampered with a useless engine,
and he decided to sink her as a failure and build another. The
first boat, however, gave him some useful ideas and experience,
and as a consequence his second boat, built in 1881, proved suc-
cessful and attracted much attention. Disagi'eement between
Mr. Holland and his partner led to the abandonment of the
vessel, however, and dissolution of the partnership. In 1886 Mr.
Holland joined forces with Captain E. L. Zalinski, the inventor
of the dynamite-gun, and a company was formed for the promo-
tion of the submarine boat. The rude experimental boat which
was made was wrecked, however, while being launched, and the
company was dissolved. Finally, a few years later, at the in-
stance of Commander W. W. KimbaU, U. S. N., another company
was formed, a contract was made with the government, and the
submarine boat Plunger was built. This was followed by the
more perfect ffolJand, the successful performances of which are
at the present time among the most interesting topics of consid-
eration before the naval experts of the world. Mr. Holland is
identified with the Holland Torpedo Boat Company and the
Electric Boat Company, which have in charge the promotion of
his invention.

He was married, on January 25, 1887, to Miss Margaret Foley
of Paterson, New Jersey, and has five children : John, Robert,
Julia, Joseph, and Margaret.

g>p

RICHARD ALEXANDER HUDNUT

THE ancestn- of Richard Alexander Hiidnut is English on
both sides of the house. His father's family came fi-om
England and settled at Princeton, New Jersey, about a hundred
years ago. There the family filled an important place in local
affairs, and the uncle and namesake of Mr. Hudnut's father,
Alexander Hucbiut, was Mayor of the borough of Princeton.
Mr. Hudnut's father, Alexander Hudnut, had a conspicuous
career in New York as proprietor of one of the best-known di-ug
stores in the city, which, on Broadway between Fulton and
Ann streets, was for many years a landmark. He some years
ago retired from active business life, and recently died at Brigh-
ton, England.

The maiden name of Mr. Hudnut's mother was Margaret
Parker. She was a daughter of Peter Parker, who had mamed
Rebecca Herbert.. Both the Parker and Herbert families are of
Enghsh origin, and are well known in the State of New Jersey,
in which they have held large landed estates, and have been
influential in social, industiial, and pohtical affairs since the
days of the Revolution. Mr. Hudnut's mother is now deceased.

Mr. Hudnixt was born in the city of Philadelphia on June 2,
1856. Soon thereafter the family removed to New York, and he
was educated in the schools of that city and in the Polytechnic
Institute, Brookljra.

At the age of eighteen years he left school and entered the
drug store conducted by his father in New York. There he made
a thorougli study of the drug business, and paid especial attention
to the chemistry and the manufacture of pei-fumes. He remained
in association with his father in that store imtil the latter's re-
tirement fi-om business and the closing of the famous store in 1889.

1G7

168 EICHABD ALEXANDEB HUDNUT

Mr. Hudniit made a proloBged visit to Europe, during which
he traveled widely, and made a careful study of the most
approved and successful methods of mauufactming perfumery.
Then, on his father's retirement, he opened the Richard Hudnut
Pharmacy (Incorporated), at No. 925 Broadway, New York. To
that establishment he has since devoted practically his entire
business attention.

While conducting a general pharmacy business of the best
kind, Mr. Hudnut's corporation, as might be supposed, makes a
specialty of the man^^facture and sale of perfumery. In that
industry nearly a himdred persons are employed, and the " Rich-
ard Hudnut Perfumes " are sold in all parts of the country, and
are recognized as of the highest standard of excellence, compet-
ing not only with the best American but with the best foreign
makes.

Mr. Hudnut has not engaged in politics, beyond discharging
the duties of a citizen, nor has he engaged conspicuously in any
other business undertakings. He is secretary and treasurer of
the Richard Hudnut Pharmacy (Incorporated), and gives his
time and energies to the promotion of its prosperity.

Mr. Hudnut was married in 1881, at St. Thomas's Church,
New York, to Evelyn I. Reals, daughter of Horace Reals, and
grand-niece of the late Hannibal Hamlin, formerly Vice-Presi-
dent of the United States. Horace Reals was a well-known
granite-quarry owner and the builder of many important public
buildings, including the custom-house and the post-ofi&ce in
New York and the post-office in Philadelphia.

Mr. and Mrs. Hudnut have no children.

i

>^il'

ROBERT n INTER

nj^^HE fauiily of Hunter is traced back in a direct line to tlie
X daj^s of William the Conqueror. Norman Hunter was one
of William's captains, and, after his king's death, was obhged to
flee to Scotland to escape the displeasiu'e of the tyi'annical Wil-
liam Rufus. He was granted lands by the Scottish king, and
built the castle of Hunterston in Ayrshire, which, with the
estates, has remained in the possession of the family for nearly
eight hundred years, without, it is said, ever lacking lineal repre-
sentative. From this prohfic stock many branches have sprung.
General Robert Hunterston founded the English branch which
gave to New York and New Jersey one of the ablest royal gover-
nors of colonial days. Robert Himter, Governor from 1710 to
1719, was a pioneer in inducing the settlement of Germans in
New York and Pennsylvania. He brought over a colony of two
thousand, and spent twenty thousand dollars of his private for-
tune in establishing and maintaining them. The Long Calder-
wood branch, founded by Francis Hunter of Hunterston, gave
to the world the famous surgeon, John Himter, who became
president of the Royal College of Sm-geons, surgeon to the king,
and surgeon-general of the British anny ; also William Hunter,
distinguished as a physician, at whose death, in 1798, Parliament
voted thirty-five thousand pounds for the pm'chase of his manu-
scripts and scientific works, which were deposited m the British
Museum.

Dr. Robert Hunter, the sul)ject of this sketch, was of the
English branch of the family, and was a lineal descendant of
Governor Hunter. His father. Dr. James Hunter, an Enghsh
physician and surgeon, with his wife, EUzabeth Story Hunter,
and a young family, removed to Canada in 1826. Dr. Hunter

169

170 ROBERT HUNTER

became an influential member of the Reform party of Upper
Canada, and entered actively into the struggle to obtain respon-
sible government, which culminated in the rebeUion of 1837.
Himself suspected of complicity. Dr. Himter was arrested and
tried for high ti-eason, but was honorably acquitted of the
charge. Disgusted with his Canadian experience, he moved to
Lewiston, Niagara County, New York, and became an American
citizen. Three of his sons were educated to the profession of
medicine.

The yoimgest, Robert, was born at Heaton Hall, near York,
England, on June 14, 1826. He attended school in Geneva,
New York, and began his medical studies under his father. He
was graduated from the Medical College of the University of the
City of New York, March 4, 1846, and went from it to London
and Paris for additional study. Returning to New York city, he
estabhshed himself in a practice which he continued uninter-
ruptedly for over fifty years.

He was always a radical and an original thinker on medical
subjects, and as early as 1850 openly repudiated the then uni-
versally acceijted theory of consumjition as an inherited disease
of the blood and the general system, contending, on the con-
trary, that it was a local disease of the hmgs acquired by colds.
He wrote a number of papers and monographs on lung diseases,
and estabhshed and edited the " Speciahsts' Journal of Diseases
of the Chest."

He introduced the practice of inhalation as the only rational
means of reaching the lungs with healing remedies, and invented
the first inhahng instrument ever employed for that purpose in
the profession. For forty years he gave his exclusive attention
to the lungs and their diseases, and had a record of over sixty
thousand cases treated by him. Since 1890 all of his doctrines
have been accepted, and are now taught in the medical schools
of all civilized countries.

Dr. Hunter was married, in 1846, to Miss Sarah Barton, daugh-
ter of the Rev. King Barton. They had a family of eight sons
and four daughters, all but five of whom survive. Dr. Hunter
died in 1899.

^ — ^'ry-O'^^c.^-^ Jr^Lj

E. FRANCIS HYDE

E FRANCIS HYDE, lawyer and financier, is descended
. from New England colonial stock. His first American
ancestors were William Hyde, who was one of the first settlers
of Hartford, Connecticut, in 1650, and, on the maternal side,
John Mead, an early settler at Grreenwich, Connecticut, in 1660.
His gi-eat -grandfather Captain James Hyde was an officer of
Connecticut troops in the Revolution, and was a grandson of
Samuel Lothrop, commander of a Connecticut regiment at the
siege and capture of Louisbm-g. Mr. Hyde's maternal grand-
father, Ralph Mead, with whom his father was associated in
l)usiness, was one of the foremost New York merchants of his
time.

IVIr. Hyde was born in New York on June 23, 1842, the son
of Edwin Hyde, and was educated partly in New Y^ork and
partly at Middleto^Ti, Connecticut. He was graduated from
the New York Free Academy, or College of the City of New
York, in 1861, and then entered the Law School of Columbia
College. In the interval between his two years in the Law
School he served for tliree months in the United States Army, in
Virginia. He was graduated in 1863, and entered the law office
of Enoch L. Fanchcr, where he remained for five years. By
that time he had built iip a large practice, and he formed a
partnership with his brother Clarence M. Hyde, which lasted
for many years and was marked with much prosperity in legal
practice, particularly in matters pertaining to corporations,
stocks, wiUs, and estates.

After a long career at the bar Mr. Hyde turned his attention
partly to finance. He was in 1886 elected a vice-president of
the Central Trust Company, and since that time has devoted

171

172 E. FRANCIS HYDE

himself largely to its affairs. The Central Trust Company, of
which he has now for so many years been an officer, is well
known as one of the foremost financial concerns in New York.

In addition to his arduous business undertakings, Mr. Hyde
has long taken an active and beneficent interest in musical
matters, and has been a valued patron of high-class orchestral
music. Since 185-1 he has been an attendant at the concerts of
the New York Philharmonic Society, and since 1888 he has
been president of that admirable organization. He is also a
fellow of the Philharmonic Society of London, being probably
the only American who has been elected to that honor. He has
accumulated one of the choicest musical libraries in America,
and at the semi-centennial anniversary of the Philharmonic
Society in 1892 he delivered a noteworthy address upon the
society and its work, in the Metropolitan Opera House in New
York. Theodore Thomas in 1896 orchestrated and dedicated to
Mr. Hyde one of Bach's violin sonatas, and the composition was
played by the Philharmonic Society with much approval in the
following season.

Mr. Hyde has paid much attention to benevolent and religious
work. Nearly thu-ty years ago he was chosen an elder in the
Presbyterian Church, and he is now a member of the Presby-
terian Board of Church Erection, and of the New York Sabbath
Committee, a manager of the American Bible Society, and a
trustee and treasurer of the Princeton Theological Seminary.
He is likewise identified with mimerous social organizations,
including among others the Metropolitan, Riding, Union League,
Republican, City, and Down-Town clubs of New York, the
Century Association, the Bar Association, the Order of the Sons
of the Revolution, and the Society of Colonial Wars.

Mr. Hyde was married, in 1868, to Miss Marie E. Brown,
daiaghter of Albert N. Brown, a prominent merchant of New
York.

<ss^

i^^

^a^

c.

CHAKLES CONOYER KALBFLEISCH

THE old doctrine of the perseverance of the saints finds a
worldly parallel in the perseverance of racial types and
names. The original Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam were
few in niiniber and conservative in manner. One might have
thought they would be quickly submerged, and lost in the vast
flood of English and others who presently flocked to New York.
But such was not the case. They amply held their own, and to
this day, while fully Ameiicanized in spirit and ambition, they
fonn a distinct and most vital element of our population. Dutch
families have maintained their names and individuahty, and,
instead of being dominated by the more numei'ous masses of
Dtliei' nationalities about them, have impi'essed themselves indel-
ibly upon the city and its life and institutions. There is no
element of our much-mixed nation, and especially of the su-
premely cosmopolitan city of New Y'ork, more worthy of note
for its energy, integiity, and strength in all good woi-ks, than
that which came from the stm'dy httle state on the shore of
the North Sea.

Not many families have come hither fi'om Holland in later years
to reinforce the Old Guard of original Knickerbockers. Those
few who have done so, however, amply mauitain the noble char-
acteristics of their predecessors. Among those who have come
during the present century, and have already put the stamp of
tiieir individuality iipon the society and business of their new
home, one of the foremost is the family of Kalbfleisch. It was
brought hither in the person of Mai'tin Kalbfleisch of Flushing,
Holland, who at the age of eighteen sailed for the Dutch East
Indies in an American ship, and was thus led to seek closer ac-
quaintance with this country, and finally to make it his home.

173

174 CHAELES CONOVEE KALBFLEISCH

He came hither iu 1826, being then twenty-two years old, and
soon began the manufacture of chemicals in the upper part of
New York city. His business outgrew its first quarters, and
he removed first to Connecticut, and then to Greenpoint, Long
Island. In the latter place he estabhshed, in 18-42, works which
soon became one of the most important of the kind in the whole
country. He made his home in Brooklyn, and was twice Mayor of
that city. Representative in Congress, and one of the leaders of
the city in business enterprises and in numerous movements for
the public good.

Martin Kalbfleisch manned Elizabeth Harvey, a lady of Eng-
lish birth, and had several sons, who continued his business in
the firm of Martin Kalbfleisch's Sons. One of them, Charles
Henry Kalbfleisch, married Josephine Conover of New York,
and had a son and a daughter. The daughter is now married
to John Howard Adams of New York. The son was bom in
New York, on July 30, 1868, and was named Charles Conover
Kalbfleisch. He was educated at Columbia University and
Columbia University Law School, receiving the degrees of A. B.
in 1891, A. M. in 1892, and LL. B. in 1893. He was admitted
to the bar in June, 1893, and has since practised his profession
with success in New York city.

Mr. Kalbfleisch has held no political office, though he takes a
keen interest in civic and national affairs. He devotes mitch of
his attention, outside of the practice of his profession, to htera-
ture, and especially to the collection of choice and rare books.
He is a member of the Grolier Club, the Dunlap Society, the
Players' Club, and the Bar Association, besides, of course, the
Columbia College Alumni Association. He was married at
Babylon, Long Island, in October, 1897, to his cousin, Miss Maud
Kalbfleisch, daughter of Franklin H. Kalbfleisch.

EDWIN STEWART KET.LY

THE family of Edwin Stewart Kelly came from Scotland and
from the north of Ireland, — a stock which has contributed
much of sterling worth to the upbuilding of this nation, — and has
been settled for many years in Ohio. There, in Clark County,
in 1824, was boi-n Oliver Smith Kelly, the son of a farmer. The
boy grew almost to manhood on the farm, becoming accustomed
to the usual farm-work of those days, and then apprenticed him-
self to learn the trade of a carpenter and builder. After four
years of diligent appronticeship and joiu'ueyman work, he en-
gaged in the business of a carpenter, builder, and contractor on
his own account, and for fourteen years pm-sued it with marked
success and with substantial profit. For a part of this time he
was settled in Califoraia, in the early years of that State, when
there was a gi-eat demand for building operations of all kinds.

With the capital secured in this business Mr. Kelly then de-
voted his attention to the manufacture of gi'ain reaping-machines
at a time when this latter business was developing into vast
proportions. He established himself at Springfield, Ohio,
founding there the Springfield Engine & Thresher Company,
of which he himself became president. Later the concern was
reorganized and incoi-porated, and took the name of the O. S.
Kelly Company. Under this name it now enjoys great pros-
perity. It manufactures engines for farm use, reapers, threshers,
and road-rollers. The works are extensive, and give employment
to several hundred men, and have a large and valuable annual
output of agricultural and other machinery.

In addition to being the head of this important industry,
Ohver Smith Kelly is a large owner of real estate and buildings
in Springfield, Ohio, and is interested in one of the national

175

176 EDWIN STEWART KELLY

banks of that city. He is active in all directions calculated to
promote the pubUc welfare. He has been Mayor of Springfield,
and has held various other public offices with marked accepta-
bility. He was married, in 1847, to Miss Ruth Ann Peck of
Springfield, who bore him two sons.

Edwin Stewart Kelly, the younger of these sons of Oliver
Smith and Ruth Peck Kelly, was born at Springfield, Ohio, on
April 17, 1857. After receiving a thorough primary and second-
ary education in the local schools, he went to Wooster Univei*-
sity, at Wooster, Ohio, and was there graduated in the class of
1878. He determined thereupon to pursue a business rather
than a professional career.

Three years after leaving college, in 1881, Mr. Kelly began
lousiness. His first enterprise was in the wholesale coal trade,
and he pursued it with much success for a period of thirteen
years. Then, in 1894, realizing the vast possibihties which
lay in the use of india-rubber for the tires of vehicles, he
tunied his attention thereto and began the manufacture of
soUd rubber tires. It was he, more than any one else, who
developed that business to its present great proportions. At
the present time on carriages of all sorts in cities rubber tires
are the rule and non-rubber the exception. He is now vice-
president of the Consolidated Rubber Tire Company, of which
Isaac L. Rice is president, at No. 40 Wall Street, New York,
and devotes his time and energies to the promotion of its
interests.

Mr. Kelly was married, on June 7, 1881, to Miss Martha Linn,
and has foui* children : Ruth, Leah, Oliver, and Martha.

THOMAS BAKEWELL KEIUI

THE paternal ancestors of Thomas Bakewell KeiT were of
Scottish origin. They came to America about the year
1740, and made their home in Northampton County, Pennsyl-
vania, among not a few other fellow-Scots, who aided largely by
their thrift and enterprise in developing that colony into the
great State it has since become. In 1800 some members of the
family, including the great-grandparents of our subject, removed
fi'om Northampton to Washington County, in the same State.
In the second generation thereafter, John Kerr, bom early in
the present century, was educated at Washington College in
1834 became a trustee of that institution, and vice-president of
the board, was for forty years a director of the Western Theo-
logical Seminary of the Presbyterian Church at Allegheny,
Pennsylvania, and was a leading minister of the gospel of the
Presbyterian Church. He married Anne Bakewell Campbell,
who was also of Scottish ancestry. She was a daughter of Dr.
Alan Ditchfield Campbell, who was a son of Wilham Camp-
bell of MaucliUne, Scotland, who came to America in 1798. Dr.
Campbell was one of the founders of the Western Theological
Seminary and a member of its faculty. His brother, William
Henry Campbell, was for many years president of Rutgers Col-
lege, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Thomas Bakewell Kerr, son of the Rev. John Kerr and Anne
Bakewell Kerr, was bom at Monongahela City, Pennsylvania,
on May 1, 1849. He was carefully educated in the primary and
intennediate branches, and then was sent to the Western Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, at Pittsburg, where he was graduated
in 1867. His bent being toward the law, he next became a stu-
dent in the law office of BakeweU & Christy, at Pittsburg, and

178 THOMAS BAKEWELL KERK

in due time was admitted to the practice of that profession at
the bar, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in July, 1870. He
remained for a little longer a law clerk in that office, and then,
in 1871, was admitted to partnership in the firm, which became
known thereafter as Bakewell, Christy & Kerr. Later it became
Bakewell & Kerr, and was thus known from 1873 to 1887. In
the last-named year Mr. Kerr became general counsel for the
Westinghouse Electric Company, and in 1888 removed his office
and his home from Pittsburg to New York city. Two years later
he formed a partnership with Leonard E. Curtis, and resumed
the general practice of the law. In the meantime he had been
admitted to the bar of the United States Circuit Coiu-t in 1872,
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1880, and the Supreme
Court of New York State and the Supreme Court of the United
States in 1890.

Mr. Kerr is, or has been, counsel for the Westinghouse Air
Brake Company, the General .Electric Company, the Westing-
house Electric and Manufacturing Company, the Carnegie Steel
Company (Limited), the Steel Patents Company, the Standard
Underground Cable Company, the Luxfer Prism Patents Com-
pany, the American Dunlop Tire Company, Morgan & Wright,
Flint, Eddy & Co., and various other corporations. He had
charge of the Westinghouse interests in the great patent litiga-
tion with the Edison Electric Company, one of the greatest cases
of the kind on record.

Mr. Kerr was, in college, a member of the Phi Gamma Delta
Fraternity, and now belongs to the Union League, University,
and Lawyers' clubs of New York, the associations of the bar of
New York and of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the Duquesne
Club of Pittsburg, and the Englewood Club and Englewood Field
Club of Englewood, New Jersey. He was married, on November
9, 1871, to Miss Clara Dilworth, daughter of Wilham Dilwortb,
Jr., of Pittsbiu'g. They now have four children : Mary Mason,
John Campbell (Princeton, 1896), Lois, and Clarence Dilworth
(Princeton, 1901).

FAIRFAX STUART LANDSTREET

^HE suggestion of the " Old Dominion " which is convoj'od in
the name of Fairfax Stuart Landstreet is fully veritied in
the record of him who bears it. He is a native of Virginia, and
through his mother, Mary Gr. Landstreet, is descended from the
famous old Fan-fax and Lindsay families of that colony and
State. His father, the Rev. John Landstreet, was a minister of
the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and was a chaplain in
the Confederate army in the Civil War. The Landstreet family
was originally French Huguenot, and went from France to Hol-
land to escape persecution. Two generations ago members of it
came from Amsterdam to America and settled in Baltimore,
where Mr. Landstreet's grandfather was a merchant and a sol-
dier in the War of 1812.

Mr. Landstreet was bom in Fauquier, Virginia, on June 17,
1861, and was educated in the schools and high schools of Balti-
more, ISIaryland. At the age of eighteen years he entered mer-
cantile life as a clerk at some coal-mines in West Vii-ginia, owned
by Messrs. Davis and Elkins, since United States Senators from
that State. That was in 1879, and Mr. Landsti'eet has ever since
maintained his connection, in some way, with Messrs. Davis and
Elkins. For two years he was teller in the Davis National Bank
at Piedmont, West Virginia. Then he became superintendent
of Messrs. Davis and Elkins's coal-mines in West Virginia, and
filled that place for a number of years prior to 1893. In the
latter year he became general manager of the Davis Coal &
Coke Company of West Virginia, and directed its extensive oper-
ations for three years with marked success. Li 1896 his duties
were so extended as to give him direction of all the companj^'s

operations, including sales and shipment as well as mining and

i7y

180 FAIRFAX STUAKT LANDSTEEET

coking. He has continued in the successful exercise of such re-
sponsibihties and powers down to the present time.

In addition to being general manager of the Davis Coal &
Coke Company, Mr. Landstreet is also general manager of the
West Virginia Central Railway's coal department, vice-president
of the Davis National Bank of West Virginia, vice-president of
the Citizens' Trust & Guaranty Company of West Virginia, secre-
tary of the Buxton & Landstreet Company of West Virginia,
and director in Tucker County Bank, Parsons, West Virginia.
He is likewise a director of all the corporations above named,
and also of the Marshall Coal & Lumber Company of West
Vu-giuia, the Kerens Coal & Coke Company of West Virginia,
the Small Hopes Mining Company of Colorado, and the Lead-
ville Consohdated Mining Company of Colorado.

These varied and multitudinous business interests have left
Mr. Landstreet no time — even had he the inclination — for ac-
tive participation in politics beyond the duties of a citizen, and
accordingly he has held and has sought no pubhc office.

Mr. Landstreet has become a familiar figure in the business
and social life of New York city, and is in it a member of the
Colonial, Lawyers', and New York clubs. He also belongs to
the Merchants' and Maryland clubs of Baltimore, Maryland.

He was married, in December, 1886, to Miss May Davis,
daughter of William R. Davis of Piedmont, West Virginia.

/^W^Uoutx^ xO

WILLIAM DANIEL LANE

PROMINENT among the business men of New York city is
William Daniel Lane, a native of the Gi*eeu Mountain
State. He is of EngUsh ancestry, and the son of Charles D.
Lane and Anna Sandford Lane. His father was a farmer at
Cornwall, Vermont, and there the subject of this sketch was
born in 1855. His early education was gained at the local public
school. Thence he was sent to the high school at Middlebury,
Vermont, to a seminary at Montpelier, and finally to the Buit
and Burton Seminary at Manchester, Vermont, where he took
a college preparatory course and was graduated in 1876.

Mr. Lane's first business pui-suits were along lines similar to
those of his father. He had a farm at Middlebury, where he
made a specialty of growing seeds for seed dealers and for the
Agricultural Department of the government at Washington.
Later he became proprietor of large greenhouses at Middle-
bury and at Rutland, Vermont.

About 1896 Mr. Lane devoted his attention almost exclusively
to organizing, constnicting, and managing semi-public cemete-
ries. He has done this somber but essential work in many large
cities in the United States. He has been connected with ceme-
teries in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Erie, Boston,
Buffalo, and Syracuse. Ho personally organized associations
at Johnstown, New York ; Gloversville, New York ; Amster-
dam, New York ; Coxsackie Station, New York ; Glens Falls,
New York; Troy, New York; Washington, D. C; and Nor-
folk, Virginia. He is president of the Dellwood National
Cemetery, and his other ])usiness interests are partly indicated
by his presidency of the International Railway Equipment Im-
provement Company. Mr. Lane lias made three trips to Cuba

181

182 WILLIAM DANIEL LANE

in the interest of Ms asphalt-mines, and is associated with a
nmnber of wealthy Cubans in estabhshing cemeteries on modern
and improved hnes, the work being done under his dhection.
At present he is interested in large graphite-mines in Essex
Coimty and coal-fields in Ohio.

'Ml'. Lane has a particularly wide cu'cle of friends in business
and social life, and is a member of the Transportation Club of
New York. He is a prominent member of the order of Free and
Accepted Masons, in the thirty-second degree, and a Noble of
the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Lane finds much pleasure and recrea-
tion in out-of-door sports, especially shooting and fishing, in
which he is exceptionally expert. He possesses great capacity
for work, and has shown remarkable abihty in organization and
direction.

Mr. Lane married Miss Nellie Louisa Kelly of Danby, Ver
mont, in 1876.

FRANK R. LAWRENCE

FRANK R. LAWRENCE, the well-known and successful
lawyer, was bom in New York in 1845, and was educated
for the bar. He traveled extensively abroad, entered practice
about 1870, and soon became widely known in his profession,
appearing constantly in court in many important litigations.'
He became chairman of the board of examiners of applicants
for admission to the bar, and was active in bringing about
reforms in methods of legal study and examination.

Ha\'ing identified himself with the Masonic fraternity, he was
elected, in 1885, to its highest of&ce, that of Grand Master. The
fraternity was then heavily in debt, the Masonic Temple in New
York, erected to maintain an asylum for widows and orphans,
being so mortgaged that the building of the asylum had been
deferred for more than forty years. Mr. Lawrence instituted a
movement for the payment of the debt, and served for four suc-
cessive terms, during which time the debt was entirely paid and
funds were pi'ovided to erect the asylum, which now stands near
the city of Utica. Mr. Lawi-ence declined a fifth election as
Grand Master, and retu'ed in 1889. His services are commem-
orated by appropriate tablets in the Masonic Hall in New York
and the asj'lum at Utica.

In 1889 Mr. Lawrence became president of the Lotus Club,
one of the best-known clubs in the United States, upon the
retirement of Whitelaw Reid, who had been appointed by
President Hamson as Minister to France. Mr. Reid had been
one of the founders of the club and its president for many years.
The change was viewed with muc^i interest, the club l)eing so
largely composed of artists, actors, journalists, authors, and men
of distinction as to render its presiding office a position of much

183

184 FRANK R. LAWRENCE

difficulty. Under Mr. Lawrence the club has maintained the
high reputation established under his predecessor. He still
remains its president, having thus far been elected for fourteen
successive years. Diu'ing Mr. Lawrence's presidency the club
has bought a new house, attained high financial prosperity,
doubled its membership, and maintained and enlarged a reputa-
tion for broad hospitality. Mr. Lawrence is known both in and
out of the club as an eloquent and popular after-dinner speaker.
His portrait, pamted by Felix Moscheles, hangs in the club-
house.

In 1896 he became the head of the well-knowTi law firm of
Lawi'ence & Hughes, his partners being his brother Malcolm R.
Lawrence and Gordon T. Hughes, with offices in the Equitable
Building. He has been counsel for many raih'oad, industrial, and
other corporations, estates, and men of business. He is a director
in the Chatham National Bank, the City Trust Company, the
Garfield Safe Deposit Company, and the American Surety Com-
pany.

Mr. Lawrence was married, in 1876, to Miss Eva Reed, who
died in 1901, and has four children, the eldest of whom, Frank
Lawrence, is also a lawyer.

SAMUEL LLOYD

THE Lloyd family, or at least that part of it to •which the
present subject belongs, is of "Welsh ancestry, and of the
Quaker faith. They originally settled in this country, in Phila-
delphia. Dr. Lloyd's father, Gardiner Potts Lloyd, president
of the American Coal Company, manned Miss Emma Disbrow,
and to them Samuel Lloyd was bom, at Jersey City, New
Jersey, on August 4, 1860. He was educated at Princeton Uni-
versity, in the John C. Green School of Science, and was
graduated in the class of 1882. Then he studied medicine at
the University of Vei*mont, being graduated with the degree of
M. D. in 1884 ; he continued his study in the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of Columbia University, and was graduated
from that institution in 1885.

Dr. Lloyd's fii'st professional service was done on the house
staff of St. Luke's Hospital, New York, in 1883-84. Thereafter
for three years he was house surgeon and assistant secretary to
the faculty at the New York Postgi'aduate Medical School and
Hospital.

In 1886 Dr. Lloyd became instnictor in clinical and operative
surgeiy in the New York Postgraduate Medical School and
Hospital, and filled that place with success until 1891. In the
latter year he resigned from the department of operative sur-
gery, but remained an instructor in chnical surgery until 1898,
when he became attending surgeon of the babies' wards, which
place he still occupies. Meantime he was from 1892 to 1896
visiting surgeon in the hospitals on Randalls Island, from
1893 to 1895 surgeon-in-chief in the Lebanon Hospital, and in
1898-99 adjunct professor of sm-gery. At the present time he

185

Jgg SAMUEL LLOYD

is professor of surgery and attending surgeon in the New York
Postgraduate Medical School and Hospital.

In addition to the manifold duties attached to these various
places, Dr. Lloyd has busied himself as a writer on professional
subjects. He has contributed to current medical and sm'gical
literature many monographs on surgical topics, and editorial
articles in the " Annals of Surgery" and the " American Medico-
sm-gical Bulletin."

He is a member of the New York Coimty Medical Society, a
permanent member of the New York State Medical Society, and
a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, the New York
Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, the Lenox Medical and
Surgical Society, and the Princeton Club. In these various or-
ganizations he is an active and influential member, particij)ating
frequently and to good purpose in their deliberations and doing
much to promote their professional and social welfare.

Dr. Lloyd was married, in BrookljTi, to Miss Adele Ferrier
Peck, a daughter of the Rev. Francis Peck. They have three
children : Elisabeth Armstrong Lloyd, Adele Augustine Lloyd,
and Samuel Raymond Lloyd.

N-^-N. -t

<^-C-t^-«

WALTER SETH LOGAN

ri'^HE families of Logan and HoUister, both of which have at-
X tained prominence in American affairs, are of Scottish
origin. One of the Logans was in the Council of State of Queen
Mary of Scotland, and he and his family were conspicuous
in Scottish politics in those days. The name of IToUister is
a corruption of that of Mac Alister, the latter being borne by one
of the famous Highland clans. Representatives of both of these
famihes came to North America in or about the year 1630, and
helped to found the to\\Ti of Wethersfield, Connecticut, some
years later. It was at Wethersfield that one of the Hollisters, a
preacher, was tried for heresy for denying the ''real presence" in
the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, and was excommunicated
from the church. At a later date the two famihes removed to
Stratford, Connecticut, and thence to Woodbury, Connecticut, of
which latter place the present town of Washington was a part.

In the last generation Seth S. Logan of Washington, Connec-
ticut, was a prominent man in Connecticut politics, being for
many years a member of one branch or the other of the State
Legislature or a State officer. He man-ied Miss Serene Hol-
hster, and to them, at Washington, on April 15, 1847, the sub-
ject of this sketch, Walter Seth Logan, was bona. The boy
received a careful education, at first at the famous "Gunnery
School " in his native town, then at Fort Edward Institute, New
York, then at the Connecticut Literary Institution, at Suffield,
and finally at Yale College, where he was gi'aduated in 1870.
Prom Yale he went to Harvard, entered the Law School, and
there spent a profitable year. Thence he came to New York
city, where he entered the office of James C. Carter, and at the
same time continued his studies in the Law School of Columbia

187

188 WALTER SETH LOGAN I

College. He received his diploma from Columbia, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in 1872.

It was Mr. Logan's auspicious fortune to begin his career at
the bar in direct association with some of its most eminent prac-
titioners. As already stated, he was a student in the office of
James C. Carter, one of the foremost lawyers of his generation.
His first legal work, after completing his studies and being ad-
mitted to the bar, was done under that same distinguished
preceptor. This was in one of the most famous pieces of litiga-
tion of the time, the Jumel will case, in which that other dis-
tinguished leader of the American bar, the Hon. Charles O'Conor,
was also concerned.

In his subsequent career Mr. Logan has fulfilled and enlarged
upon the professional promise implied in the manner of his
entry to the bar. He has been engaged in a considerable
number of suits of more than ordinary interest and importance.
Among these may be mentioned the Austin will case, the David
insurance cases, soap-cutting machine patent cases, the Chese-
brough case, the Wirt and Waterman fountain-pen cases, the
Davis will case of Montana, the water-rights litigations in Ari-
zona and California, the Phelps estate cases. Underbill vs. Her-
nandez, and the Van Ingen hbel suits.

The Phelps estate cases were important from a professional
point of view, and they also had the interesting effect of leading
Mr. Logan to add literary authorship to the catalogue of his
successful achievements. These cases concerned the will and
estate of Bethuel Phelps, who at the time of his death was
heavily interested in property in Mexico. In the conduct of the
ensuing litigation it became necessary for Mr. Logan not merely
to visit Mexico, but to spend much time in that country. He
was much interested in Mexico, and studied its institutions and
customs closely, with the result that he has ever since been re-
garded as a leading authority upon the subject, and has written
a number of books concerning it. Among these may be men-
tioned " The Siege of Cuautla," " Peonage in Mexico," and " A
Mexican Law Suit," besides " Nationalism," " An Argument for
an Eight-Hour Law," and " Needed Modifications of the Patent
Law."

Mr. Logan has paid considerable attention to public affairs.

I

WALTER SETH LOGAN 189

as the titles of some of his ^yorks indicate. In 1887-89 he was
chairman of the Executive Committi'C of the Ballot Reform As-
sociation of New York State, and in that capacity aided con-
spicuously in obtaining the fifty thousand signatures attachc^d to
the monster petition filed in the State Library.

He has been president of the New York State Bar Association,
and now represents the State of New York on the Governing
Council of the American Bar Association. He is also president-
general of the National Society of the Sons of the American
Kevolution.

'

PIERRE LORILLARD

THE name of Lorillard, wMcli for several generations has
been prominently identified in this country with business
enterprise, great wealth, social leadership, sportsmanship, and
various public benefactions, is of French-Hugv^enot origin. The
family which bears it was formerly settled in Montpelier,
France. Religious persecution drove it from France to Holland,
and thence a branch of it came to America. The pioneer in
this country was Peter or Pierre Loi'illard, who lived at Hackeu-
sack. New Jersey, and who was killed by Hessian soldiers in
the Revolutionary War. His wife was Catherine Moore of
New Jersey, and she bore him, among other childi-en, three sons
named Peter A., George, and Jacob. The first-named married
Maria Dorothea Schultz, daughter of Major Schultz of the
Revolutionary army, and had four daughters and one son, the
latter named Peter after his father and grandfather.

Peter A. Lorillard and his brother George engaged in the
tobacco- and snuff -manufacturing business, and developed it to
great proportions. They established huge factories in Jersey
City and elsewhere, which are now the property of the P. Loril-
lard Tobacco Company. Another noteworthy factory, devoted
to the manufacture of snuff, was established on the banks of the
Bronx River in Westchester County, New York, and is now in-
cluded in Bronx Park as an interesting and picturesque ruiu.
The Lorillards also in that generation became the owners of
much real estate in New York city and elsewhere.

The third Peter Lorillard, son of Peter A. Lorillard, married
Catherine Griswold, a descendant of the famous Griswold and
Wolcott families of Connecticut, whose members played con-
spicuous parts in colonial and Revolutionary times and are still

mo

;ji

PIEEBE LORILLARD 191

among the foremost citizens of New England. They had a
number of eliildren, who manied members of prominent New
York famihes. Mr. Lorillard was himself a man of great public
spirit and was one of the foremost leaders of society. He had a
fine country estate at Saratoga, where he died in 18G7.

The eldest son of the third Peter Lorillard and Catherine
Griswold also bore the name of Peter, but used it always in the
old French form, Pierre. He was the head of the Lorillard
Tobacco Company, but was still better kno^^^l as a social header
and sportsman, and as the head of several unique enterprises of
his own. Thus he was the founder of the well-known country
colony Tuxedo Park, which, indeed, was built upon a portion of
his own vast estate on the border-hne between New York and
New Jersey, among the Ramapo Mountains. He was at one
time one of the foremost lando^\^lers at NewjDort, Rhode Island,
having there the fine place known as " Ochre Point," which he
sold to Cornelius Vanderbilt. In New York city he had a splen-
did mansion at Fifth Avenue and Thu'ty-sixth Street, which in
its day was one of the wonders of the town, and which con-
tained the first large private ball-room ever built in New York.
Later in his Hfe he made his home in one of the fine old man-
sions on the north side of Washington Square, though most of
his time was spent abroad. He took much interest in horse-
racing and yachting. For the promotion of the former sport he es-
tablished a magnificent stock-farm called "Rancocas " near Jobs-
town, New Jersey. He was one of the chief patrons of the old
Jerome Pai'k when it was the foremost track in America, and he
was the first American to win the famous Derby race in Eng-
land, doing so with his horse Iroquois in 1881. His horse
Parole also made a gi-eat reputation as a race-winner in England.
In late years most of his racing was done in England, in part-
nership with Lord William Beresford. He owned the yacht
Vesta, and personally sailed her in the famous ocean race from
Sandy Hook to Cowes. He also owned the steam-yacht Radha.
He joined the French government in fitting out the two Charnay
expeditions to Yucatan which resulted in invaluable discoveries
of ancient cities, etc, and by way of recognition for this service
he was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He died
in 1901.

iyL

192 PIEERE LORILLAED

Pierre Lorillard married Miss Emily Taylor, daughter of Dr.
Isaac E. Taylor, one of the founders of Bellevue Hospital Medi-
cal College, and had three children : Mrs. Wilham Kent, Mrs. T.
Suffern Tailer, and Pierre Lorillard, Jr. The last-named, the
fifth of that name in this country, was born in New York city
on January 28, 1860, and married, in 1881, Miss Caroline J.
Hamilton, daughter of George Hamilton of Scotland. Mr. and
Mrs. Lorillard have two sons, Pierre and Griswold, and make
their home at Keewaydin, Tuxedo Park. Mr. Lorillard is one of
the principal owners of the Lorillard Tobacco Company, and is
a prominent figure in New York society and in sporting affairs.
He is a member of the Union, Knickerbocker, Fencers', Riding,
and Westminster Kennel clubs of New York, and of the Metro-
politan Club of Washington, D. C. He has adopted on the turf
the colors made famous by his father, and is expected to keep
the name of Lorillard foremost, as of old, in the racing world.

PHINEAS C. LOUNSBURY

THERE are few as well-known names in the western part of
Connecticut and the adjacent part of Westchester County,
New York, as that of Lounsbury, and of the numerous family
which bears it there is no better known member than tlie
subject of this sketch, who has won distinction as a statesman,
a financier, and a good citizen.

Phineas Chapman Lounsbury is the son of Nathan and Delia
(Schofield) Lounsbury, the grandson of a Revolutionary soldier,
and in the sixth generation of direct descent from the first
American Lounsbmy, who came from England in 1651 and set-
tled at Stamford, Connecticut. His father and grandfather
were both farmers at Stamford. He was born in the beautiful
town of Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, on January
10, 1841, and received a good academic education in various
Connecticut schools, and was noted as a fine scholar, especially
excelling in mathematics, the classics, oratory, and debating.

At the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Lounsbury enlisted as a
private in the Sixteenth Regiment of Connecticut Vohmteers.
The failure of his health prevented him, however, from perform-
ing much active service in the war, and he presently returned
home and engaged in business affairs. A pension was offered
to him, but he declined it. He has since taken a most earnest
interest in the welfare of veteran soldiers of the war, and has on
several occasions been the orator at important reunions and
dedications.

Mr. Lounsbury cast his first vote in 1862, as a Republican,
and has been an earnest member of that party ever since. In
1874 he represented Ridgefield in the Legislature, and was one of
the most influential members of that party. It was largely

l'J3

194 PHINEAS C. LOUNSBURY

througli Ms efforts that the local option law of Connecticut was
adopted. In the Presidential campaign of 1884 he was conspicuous
as a popular speaker, and two years later he was handsomely
elected Governor of the State. It was the universal testimony,
even of the pohtical opponents, that he was one of the very best
governors Connecticut has ever had.

Mr. Lounsbury's fii"st business enterprise was that of a
manufacturer at New Haven, where he established the house of
Lounsbury Bros. Afterward he became a member of the
firm of Lounsbury, Mathewson & Co., at South Norwalk. In
1889 he was elected president of the Merchants' Exchange
National Bank of New York city, one of the foremost financial
institutions of the financial capital of the country, and he has
since that date been a conspicuous figure in the business world
of New York. Besides his bank presidency he is a trustee of
the American Bank Note Company, and a director of various
other corporations.

He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Chm-ch, and was
a delegate to the Greneral Conference of 1886. He is trustee of
Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Connecticut, and received
from it in 1887 the degree of LL. D. He is a member of the
Colonial, Republican, and other clubs of New York, a Free-
mason, a Knight Templar, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine.

Ml'. Lounsbuiy was married, in 1867, to Miss Jennie Wright,
daughter of Neziah Wright, one of the founders of the American
Bank Note Company. He has probably the finest residence in
Ridgefield, Connecticut, a town of palatial homes, a house in
New York city, and a summer lodge on Raquette Lake, in the
Adirondacks.

JOHN McCULLAGH

THE finest in the world " is the description once made of the
police force of New York city. Beyond doubt the force has
in more than one respect deserved the tribute. It has contained
many men and officers who would well serve and honor any force
in the world. And conspicuous among these and among those
who gave the New York police force whatever woi-tli and effi-
ciency it has, a place in the fi-ont rank must be given to John
McCullagh.

His name indicates a Scottish origin. He was, in fact, bom in
Ii'eland, on September 29, 1845. But his father, Robert McCul-
lagh, a farmer, and his mother, whose maiden name was Jane
Hunter, were both of Scotch ancestry, their forefathers having
been among those thrifty Scotch colonists who made the nortli
of Ireland so prosperous a region. He was educated in the pub-
Uc schools of Ireland, and spent his boyhood on his fathei''s farm,
with no extraoi'dinary incidents to make it notable. At the age
of seventeen he came to the United States, and here found em-
ployment on a stock farm. He became a natm'ahzed citizen,
and sought to identify himself in every way with America and
American institutions.

Mr. MeCullagli was scarcely twenty-five when, on Marcli 30,.
1870, he was appointed a patrolman on the New York pohce
force. On Febi-uary 28, 1873, he was promoted to be a rounds-
man, and on July 19, 1876, to be a sergeant. A captaincy came
to him on July 20, 1883, and then, in charge of the Elizabeth
Street Station, he made a noteworthy record. It was he who
broke up the notorious " Whyo Gang" of professional criminals,
sending some of its members to prison. He did much to purify
what had been one of the worst quarters of New York, and did

195

196 JOHN McCULLAGH

admirable work also in various other precincts to which he was
at times assigned. ±u May, 1895, Captain McCullagli was made
an acting inspector. His promotion to the full rank of inspector
was delayed for two years through political chicanery. Finally,
on August 25, 1897, he was made Chief of Pohce. When the
consolidation of the city took effect, on January 1, 1898, he
was made the first Chief of Police of the enlarged city, and he
performed the task of reorganizing and consolidating the pohce
forces of the various boroughs. Unfortunately for the service
and the city, his political affiliations were not with the pohtical
party which then came into control of the city government, and
on May 21, 1898, he was retu'ed fi-om active service on a pension
of three thousand dollars a year.

His services were not, however, to be altogether lost to the
pubhc. On July 19, 1898, Governor Black appointed him to
the newly made office of State Superintendent of Elections for
the Metropolitan Elections District on a salary of five thousand
dollars a year. Again, on December 12, 1898, on request of
General Greene, approved by President McKinley, he was sent
to Cuba to organize a new police force in the city of Havana.
This task he performed successfully, and retiu*ned to the United
States on March 10, 1899, and resumed his duties as State
Superintendent of Elections.

Mr. McCullagh is a Republican in politics, but has taken no
active part in political matters beyond that of a citizen, scrupu-
lously keeping his political predilections apart from his official
duties. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the Mystic
Shrine, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Republican Club,
and the West Side Republican Club.

He was married, on August 20, 1879, at Long Branch, New
Jersey, to Miss Maria Hamill, daughter of the late James Taylor
Hamill of New York. They have no children.

^^-y^yCl^ UJ /^ '^(r^a

-^^L^

JOHN B. McDonald

EVEN in these days of huge enterprises, no other municipality
has ever imdertaken a work of such magnitude as the con-
struction, equipment, and operation of the Rapid Transit Rail-
road in the city of New York. Of this project the responsible
head is John B. McDonald, who was bom in County Cork in
1844, and three years later was brought to this country by his
relatives. His father and uncle had already preceded him, and
had begun their career on this side of the water in the upper
part of Manhattan Island. His boyhood years were spent in
the neighborhood of Jerome Park, where later he was destined
to become the builder of one of the largest storage reservoirs in
the world, and also about Fort Washington, where in 1900 Mr.
McDonald saw the breaking of ground for the first real excava-
tion for the Rapid Transit Subway. These places were the
scene of his school-days, and here his early career was spent.

When young McDonald arrived in this country, his father,
Bartholomew McDonald, had already established himself as a
local contractor. He was a well-known figure in the upper part
of the city, had become a political leader of note there, and for
some years represented his district in the Board of Aldermen.

Mr. McDonald grew up to follow his father's business, and for
some time was associated with him in it. When he decided to
start out for himself, his fii\st engagement was that of clerk, or
timekeeper, at forty-five dollars a month, in construction of the
great storage reservoir connected with the Croton water system
at Boyd's Corners, Putnam County, New York. In that place
he spent four years, working hard during long hours, giving his
employers full satisfaction, and, more important still, thoroughly
familiarizing himself with all departments of constniction work.

197

198 JOHN B. Mcdonald

His experience and knowledge of this work secured him his
next engagement. The great raiboad improvements for the New
York Central on Foui-th Avenue, New York, were begun soon
after the Boyd's Corners reservoir was finished, and IVIr. McDonald
was appointed chief inspector of masonry thereon. Subsequently
he became interested in subcontracts with Dillon, Clyde & Co.
for the building of that part of the tunnel between Ninetieth
and One Hundredth streets.

This work was accompHshed not only with profit to himself,
but Vidth satisfaction to the authorities. With Smith & Ripley,
successors of the firm of Dillon, Clyde & Co., he carried out
various contracts for railroad and other work, including the
construction of the Boston, Hoosic Tunnel & Western, with a
bridge over the Hudson, the Cleorgian Bay Branch of the Cana-
dian Pacific, and important subcontracts on the extension of
the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad from Bingham-
ton to Buifalo. After severing his connection with this firm, he
was interested in other important contracts, including a large
section of the West Shore Raih-oad, the extension of the Balti-
more & Ohio Raih'oad from Baltimore to Philadelphia, the
extension of the Illinois Central Railroad from Elgin, Illinois, to
Dodgeville, Wisconsin, a distance of one hundred and fifty miles,
a contract amounting to fom- million dollars, the Trenton " cut-
off" for the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the building of the
Potomac VaUey Railroad from Cherry Run to Williamsport,
Pennsylvania.

Important as these various achievements were, they were not
to be compared, in difficulty of construction, in value, or in
importance, to the enormoiis task of building the Baltimore Belt
Railroad, which carried the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad directly
under the city of Baltimore, under street and subsurface struc-
tures, under houses and massive buildings of all sorts. In many
respects tliere is not a more intricate or difficult piece of railroad-
building in the United States, and the credit for its successful
construction belongs largely to Mr. McDonald. Together with
John K. Cowen, now president of the Baltimore & Ohio Rail-
road, and Samuel Rea, now vice-president of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, Mr. McDonald was the author of this enterprise, and
to carry it through these gentlemen organized the Maryland

JOHN B. Mcdonald 199

Construction Company, of which Mr. McDonald was president.
On this tunnel fifteen hundred men were employed. During
;Mr. McDonald's residence in Baltimore he became president of
the South Baltimore Car Works, and president of the Eastern
Ohio Railroad. He was also prominently identified with many
of the leading business interests of that city.

Soon after this gigantic task, Mr. McDonald became the suc-
cessftd bidder for the work of transforming Jerome Park into a
storage reservoir, a contract involving six millions of dollars
and employing several thousand men. While Mi". McDonald
was prosecuting the Jerome Park work, he made the greatest
contract of his career for the construction, equipment, and oper-
ation of the Rapid Transit Raih'oad. He had for years been
studying the rapid-transit question and familiarizing himself
with its varied and important phases, and it was his ambition to
give to the people of New York real rapid transit from one end
of the city to the other. In January, 1900, the Board of Rapid
Transit Railroad Commissioners awarded to him, for the sum of
thirty-five millions of dollars, with two millions seven hundred
and fifty thousand dollars additional for terminals, the contract
for the construction of the Rapid Transit Subway. In February
of the same year, August Belmont, whose father, the late August
Belmont, was the fii'st chainnan of the Rapid Transit Commis-
sion, organized and had incorporated the Rapid Transit Subway
Construction Company, with a capital of six million dollars, to
guarantee and aid Mr. McDonald in this enterprise, among the
directors being some of the best-known business men and capi-
talists of this city. Under these auspices, and fortified by a long
and varied experience, Mr. McDonald has begun, and is now
vigorously pushing at numerous points, the construction of the
railroad which, within four and one half years, will give to the
people of New York real rapid transit.

e-^

DENNIS DANIEL McKOON

THE first American member of the McKoon family was
James McKoon. He came of an old Scotch family with
which a strain of Norman blood had been mingled. He migi'ated
from Scotland about the year 1750, and settled in Herkimer
County, New York, then a frontier wilderness, and was one of
the pioneers of that region. His descendants have played a
leading part in the development of central New York. Among
them, a hundred years ago, was Martin McKoon, who married
Margaret Clapsaddle and lived for a time at Ilion, Herkimer
County, New York. There, on October 17, 1827, was born their
son Dennis Daniel McKoon, the subject of this sketch.

Wlien the boy was seven years old the family removed to
Oswego County, and there he went to school, at first in the
pul)hc schools and later in the Fulton Academy at Oswego. On
completing his stiidies in the latter institution he began the
study of law in the office of Judge Ransom H. Tyler of Oswego.
He was admitted to the bar in 1854, and thereupon removed to
Phoenix, New York, where he opened offices of his own and
soon built up a promising and profitable practice. Such dis-
tinction did he win at the very beginning of his career that he
was chosen to be a judge of the Oswego County Com-t, and
filled that place for two terms.

He was indeed chosen judge for a third term, but resigned
the place at the beginning of that term in order to enter the
army at the outltreak of the Civil War. He entered Company
D of the One Hundred and Tenth New York Volunteers as a
private, but in the course of his service rose to be first lieutenant
and adjutant of the regiment. His army career was ended by a

200

^->in^

DENNIS DANIEL MoKOON 201

severe attack of typhoid fever, from which he did not fully re-
covor for throe years, by whicli time the war was over.

By 18G7 Mr. McKouii had regained his health sufficiently to
resume the practice of his profession, and he then removed to
Middletown, Orange County, New York, and became a member
of the law firm of Foote, McKoon & Stoddard. That firm en-
joyed a large patronage, of which Mr. McKoon personally had a
goodly share. Its activities were not, huwever, sufficient to
engage all his attention, and accordingly in 1874, while retaining
his Middletown business, he opened another office in New York
city. For three years he practised in both cities, and then, hav-
ing built up a sufficiently large metropolitan business to merit
his whole attention, he withdrew from the Middletown office.
Since then he has practised exclusively in New York, confining
himself almost entirely to civil procedure, and paying especial
attention to real-estate litigation. In such practi(;e of his pro-
fession Mr. McKoon has Ijeen highly successful, attaining an
enviable rank in the legal fraternity and securing ample material
recompense for his labors. In 1889 he took into partnership
with himself his son Gilbei-t McKoon, and in 1892 David B.
Luckey, thus fonning the firm of McKoon & Luckey. From
this firm he later withdrew, and he is now again alone in the
practice of his profession.

Mr. McKoon has held no public office since he retired from
the bench to enter the anny. He has, however, foiuid time to
engage in various other business enterprises besides his legal
practice, and he is now a du-ector and treasurer of the Richmond
Homestead Association of New York ; a director and vice-presi-
dent of the Frontier Bank of Niagara, New York ; president of
the Manahasset Park Association of Monmou.tli County, New
Jersey; aud is interested in several other corporations.

He was married, in 1852, to Miss Mary Gilbert, daughter of
Andrus Gilbert of Oswego County, New York.

€i^

JOHN MILTON MABBOTT

JOHN MILTON MABBOTT, oue of the rising physicians
of this city, is a native of New England. His father, John
Mabbott, was born in Nottinghamshire, England, was educated
at a college at Sheffield, and came to America as the representa-
tive of a large cutlery firm of the latter city. His mother was,
before her marriage to John Mabbott, Miss Catherine Benton
Homer, a native of Bu-mingham, England, and her mother was,
before her marriage, Miss Catherine Benton, the head of a large
and important school for girls in England. Of such parentage
John Milton Mabbott was born at Waterbury, Connecticut, on
July 14, 1862. He was educated in the schools of his native city,
and was the first president of the High School Alumni Associa-
tion. He was also president of the Waterbury Philosophical
Society.

His inclinations led him to prepare himself for the practice of
medicine. For six months he spent several hoiu'S a day as a
student at the Apothecaries' Hall, reading the Pharmacopoeia
and the United States Dispensatory, and compounding prescrip-
tions under the supervision of competent apothecaries. In 1880,
at the age of eighteen, he entered the office of a preceptor, and
the following year was matriculated at the College of Physicians
and Sm'geons, the medical department of Columbia University.
From the latter he was gi'aduated with the degree of M. D. in
May, 1884. His preceptors were Dr. F. E. Castle of Waterbury,
and Dr. Charles H. Wilkin of New York.

Immediately after graduation he secm-ed, through competitive
examination, an appointment upon the house staff of St. Luke's
Hospital, where he went through the regular medical service of
a year and a half. For foiu- months thereafter be was at the

202

M/CrMMr-

r

JOHN MILTON MABBOTT 203

Chambers Street Hospital in the capacity of intern and ambn-
knee surgeon. Next, while waiting for another desired appoint-
ment, he spent a year as sm-gcon of a transatlantic passenger
steamer, the Zaandam (New York and Amsterdam), and traveled
a little abroad. This place he resigned to become for six
months assistant and then for three years resident physician in
the Nursery and Child's Hospital. Since 1890 he has been asso-
ciated in practice with Dr. E. L. Partridge, at No. 19 Fifth
Avenue, under conditions which have enabled him to acquire at
the same time a large clientele of his own. He has devoted
much attention to the instruction of nurses in the New York
Postgraduate and the St. Luke's Hospital training-schools.
His practice is general in character, though he has paid special
attention to midwifery and the diseases of children, in which
he might, if he wished, be ranked as a specialist. He is con-
nected \vith the outdoor department of the New York Hospital,
and is attending obstetrician to the New York Infant Asylum.
Under the administration of Mayor Strong he was appointed a
school inspector of this city.

Tn addition to his practice Dr. Mabliott has made a number of
valuable contributions to cuiTent literature and medical topics.
He is a member of the Medical Society of the County of New
York, the New York Academy of Medicine, the Physicians'
Mutual Aid Association, the St. Luke's Hospital Alumni Asso-
ciation, and the Hosjiital Graduates' Club. In politics he is a
Republican, and a member of Good Government Club F.

Dr. Mabbott was married, on October 30, 1895, to Miss Kate
Adele Ollive, daughter of Thomas Stone OlUve, a director of the
National Biscuit Company. One child, Thomas Olhve Mabbott,
was born to them on July 6, 1898. They make their home at
the Brevoort House.

JOSIAH MACY

THE Macy family, now for many generations widely known
and highly honored in the business and social world of
America, is of English origin. Prior to its transplantation to
this coimtry it was settled in the southern part of the historic
county of Wiltshire, England, near Salisbury Plain and the
colossal memorials of Stonehenge. There, in the parish of Chil-
mark, Salisbury, Thomas Macy was born in 1608, and thence he
came to these shores in 1635. His destination was the Massa-
chusetts colony, in which he settled at first at Newbury, of
which place he was a freeman in 1639. In the latter year,
however, he became one of the founders of a new settlement,
which he named after his old home, Salisbury. In this place he
filled many offices of importance, and was for years one of its
foremost citizens.

A development of the same motive which had led to the
founding of the New England colonies, however, in time caused
his withdrawal from this part of Massachusetts. Mr. Macy was
an adherent to the Baptist faith, which was at that time
regarded with pronounced disfavor by the great majority of his
fellow-colonists. That fact alone might have been sufficient to
cause him serious trouble, but his Baptist principles made him
characteristically tolerant and generous toward nil other Chris-
tian faiths, especially toward the Quakers, who at that time
were objects not only of disfavor, Imt of actual legal proscription
and popular persecution. Mr. Macy unhesitatingly gave them
shelter from persecution, and in consequence soon found the
animosity of his neighbors tui'ned against himself. For a time
he sturdily held his ground, but later deemed it best to withdraw
from Salisbury and in a new pilgrimage to seek other places

204

JOSIAH MACY 20")

wliere he an<l his friouds could eujoy unmolested freedom of
thought and worship.

He selected the now historic island of Nantucket, off the
south coast of Massachusetts, as liis place of refuge. With
(Miiht comrades he went thither in 1659, and i^urchased the entu-e
island from the Indians, who up to that date had been sole
possessors. In so doing he began an important chapter of
Amei'ican history. He made that island a part of the Massa-
chusetts Bay colony, and founded there a comnmnity whicli,
through its hardy seafaring qualities, has played a great part in
the affairs of the nation. The seamen of Nantucket for genera-
tions were a prime factor in the commercial expansion of Amer-
ica, and also contributed vastly to the prowess of American
arms in war at sea.

Thomas Macy spent the remainder of his life at Nantucket,
and was one of the foremost members of that community. He
was its first Recorder, and fi'om 1672 to 1686 he was each year
a Representative from Nantucket to the General Coiu't of the
colony. In King Phihp's War he was a heutenant in the colo-
nial army, and did valiant service. His descendants intermarried
with other families of Nantucket, until nearly everybody of im-
portance upon that island seemed to be more or less directly
connected with the Macy stock.

The people of Nantucket naturally and inevitably took to sea-
faring pru'suits — commerce, fishing, and whaling. To such
occupations various members of the INIacy family turned their
attention. In 1785 one of the Macys was a ship-owner and one
of the richest and most influential business men on the island.
To him a son was bom on February 25 of the year named, to
whom was given the name of Josiah, destined to become famous
in American business annals. Josiah Macy was educated in the
schools of Nantucket up to the age of fifteen years. Tlien the
voice of the sea called him in ii-resistible tones. He followed
the example of his father, and went aboard one of his father's
ships. Thenceforward his life was for years spent chiefly at
sea. At first he was engaged on his father's ships. Then he
became a ship-owner on his own account.

In time he outgi-ew Nantucket or its commercial possibihties.
In 1828 he came to New York city to seek a larger field and

206 JOSIAH MACY

establish himself iu the shipping commission business. His son
William H. Macy, who had preceded him in coming to New
York, was his partner, and the firm-name was that of Josiah
Macy & Son. The next year another son was admitted to the
firm, and the name became Josiah Macy & Sons. Thus it re-
mained until Mr. Macy's retirement in 1853, when it was
changed to Josiah Macy's Sons. From 1853 to his death, on
May 20, 1872, Mr. Macy lived at Rye, in Westchester County,
New York. He was one of the founders of the City Fire Insur-
ance Company, and a director of it from 1833 to the end of his
life. For many years he was a director of the Tradesmen's
Bank. His wife, whom he married on February 6, 1805, and
who died on September 25, 1861, was Lydia Hussey, a member
of an old Nantucket family.

Josiah Macy was a typical merchant of the old school, enter-
prising, upright, benevolent, and successful. His name was a
tower of strength in the business world while he lived, and after
him it was a priceless inheritance to his children and their chil-
dren. He left five sons and two daughters : Wilham H., Charles
A., Josiah G., Francis H., John H., Lydia H., and Ann Eliza-
beth Macy.

'■m -M-'yi.

.JOSEAIHI MA.CY JIIRc

JOSIAII MACY, JR.

THE name of Macy, long honorably prominent in the mercan-
tile world, is of English origin, and is one of the oldest in
the United States, or rather in North America, for it antedates
the United States by a century and a half. The visitor to the
quaint island of Nantucket, which, though a part of the State of
Massachusetts, lies far out at sea, with only the broad Atlantic
between it and the shore of Spain, is soon reminded of the an-
tiquity and impoi'tance of the Macy family. For that family
were the first white owners of Nantucket, and that island was
their home for many years. To this day the name of Macy is
intertwined with those of Starbuck and Coffin all through the
histoiy of Nantucket.

The acquisition of that island by the Macys was effected
under circimistancesmu'^h resembling the planting of the Rhode
Island colony by Roger Williams. Thomas Macy of Chilmark,
England, was a Baptist. At the age of twenty-seven, in 1635 he
came to America and settled at Newbury, and afterward at Salis-
bury, Massachusetts. His Baptist faith inclined him to such
tolerance in religion, especially toward Quakers, as was not alto-
gether to the liking of his Piu'itan neighbors. When he carried
his principles and practice so far as to shelter and protect some
Quakers from persecution — or prosecution, under the laws of the
colony — he found himself made the object of unfriendly atten-
tions, and was constrained to leave his home for a place where
gi-eater liberality prevailed. Accordingly he purchased tlie
whole island of Nantucket, and for several generations there-
after it was the family home. He retained his momlx'rship in
the colony of Massachusetts Bay, however, and for many years
was a Representative in its legislature, or General Court. He was

207

208 JOSIAH MACY, JR.

also a lieiiteuant in King Philip's War, and the first Recorder of
the county of Nantucket.

The Macys of Nantucket naturally led a seafaring life, and
were conspicuous among the hardy mariners who made the name
of that island famous the world around. At the beginning of the
nineteenth century one of the foremost members of the family
was Josiah Macy, a captain and ship-owner, and the son of a
man who was likewise captain and ship-owner. At the age of
forty-three, in 1828 he came to New York and entered the ship-
ping and commission business in partnership with his son Wil-
liam H. Macy, imder the name of Josiah Macy & Son. The next
year another son was taken into partnership, and the firm-name
became Josiah Macy & Sons. After his i*etirement the name
was again changed to Josiah Macy's Sons. His wife was Lydia
Hixssey, a member of an old Nantucket family.

William Henry Macy, eldest of the five sons of Josiah Macy,
was bom at Nantucket in 1805, and died in New York in 1887.
Besides being a partner in his father's firm, he was vice-president
of the Chamber of Commerce, president of the Seamen's Bank
for Savings, and of the Leather Manufacttu'ers' Bank, and an
officer of various other banks, trust companies, insurance com-
panies, and other business organizations. He ranked among the
most trusted and most influential merchants and financiers in
New York, and his name was a synonjon for honor and integrity.
He married Ehza L. Jenkins, daughter of Sylvanus F. Jenkins,
and had seven children.

Josiah Macy, Jr., was the sixth of these children, and was bom
in New York in 1838. He was educated at a Friends' school in
New York, and was destined for a mercantile career, and at the
age of twenty-one years was taken into partnership in the firm
of Josiah Macy & Sons, founded by his father and grandfather.
With that firm he was identified for some time.

Later Mr. Macy withdrew from his father's firm and became
president of the Devoe Manufacturing Company. This was one
of the first companies consolidated into the great Standard Oil
Company. He was also actively interested in the produce busi-
ness in New York, and was president of the Produce Exchange,
as well as of the Devoe Manufacturing Company, at the time of
his death.

JOSIAH MACY, JR.

2on

Mr, Macy was married, in 1858, to Miss Caroline L. Everit of
Brooklyn, New York, who bore him three children, two daughters
and a son, who were named Maiy K. Macy, Kate E. Macy, and
V. Everit Macy.

Mr. Macy took an active interest in the Centennial Exposition
at Pliiladelphia in 1876, but that enterprise proved fatal to him.
He contracted typhoid fever while in attendence upon it, and
died before the end of the year, at the early age of less than
thii-ty-nine.

V. EVERIT MACY

THE founder of the Macy family in America was Thomas
Macy of Nantucket. He was born at Chihnark, near Sahs-
bury, England, in 1608, and in 1635 came to this country and
settled at Newbury, Massachusetts, of which place he was a
fi-eeman in 1639. In the latter year he removed to Salisbury,
of which place he was one of the founders and in which he held
many important of&ces. Gradually, however, there arose against
him such animosity as finally compelled him to remove from the
place and seek the most remote part of the colony. This was
because of his generous tolerance in religious matters. He was
an adherent of the Baptist faith. That fact in itself did not
commend him to his Puritan neighbors. In addition, he was
charitably disposed toward all other Christian faiths, and espe-
cially toward the Society of Friends, or Quakers. These latter
were at that time under the ban not only of prejudice but of law
in Massachusetts. But they found in Thomas Macy a firm
friend, who not only championed their cause, but gave them
shelter from their persecutors. For this cause persecution was
presently tru'ned against Thomas Macy himself, with the result
of driving him away from Salisbury. He remained firm in his
liberal principles, however, and in later generations some of his
descendants became members of that very Society of Friends
which he had championed.

Seeking a place where he might cherish his faith unmolested,
Thomas Macy went with eight others to the island of Nantucket,
and purchased the whole of it from the Indians, who were at
that time its only occupants. There he and his family made
their home for many generations, founding there that commu-

210

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OL/Ca_^

V. EVERIT MACY 211

nity of hardy and daring mariners which has made the name of
the island famous the world around.

Thomas Maey was the first Recorder of Nantucket, and was
for many years a Rej^resentative to the General Court of the
Massachusetts colony. He was also a lieutenant in the colonial
forces dm-ing King Philip's War. From him are descended the
present members of the Macy family in the United States,
through a long line of noted Nantucket ship-owners and skippers,
the members of which have intermarried with the Starbucks,
Cof&ns, and other old families of that historic place.

The Macy family was transferred to New York early in the
last century by Josiah Macy, who was l)orn in Nantucket in
1785, and who died at Kye, in the suburbs of New York, in 1S72.
He was the son of a ship-owner and captain who had a fine line
of Livei"pool packets, and he himself followed the same business
for a number of years. In 1828, however, he removed to New
York, and there founded, with his son William Henry Macy, the
mercantile commission house of Josiah Macj^ & Son, afterward,
on the admission of another son as partner, Josiah Macy &
Sons, and still later, after the father's retirement, Josiah Macy's
Sons. Josiah Macy was a member of the Society of Friends
and was esteemed as one of the most upright business men of
his day. He was a director of the Tradesmen's Bank and of the
City Fire Insui-ance Company.

William Henry Macy, eldest of the seven children of Josiah
Macy, was born at Nantucket in 1805, came to New York city
in early life, and later became his father's pai-tner, and was for
many years one of the foremost merchants and bankers of the
metropolis. He was vice-president of the Chamber of Com-
merce and of the United States Trust Company, president of
the Leather Manufacturers' Bank, of the Seamen's Bank for
Savings, and a director of the Bank of Commerce, the City Fire
Insurance Company, the National Insurance Company, and the
Atlantic Insurance Company, and president of New York Hos-
pital. He raaiTied Eliza L. Jenkins, daughter of Sylvanus F.
Jenkins, and died in New York in 1887.

Josiah Macy, Jr., son of William H. and Eliza Jenkins Macy,
was bom in New York in 1838, and died in 1876. He was for a
time a partner of his father, but left him to become president of

2]^2 ^- EVERIT MACY

the Devoe Manufacturing Oompauy, an oil-house which was one
of the first concerns incorporated to form the Standard Oil
Company. Josiah Macy, Jr., married Miss Carohne L. Everit
of Brooklyn, and to them was bom, in New York city, on March
23, 1871, the subject of this sketch.

V. Everit Macy was carefully educated, and was graduated
from the Architectural Department of Columbia University in
1893. He has never engaged in any business, but has devoted
his activities chiefly to philanthropic work. Thus he is treasurer
of the People's Institute and of the City Club, and a trustee of
the University Settlement Society, of the George Junior Repub-
lic, and of the Teachers' College, of New York. For the sake of
ci\ic betterment he has taken an active part in several political
campaigns, and was a member of the Central Committee of the
Citizens' Union in 1897, and was connected with the independent
State campaign of 1898.

Mr. Macy is a member of the University, Racquet, City,
Reform, St. Anthony, Knollwood, and Midday clubs, and of the
Century Association of New York. He was married, in 1896, to
Miss Edith W. Carpenter, who has borne him two sons, V. Everit
Macy, Jr., and Josiah Macy.

WILLIAM HENRY MACY

THE real founder of the New York commercial house of
Josiah Macy's Sous, famous now for the best part of a
century, was one of those sons, by name William Henry Macy.
He came from the Macy family which was transplanted from
Chilmark, Sahsbury, England, in 16;]5, to the Massachusetts
Bay colony, in the person of Thomas Macy, who dwelt tirst at
Newbury, Massachusetts, then at Salisbuiy, of which he was
one of the foimders, and finally, for the sake of religious freedom
and because of his sympathy with the then persecuted Society
of Friends, upon the island of Nantucket, which he and eight
others purchased from the Indians in 1659. The family was
from early times intimately identified with the seafaring inter-
ests and industries of Nantucket, and many of its members
became suceessfid sea-captains and shi]>-owners. The Macys
intermarried with other prominent families of the island, and
many of the foremost residents of Nantucket at this day can
claim kinship with them.

Among the sea-captains and ship-owners of this family in
Nantucket was Josiah Macy, who was born at Nantucket on
February 25, 1785, and died at Rye, New York, on May 20, 1872.
He was a particularly successful ship-captain and -owner for
years at Nantucket, and afterward was a conspicuous shipping
and commission merchant in New York city. He niamed, on
February G, 18U5, Lydia Hussey, a member of one of the oldest
Nantucket families, who bore him five sons and two daughters.
These were William Henry, Charles A., Josiah Gr., Francis H.,
John H., Lydia H., and Ann Eliza Macy. Mr. Macy was a
prominent member of the Society of Friends, on account of the
persecution of which in early times his first American ancestor

213

214 WILLIAM HENBY MAOY

had founded the community of Nantucket, and was known not
only as a successful merchant, but as a public-spirited and
benevolent member of society.

William Henry Macy, the eldest son of Josiah and Lydia
Hussey Macy, was born on the island of Nantucket, Massachu-
setts, on November 4, 1805. His education was acquii-ed in the
schools of his native place, and was thorough and practical.
Heredity and inclination combined to direct him toward the
shipping business, but his energies were not to be confined to
the island which had hitherto for a century and a half been the
home of his ancestors.

At the age of eighteen years, in 1823, he came to New York
city, which was then evidently destined to be the commercial
metropohs of the Western world. He spent thi*ee years as an
employee in a shipping-office, and then, on attaining his major-
ity, had the courage and enterprise to begin business on his own
account.

That was in 1826. The name of Macy was and had long been
well known in the shipping world, especially in that of New
England. Naturally every Nantucket skipper and ship-owner,
and many others from other parts of New England, took an
interest in the Nantucket boy in New York, and gave him en-
couraging patronage. His business was successful from the
first, and grew rapidly and substantially.

Two years after the establishment of his venture, he was
joined by his father, who came to New York from Nantucket,
and the name of Josiah Macy & Son was placed over their office
door. The next year his brother Josiah Gr. Macy was taken
into the firm, and the name was changed to its historic form of
Josiah Macy & Sons. Thus it remained until 1833, when the
father retired from business and the name was accordingly
changed to Josiah Macy's Sons.

William H. Macy was identified with numerous other impor-
tant interests besides the shipping commission biisiness, in all of
which he discharged his duties with distinguished probity and
success. In 1834 he joined the Chamber of Commerce of the
State of New York, and afterward was its vice-president. He
presently turned much of his attention to financial matters, and
became one of the foremost bankers of the city of New York.

mMi

WILLIAM HENRY MACY 215

Thus in 1845 he became a dii'ector of the Leather Manufac-
turers' Bank, and on March 5, 1855, was chosen its president.
He became a trustee of the Seamen's Bank for Savings on Jan-
uaiy 12, 1848, its vice-president in 1851, and on June 3, 1863, its
])resident, which latter office he fiUed until the end of his life.

Mr. Macy was also vice-president of the United States Trust
Company, and a director of the Bank of Commerce, the City
Fire Insurance Company, the National Fire Iusm"ance Company,
the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company, and some other cor-
porations. Owing to his conspicuous integrity and ability, he
was chosen to be the tmstee of many charities and the executor
of several large estates.

Mr. Macy married Miss Ehza L. Jenkins, daughter of Sylvanus
F. Jenkins, and had five children : Mary J., wife of William M.
Kingsland, CorneUa M., wife of Isaac H. Walker, Sylvanus J.,
WiUiam Hemy, and Josiah Macy, Jr.

JOHN AUGUSTUS MAPES

THE family of Mapes has for many generations been settled
in Orange County, New York, and has been conspicuous
there and elsewhere for character and enterprise. It originally
came from England and settled on Long Island, whence, about
two hundred years ago, one branch of it removed to Orange
County. In the last generation Edward Mapes was a successful
clothing merchant, residing in the town of Blooming Grove,
Orange County, and to him and his wife, Deborah A. Mapes,
was born, on January 1, 1833, the subject of the present sketch,
John Augustus Mapes.

The boy was educated at first in the local schools. Then he
was sent to the Cornwall English and Classical School, at Corn-
wall, on the Hudson. Turning his attention to the law, he be-
came a student in the law office of Wilkin & Grott, at Goshen,
Orange County. At the same time he taught school for a year,
and eked out his expenses by writing in the County Clerk's
office. Thus he early learned to depend i;pou his own energies
for success, and, indeed, for support, and thus developed the self-
reliance and energy which are indispensable elements of high
achievement.

Orange County, one of the fairest rural regions in the Empire
State, was good enough to be born in, to grow up in, and to pur-
sue his early labors in. But the young man was too ambitious
to let his professional horizon be bounded by its farms and hihs.
He had a metropoUtan career in view, and aspired to win suc-
cess in the field where success is hardest to attain, because the
exactions are greater and the competition keener than elsewhere,
but where the success is also greatest when it is attained. He

210

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» -a

iU.

JOHN AUGUSTUH MAPE8 217

was aduiitted to the bar iu 1855, and iuimediately came to New-
York city to begin the practice of his profession.

He did not at once " hang out his shingle" on his own account,
however, but wisely (Altered an established office. He was so
fortuuate as to make his lirst eouuectiun with the office of Enoch
L. Fancher, then a leader of the bar, and afterward justice of the
Supreme Com"t and a member of the Court of Arbitration. For
five years Mr. Mapes was in that office. Then, with his standing
well assiu'ed, in 18G0 he l)egan practice on his own account, and
has maintained it with general and gratifying success down to
the present time. His practice has been of a miscellaneous and
general character, though he has been stated counsel for a num-
ber of organizations. He is present coiinsel for the General
Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, the New York Produce
Exchange Bank, the Garfield Safe Deposit Company, and other
large institutions.

His general business interests have been such as naturally
have gi-own out of his legal work. He has taken no active part
iu political affah's, beyond discharging the duties of a citizen.

Mr. Mapes is a member of the American Institute, the Colonial
Club, and the Craftsmen's Club. He has for many years been
a leading member of various Masonic bodies, — lodge, chapter,
council, commaudeiy, including the Scottish Rite, — and is a
Passed Grand Commander of the Order of Knights Templar of
this State.

He was married, in September, 1859, to Miss Sarah S. Strong,
at Goshen, New York. Of their children only one is now living,
a son, named Augustus Strong Mapes, who is a lawyer and is in
business with his father.

JOHN BAPTIST MARSHALL

THE progenitors of the Marshall family came to this country
from England in colonial days, and made themselves posi-
tive forces in the development of the rising nation. Joseph
Marshall, the great-great-grandfather of the subject of this
sketch, was a distinguished officer of the American army in the
War of the Revolution. Another ancestor, William Beard, a
great-grandfather of our subject, was also an officer in that
army. On his mother's side, Mr. Marshall's gi*andfather was
William R. Jones, a native of Kentucky, brought up after the
manner of a Southern gentleman's son of those days. In earty
life he removed to Ohio, and mamed Susan Ketring, who came
of sturdy Pennsylvania Dutch stock. Then he went to Indiana,
where he farmed, taught school, and was prominent among the
pioneers of that State. Of his twelve children, the eleventh was
Sophia, who became the mother of our subject. Mr. Marshall's
father was the Rev. Elbridge Marshall, a Baptist minister, who
was bom in New Hampshire, educated at Dartmouth College and
the Union Theological Seminary of New York, and went to In-
diana to preach and teach. There he met Sophia Jones and
married her.

John Baptist Marshall, their son, was born at State Line,
Warren County, Indiana, on March 1, 1863. While still in his
infancy, he was taken by his parents to Kansas, where his boy-
hood was spent. He attended the local district schools, which
were not then of a particularly high grade. His education
was chiefly self-acquired, through home study, for which his
facilities were respectable, if not ample. At the age of fifteen
he was so proficient in his studies as to be able to teach in a
pubhc school with great acceptability. This was in Anderson

218

JOHN BAPTIST MARSHALL 219

County, Kansas, where he enjoyed much local fame as the " boy
teacher." At eighteen years of age, he made a trip in a wagon
across the Indian Territory to Texas, accompanied by his eldest
brother, Elbridge Moody Marshall. Soon after reaching Texas,
they visited a camp-meeting, and introduced themselves to the
people, with the result that they both soon secured engagements
to teach school.

Mr. Marshall then formed a business partnership with a Miss
Houston, a highly educated lady from Illinois, and with her
founded the Valley Creek High School, at Valley Creek, Fannin
County, Texas. This was both a public and private school, and
was attended by pupils from distant parts of the State, as well
as from the vicinity. Mr. Howard L. Parmele, formerly of New
York, erected the building for it at his own expense.

Feeling the need, however, of a more liberal education for
himself, Mr. Marshall returned to Kansas, spent another year in
teaching in the public school at Newton, then was Superintendent
of Public Schools at Lamed, Kansas, and then came to New York
to pursue his studies. Here he turned his attention to the law.
This was in 188-1. Being without means, he was compelled to
spend the entire period of his student hfe as a clerk in a law
office. A part of his time was spent in the office of his uncle,
Jonathan Marshall, and the rest in the offices of Charles E. Hill
and Linus A. Gould.

Mr. Marshall was admitted to the bar in March, 1889. His
first chent was the important dry -goods jobbing house of Lee,
Tweedy & Co., whose annual retainer enabled the young lawyer
to maintain an office and look for other patronage. The latter
came in due time, in generous measure, and Mr. Marshall became
what he is to-day — a prosperous and prominent member of the
metropolitan bar. His present practice is of a general and mis-
cellaneous character.

Mr. Marshall is a member of the Lawyers' Club, the New
England Society, Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., Common-
wealth Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, the Sons of the
American Revolution, and the Baptist Social Union of Manhat-
tan Island.

JAMES MADISON MARVIN

JAMES MADISON MARVIN, who has had a long career as
a pohtical leader, banker, hotel proprietor, and public-
spirited citizen of New York State, comes of an English familj^
which was settled here in the first half of the seventeenth century.
The pioneer, Matthew Marvin, came from England in 1635, and
became one of the founders of Hartford, Connecticut. Later he
hved at Norwalk, Connecticut, and in 1654 represented that town
in the colonial Legislatiu-e. He died in 1680, leaving a son,
Matthew Marvin II, who had been born in England, and was
among the first settlers of Norwalk and its Representative in the
colonial Legislature in 1694- and 1697. His son, Samuel Marvin,
was also a Norwalk Representative in the Connecticut Legislature,
in 1718. A great-grandson of Samuel Marvin was William Mar-
vin of Ballston, Saratoga County, New York, to which place part
of the family had migrated. He married Mary Benedict, a
daughter of a prominent family of that name, who bore him three
sons.

The youngest of these sons of William and Mary Benedict
Marvin is James Madison Marvin, who was born at Ballston,
New York, on February 27, 1809, a week before the distinguished
statesman for whom he was named was inaugurated President of
the United States. He received a good education at local schools,
and then, at the early age of nineteen years, became the manager
of a hotel at Saratoga Springs, New York. A year later, in 1829,
he became manager of the American Hotel at Albany. The next
year he went back to Saratoga Springs, and became one of the
proprietors of the famous United States Hotel. His connection
with that house remained unbroken for many years. From 1852
to 1865 he was its sole proprietor. In the last-named year, how-

220

/7

■:3^/://

^/^-^yn^-V

JAMES MADISOX MAUVIX 221

ever, it was destroyed by fire, aud when rebuilt it passed into
other bauds.

Mr. Marvin's interest in banking dates from 1841, when, in part-
nership with his brother, he estabhshed tlie Bank of Saratoga
Springs. Of that institution he was cashier from its opening
until January 1, 1894, when it was reorganized as the First
National Bank of Saratoga Springs, and he was elected president
of it. Mr. Marvin was one of the first water commissioners of
Saratoga. For more than thirty yea7-s he has been one of the
directors of the Schenectady aud Saratoga Railroad. He was, in
1859, one of the originators and iueoi'porators of the Saratoga
Monument Association, and was for many years its vice-president.
He was elected the first president of the Saratoga Club at its
establishment in 1891. For about half a century he has been a
vestryman of Bethesda Protestant Episcopal Church, at Sara-
toga.

Mr. Marvin's political career began in 1845 with his election
to the office of Supervisor of the town of Saratoga. In the fall
of the same year he was elected to the State Assembly, as a
Whig, despite the fact that the country usually went strongly
Democratic. When the reorganization of the two great parties
began, in 1856, Mr. Marvin affiliated with the Democratic party,
and acted with it, in opposition to the new Republican party,
until after the outbreak of the Ci^al War. He was nominated
and elected a Representative in Congi'ess in 1862, on what was
then known as the Union ticket, his supporters being chiefly
Democrats devoted to the maintenance of the Union and the
support of the federal government. He was reelected in 1864,
and again in 1866, and throughout the three terms gave strong
support to the federal government in its efforts to suppress the
rebellion and to reconstnict the Southern States. He cooperated
with the Repubhcan majority in Congress in enacting the mea-
sures rendered necessary by the abolition of slavery, and in
securing the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment to the
Constitution.

]\Ir. Marvin was married, in 1838, to Rhody H. Bai-num,
daughter of Eh Barnum of Ballston Spa, New York.

SELDEN ERASTUS MARVIN

r¥lHE first of the Marvin family in America was Reginald
J- Marvin, who came hither from the south of England in
the winter of 1634-35. He probably landed at Boston, but soon
moved into Connecticut, where many of his descendants are still
living. His son, Reinold Marvin, a heutenant in the army, set-
tled at Lyme, and was one of the committee which, in 1665,
divided Lyme from Saybrook. In a later generation Selden
Marvin was the first of the family to leave New England. He
went to Chautauqua County, New York, about 1808. His sou,
Richard Pratt Marvin, was a justice of the Supreme Court of
this State for twenty-four years ; married Isabella Newland, and
was the father of the subject of this sketch.

Selden Erastus Marvin was born at Jamestown, Chautauqua
County, New York, on August 20, 1835. He was educated in
the public schools and academy at Jamestown, and afterward
in the private school of Professor Russell at New Haven,
Connecticut. On leaving school he entered the Chautauqua
County Bank at Jamestown, first as bookkeeper and then as
teller. In 1859 he was made cashier of the bank, and served in
that capacity for three years. Then the call of the nation was
stronger than that of business interests. In July, 1862, he was
appointed adjutant of the One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment,
New York Volunteers, and on the 17th of that month was mus-
tered into the service of the nation. He served as adjutant
and as assistant adjutant-general of Foster's Brigade, Army of
Southern Virginia, until September, 1863, when he was ap-
pointed additional paymaster of United States Volunteers, in
the Ai-my of the Potomac. On December 27, 1864, he resigned
to accept the place of paymaster-general of the State of New

I

I

SELDEN ERASTUS MARVIN 223

York, under Govenior Feuton, and on the latter's reelection
was made adjxitant-general.

His subsequent business career may be briefly summed up as
follows : From 18G9 to 1873 be was a member of tlie Now York
banking firm of Morgan, Keene & Marvin ; from 1874 to 1885
he was secretary and treasurer of the Albany and Rensselaer
L'on and Steel Company of Troy ; from 1885 to 1893 he was
sorretary and treasurer of the Troy Iron and Steel Company;
from 1893 to 1895 he was a director engaged in closing up the
business of the last-named company; and in 1894 he became
president of the Hudson River Telephone Company, the Albany
District Telegi'aph Company, and the Albany City Savings
Bank, which offices he held for the remamder of his life. He
held no political place, save that of a member of the State Board
of Charities, to which office he was appointed by Governor Mor-
ton in 1895.

'Ml'. Marvin was a prominent member of the Protestant E{)is-
copal Church, and held various high lay offices therein, including
that of treasurer of the Diocese of Albany for more than
twenty-four years. He was a member of the board of directors
of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Chm'ch
in the United States, and of the Chapter of All Saints' Cathedral,
Alljany. He was a member of the Fort Orange Club of Albany,
the Albany Country Club, the Anny and Navy Club of New
York, and the Loyal Legion. He was mamed, on September 24,
1868, to Katherine Langdon, daughter of Judge Amasa J. Par-
ker of Albany, and had four sons and two daughters, namely,
Selden Erastus, Jr., Grace Parker, Langdon Parker, Edmund
Roberts, Richard Pratt, who died in infancy, and Katherine
Langdon.

Mr. Marvin died on January 19, 1899, suddenly, in this city,
whither he had come for medical treatment.

THOMAS FALES MASON

THOMAS FALES MASON was descended from an old fam-
ily whose founder, Sampson Mason, came from England
and settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts, where he resided in
1649. He hved in Rehohoth in 1657, becoming one of the pro-
prietors of that town and a man of wealth. He was one of the
signers of the agreement setting off the town of Swansea, Mas-
sachusetts, where many of his numerous descendants lived and
have been influential in public affairs as statesmen, soldiers,
preachers, and scholars, and some tillers of the soil. Among the
last named in the latter part of the last century was one Joseph
Mason, who was also the son of a farmer. His wife was Sarah
Fales, of a family that came over in the Mayflower. To this
couple was born, at then' old Swansea home, on January 6, 1815,
a son, to whom they gave the name of Thomas Fales Mason, and
whom they destined for a farmer. They gave him as good a
common-school education as he could get in the first fifteen
years of his hfe, and then he went to work on the farm.

His destiny was more in his own hands, however, than in his
parents' intentions. He learned the duties of a farmer, even at
that early age showing his mind to be original and his will mas-
terful. But the work was not to his taste, and at the age of
sixteen he left it, taught school for a time, and then entered a
grocery store. It was no part of his plan, however, to remain a
clerk ; so at the age of nineteen he formed a partnership with
a friend and opened a clothing store on his own account, at
Woonsocket, Rhode Island, where he won a moderate success,
gained experience, and increased ambition. His next move was
to Rochester, New York, where he opened a general dry-goods
establishment.

'l-li:

THOMAS FALES MASON 225

About 1848 he became interested in niininof, a subject then
coniinix to tlie fore in the pubhc mind, and with a party of
friends he vrcut to Michigan on a prospecting tour. The mines
they found did not seem to them worth investing in. But they
determined not to let their trip be altogether without result, so
Mr. ^lason and two of his friends purchased a large tract of wild
land. On this they had noticed indications of copper deposits,
and fm*ther investigations contirmed their estimate. On this
land they presently developed the famous Minnesota Copper
Mine, in Ontonagon County, Michigan, one of the richest known
at that time. Later Mr. Mason bought and developed the great
Quincy Mine, which is still highly productive, and also some
other mining properties of considerable value. He organized
and to the end of his life controlled the Quincy Mining Com-
pany, and was actively interested in various other mining enter-
prises. All his eai'ly associates, such as John C. Tucker, S. J
W. Bany, William Pearsall, Moses A. Hoppock, Wilham E.
Dodge, William Hickok, and E. C. Roberts, died before him.
But he remained hale and vigorous, his exemplary habits of life
and his practice of spending much of his time in the open air in
the Lake Superior region having given him marked immunity
from the ills of the tlesh. He died, however, in 1899.

Mr. Mason was a member of the Union League Club. He
never entered political life. In 1845 he was married to Jane
Bissell Watson of Rochester. They had one child, Thomas
Henry Mason, a prominent New York banker.

HIBBERT B. MASTERS

CONSPICUOUS among the leaders in business, social, and
political Life who have been given to this country by other
lands, neighboring or remote, is Colonel Hibbert B. Masters, a
native of Nova Scotia, a resident of Brooklyn, and a business
man of New York, Florida, and Alabama. He was born at
Kentville, Nova Scotia, in 1839, and in his early years was
brought to Boston, Massachusetts, where his boyhood was spent.
His education was begun in the schools of Boston, and was pur-
sued later in the academy at Hebron, Maine.

Mr, Masters came to New York in 1860, when he was twenty
years of age. It was his purpose to devote his attention at once
to a mercantile life, and he did actually enter business. The
outbreak of the Civil War in the spring of 1861, however, altered
his plans. The call of his adopted country was stronger than
that of shop and market. He was among the first to go to the
front, in the ranks of the Eighth Regiment, New York State
militia, and served for three months. During that time he par-
ticipated in the first battle of Bull Run. At the end of the thi"ee
months for which the troops had been called he was, mth his
comrades, mustered out of the service. He was not content,
however, to return to peaceful pursuits when there was need of
soldiers in the field, so he secured a commission fi-om the Gov-
ernor of the State of New York, and recruited an independent
company of infantry in New York city, which was presently
incorporated into the Fifty-fifth Regiment, New York Volun-
teers, under Colonel De Trobriand. His next service at the
front was as acting quartermaster of Peck's Brigade, in McClol-
lan's army. His duties in that place were interrupted by his
capture by General J. E. B. Stuart, and his consequent impris-

220

HIBBERT B. MASTERS 227

onment as a prisoner of war at Richmond. He escaped from
prison, and made his way as far as Walkerton, where lie
was recaptured and returned to Richmond. A second time he
escaped, and a second time he was recaptured at Miller's Tavcra.
His captivity was tinally ended by exchange, while the Federal
Army was at Hamson's Landing. After the second battle of
Bull Run he was assigned to staff duty as commissaiy of sub-
sistence, with the rank of captain. In that capacity he served
until the end of the war, when he was honorably mustered out
with the brevet rank of major "for gallant and meritorious
service,"

On the return of peace Colonel Masters came back to mercan-
tile life, and for a year was in business in Portland, IMaine. The
great fire of 1866 in that city disturbed him, and he then came
to New York city and entered the employment of the great dry-
goods fii'm of S. B. Chittenden & Co. At a later date he was
employed by Messrs. Eldredge, Dunham & Co. After twelve
years of service, marked with steadily increasing success, he de-
cided to be his own employer. He accordingly entered the com-
uussion business on his own account, trading with houses in the
principal cities of the South. In this career he prospered, and
at the present time he has a lai-ge commission business in New
York, is proprietor of one of the largest mercantile houses in the
State of Florida, and is partner in a large establishment in
Mobile, Alabama.

Colonel Masters is a strong RepubUcan in politics, but has
held no public office, and has not identified himself conspicu-
ously with party management. As president of the Union
League Club of Brooklyn, however, he is regarded as a represen-
tative and iufluential member of the party. He was elected
president of the Union League Club in the spi'ing of 1900, after
having been its first vice-president, chairman of its Social Com-
mittee, member of its Art Committee, etc. H(^ is also a member
of the Loyal Legion, Commander of E. T. Tefft Post, Grand
Army of the Republic, and member of the Salmagundi Clul) and
other organizations. For fifteen years he served on the staff of
Major-General Shaler, commander of the First Division of the
National Guards of the State of New York.

While he was serving the country in the Federal Army, Colo-

228

HIBBEKT B. MASTERS

nel Masters found time and opportunity to begin a domestic
life. He was mamed on February 13, 1863, to Miss Clara Lovell
Everett of Wrentbam, Massacbusetts, wbo bas borne bim two
sons and tliree daugbters.

Colonel Masters bas for many years been a resident of Brook-
lyn, wbere bis business enterprise, public spirit, and bigb culture
bave made bim a marked figure in society. He is a fine Sbak-
sperian scbolar, and a man of bigb literary and artistic culture,
as well as of genial and attractive personality. He bas tbe rare
distinction, wbicb is a source of great satisfaction to bim, of
never in all bis life baving even tasted any spirituous or malt
liquor.

Ibu.

FRANK JEWETT MATHER

THE name of Mather has been conspicuous in New England
history ever since Richard Mather came from England in
1635 and settled at Boston. His son and gi-audson, Increase
and Cotton Mather, were among the foremost men of their day.
In a later generation Joseph Higgins Mather built the first store,
the first wharf, and the fii'st manufactory at Lyme, Connecticut,
was a prominent book-publisher at Hartford, and was a member
of the State Legislature. He married Sarah Selden Jewett, a
daughter of David Moody Jewett of Lyme, one of the most
noted lawyers of the State. Their eldest son was a famous
mathematician and Hebrew scholar at Newton Theological In-
stitution. Their second son was a gallant officer of the United
States navy.

Frank Jewett Mather, their fourth son, was bom at Deep
River, Connecticut, on January 10, 1835. He was educated at
Sufifield, Connecticut ; at Brown Universitj^, Providence, Rhode
Island; and at the Albany Law School, Albany, New York.
He also studied and practised law with Judge Selden and with
Governor Church at Rochester, New York. He prepared a syn-
opsis of the law lectures, approved by the lecturers, and pub-
lished by Banks Brothers of New York, while in the law school.

In his earlier years Mr. Mather traveled extensively in all
parts of the world. While engaged in the legal profession in
New York, he has had many other business interests. Nomi-
nation to legislative office has been tendered to him, but
dechned. He was also lu'ged as a caniUdate for Minister to
Switzerland, under the McKinley administration, by leading
judges and lawyers, bankers, college presidents, and others, and
his appointment was requested by Secretary Sheiman ; but

229

230 FRANK JEWETT MATHER

domestic and business considerations impelled him to withdraw
his name.

Mr. Mather's practice has taken him into the highest courts
in many States, federal courts in several States, various depart-
ments at Washington, and the Supreme Court of the United
States. He has been engaged in cases in association with many
of the most eminent lawyers in America. He is a member of
the bar of the State of New York, and of the federal com-ts of
this State, of the bar of South Carolina, and of the Supreme
Court of the United States. His practice has been more than
usually varied in important litigation.

He has been employed as counsel in the federal courts of New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Ohio, and Wiscon-
sin, and in all the State courts of New York, New Jersey,
Connecticut, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, and South
Carolina.

He is a member of the Hamilton Club of Brooklyn, and of
various other social organizations. He received the honorary
degree of Master of Ai'ts from Wilhams College in 1889.

Mr. Mather was married, in 1866, to Miss Caroline A. Graves
of Brooklyn. Their eldest son, a graduate of Williams College,
PeUow and Ph. D. of Johns Hopkins, and student at Berlin and
Paris, was assistant professor of Old English and the Romance
languages in Williams College, and has been called to one of
the literary editorships of the New York " Evening Post." He
was selected by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. to edit their Riverside
Edition of Chaucer, which he did. Three other sons, all college-
bred, are engaged in business and in study. Two daughters
are living. One daughter died, at the age of thu-teen, in 1896,
and one son, Sidney, at the age of twenty-nine, in 1901.

HUDSON MAXIM

HUDSON MAXIM was bora in the town of Oraeville,
Maine, on Febniary 3, 1853. He was the fourth son of a
family of six boys and two girls. His father, Isaac Maxim, was
of Enghsh and French-Hncruonot extraction, and his mother,
Harriet, was of purely English blood. The name Maxim is
doubtless of French derivation. Both parents were endowed
with great physical strength, attractive personality, and remark-
able mental qualities. Inventive genius and aptitude at expedi-
ents was a strong characteristic of both parents. Isaac Maxim
recommended armor-plate and submarine torpedoes, and foresaw
the advent of quick-tiring guns more than fifty years ago. He
invented a revolving machine-g\in which he had not the means
of building. Harriet Maxim was possessed of a vast store of
information concerning the nature and use of the herbs of the
field and the treatment of disease. The father died of consump-
tion at the age of sixty-nine, and the mother of pneumonia at
the age of eighty-six.

Two of the brothers, Leander and Henry, lost their lives in
the American Rebellion. Leander, enlisting at the age of fifteen,
was not accepted by the enlisting officer until he had Ufted a
barrel of plaster weighing foiir hundred pounds, demonstrating
that he at least had the strength of a man. All of the brothers
were inventors, Frank at the age of twelve inventing a prac-
ticable potato-digger, and actually making a wooden clock which
kept good time.

Hudson, the subject of this sketch, Hiram, of automatic-gun
fame, and Samuel, are now the only sui-vivors of the family.
Hiram, the eldest of the family, is thirteen years older than
Hudson.

Hiulsou Maxim was first christened Isaac, after his father,

231

232 HUDSON MAXIM

but when a boy in school his name was changed to Hudson.
His i^arents were very poor, and Hudson had never a hat nor a
pair of shoes imtil the age of thirteen, although he frequently
attended school, at a distance of two miles, after snowfall. He
learned the letters of the alphabet at the age of nine. He was
obliged to endure extraordinary hardships and privations in
order to attend school and provide himself with books, food, and
clothing. His studies were therefoi'e necessarily very desultory.
But he persistently stuck to his task until the age of twenty-five,
when he finished his schooling at Kent's Hill, Maine, possessed
of a very good academic education, both scientific and classical.
While prosecuting his other studies at school he had prepared
himself for college in medicine.

On quitting school, however, he entered the printing and sub-
scription book-publishing business, finally establishing himself
at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where, in the year 1883, he used
more than twenty thousand dollars' worth of postage-stamps,
and his mail matter sometimes amounted to a ton in a day. Of
one book he sold nearly half a million copies. He invented a
new process for printing in colors. He foresaw the advantage
of colored work in the daily press, and experimented by printing
in colors one issue of the Pittsfield " Evening Journal," which
was possibly the fii'st daily newspaper thus printed.

At the age of twenty-two he reasoned out a method by which
he undertook to demonstrate that all matter consists of idtimate,
indivisible, solid atoms, having actual dimensions of extension,
although infinitely small, and that these atoms hold a similar
relation to masses of ponderable matter that the point holds in
geometry. He showed by this method of reasoning from self-
evident propositions the true principle of force, and that all
material manifestations and natural phenomena depend entirely
upon the number and mass and relative positions of the ultimate
atoms. He published his views on this subject in the "Scientific
American Supplement " in 1889.

Upon the introduction of the Maxim gun by the Maxim-Nor-
denfelt Guns and Ammunition Company of London in 1888, he
became the American representative of that company, under a
two years' contract. He then made a special study of the sub-
ject of gunpowder, and was the first either to make or submit

HUDSON MAXIM 2."};]

for test smokeless powder in tlu' United States. Upon the
expii-ation of his contraet with the said company, Hudson Maxim
huilt two powder-mills at Maxim (a small place named for him
near Lakewood, Xew Jersey), one for high explosives, and the
other for smokeless powders. It was there that the Maxim-
Schiipphaus smokeless powder was developed, which was after-
ward adopted by the United States government. All cannon-
powder employed by this government has since been made nndcr
his letters patent, lie was the hrst to make multi-perforated
smokeless powder, and he recommended its use for throwing
high explosives from cannon, and he was the first to design and
recommend the use of a powder-gun, of relatively large bore for
its weight, for throwing high explosives, and he was the first to
invent and patent a fuse for high-explosive projectiles having
the detonator placed rearward of the bursting charge, and in a
position of safety until after the projectile leaves the gun, when
the detonator moves forward into the charge in position to fii-e
it on striking the target.

In the early nineties he also directed his attention to electric
furnaces, and the process for making calcium carbide by incan-
descence of the carbide formed, now generally in use, was in-
vented by him; and he has recently received important United
States letters patent on this invention.

In 1896 he produced small diamonds by electro-deposition at
Faraday House, London, demonstrating the possibilities of an
invention of his for that process.

One of his most recent and most important inventions is
Maximite, lately adopted by the United States government as a
bursting charge for projectiles, which, although about fifty per
cent, more powerful than ordinary dynamite or even pure nitro-
glycerin, is so insensitive that it can be fired through the heavi-
est and hardest armor-plate without exploding until set off b}'
the fuse after passing through. Twelve-inch Harveyized nickel-
strcl plat I- has fi-equently been penetrated Avith projectiles
charged with this explosive.

Another invention of his which promises to have a revolu-
tionary effect in naval warfare is a system of driving automobile
toi-pedoes of the Whitehead type by means of a new fui'l sub-
stance of his invention known as Motorite, which resembles

234 HUDSON MAXIM

smokeless powder of the cordite class, and which is used to
make steam, enabling the employment of from 160 to 200
horse-power for the period of the run of a torpedo, as against
about 30 horse-power now available for the same period by the
use of compressed air. It takes but one second to get up full
steam from the word "go." It is expected to secure a speed
of from three quarters of a mile to a mile in a minute by
means of this system. Enough has already been accomplished
to assiu^e the practicability of the method.

Hudson Maxim is a frequent contributor on scientific subjects
to the leading periodicals.

He man-ied, in 1896, Miss Lilian Durban, daughter of the
Rev. W. Durban, M. A., a notable linguist and literary man of
London, England.

r^^TT^i^^^-Z^,

GEORGE WASHINGTON MILLER

AMERICAN nomenclature is largely characteristic. Many
-ilX. citizens of the United States bear names that are instantly
indicative of then- origin. Indeed, in not a few cases one can tell
from his name to what part of the republic, perhaps what State
and part of a State, a man belongs. Assuredly the name which
heads this sketch must belong to one of American parentage
and of patriotic antecedents. Such may confidently be assumed
to be the case, even though he was actually bom outside of the
Umits of the republic.

George Washington Miller was born in Canada, at Hamilton,
Ontario, on July 20, 1829. His parents were, however, citizens
of the United States, and in his infancy retm-ned hither. They
made their home at Rochester, New York, a city connected with
Canada by close personal and business relations. There, in the
public schools, young Miller acquired his general education. At
an early age he manifested a decided inclination toward the
legal profession, and accordingly, on completing his ordinary
schoohng, he began the study of law. In it he made gratifying
progress, and in 1850, at the age of twenty-one years, he was
admitted to practice at the bar of the State of New York.

Most lawyers are compelled to devote their attention for a
number of years to comparatively minor cases in the local courts,
and thus gradually to work their way into prominence before the
larger public. It was Mr. Miller's lot, however, to gain a State
reputation in the very first year of his practice. This was done
by arguing for the appellant a dilficult and important case before
the Coui-t of Appeals at Albany, the highest tribunal of the
State. His opponent was Nicholas Hill, Jr., who at that time
was an acknowledged leader of the Albany bar, and one of the

236 GEORGE WASHINGTON MILLEE

foremost lawyers of the State. Mr. Miller succeeded in defeating
his distinguished opponent, had the judgment of the lower courts
reversed, and won the case for his client. This notable victory,
together with other indications of his ability, led to his being
made Corporation Counsel of the city of Rochester, before he was
twenty-five years old. This was the first step in his public
career. A little later he was made United States District At-
torney for the Northern District of New York.

Mr. Miller has always been a Democrat, and has taken an
active part in political affairs. He has frequently represented
his district in State and national conventions, where he has
shown unusual facihty as a speaker. In the State Convention
of 1868 he presented the name of John T. Hoffman for Gov-
ernor. In 1870 Governor Hoffman appointed him Superinten-
dent of the Insurance Department of the State. Upon retiring
fi'om his office, Mr. Miller resumed the practice of law as a
partner of the Hon. Hamilton Harris, in Albany. In 1882 he
removed to New York city, where he has remained in the prac-
tice of his profession. His business has covered almost every
branch of the law, and he is well and favorably known in all the
courts of this and other States.

Mr. Miller is manied, and his family are very popular in
society, both here and in London, which latter city he has had
occasion frequently to visit, sometimes on business and some-
times for pleasm'e and recreation.

ISAAC NEWTON MILLER

rilHE names of Miller, Wood, and Greene are conspicuous in
X American history. The Millers were Puritans, early settled
in Connecticut, and giving to that colony and to the whole na-
tion in later days many prominent men. Among the present
generation of that family is William Hemy Hanison Miller, the
law partner of ex-President Hanison, and Attorney-General of
the United States in his Cabinet. He is a cousin of the subject of
the present sketch. The Wood family, of which our subject's
mother was a member, also dates back to the early days of New
England, and has been connected with that of Greene, the great
Quaker general of the Revolution, who was second only to
Washington himself.

Isaac Newton Miller was born at Augusta, Oneida County,
New York, on October 22, 1851, the son of Isaac C. and Elizabeth
Wood Miller. His father's father, Isaac MiUer, had removed to
Oneida County from Connecticut, and was the first white settler
of the to\NTi of Kirkland, Isaac N. Miller was sent at first to the
district school, then to a seminary at Whitestone, New York,
and then to the High School at Clinton, New York, where he was
prepared for college. At the age of eighteen he entered Hamil-
ton College and pursued the regular classical course, to which he
added, in the latter haK of it, a course in statutoiy and common
law. He was graduated a Bachelor of Arts in 1873, and a year
later was gi-aduatcd from the Law School of Hamilton College,
and was admitted to practice at the bar. Instead of entering at
once upon the practice of law, he came to New York, and pur-
sued a postgraduate course in the Law School of Columbia
College. Having completed that, he estabhshed himself as
a practising lawyer in this city.

238 ISAAC NEWTON MILLER

Mr. Miller entered into no partnerships, bnt carried on his
office and his practice alone. Steadily, year by year, he won
important patronage, and held it fast by virtue of his devotion
to the interests of his clients and his success in maintaining
them. The only approach to a partnership was his assumption
of the management of all the cases of the late Henry Brewster dui'-
ing the last years of that venerable lawyer's Uf e. Mr. Miller's prac-
tice has been for some years almost exclusively in disputed cases
before the Supreme Court of this State. He conducted the case of
Clare vs. the Providence and Stonington Steamship Company, and
was the only lawyer who succeeded in recovering damages from
that company for loss of life in the great disaster of June 11,
1880, when some twoscore lives were sacrificed. The litigation
in this famous case extended over about eight years. The case
of Ledyard vs. Bull was another of his of exceptional interest.
In it the administrators of Asa Worthington, formerly United
States minister to Peru, brought suit for an accounting by H. W.
Worthington, and a number of vmique law points were involved,
which Mr. Miller's thorough grasp of legal principles enabled him
to conduct to an issue favorable to his client. He has also had
charge of several important cases before the British Com't of
Appeals, necessitating frequent visits to England. In these he
has been uniformly successful.

Mr. MiUer has always been a Republican in politics, though he
has preferred to devote his attention to his profession rather
than to the duties of pubhc office. He makes his home and main-
tains his legal residence in New Jersey, and has in that State a
large law practice, necessitating the keeping of a branch office in
Jersey City. His home is at Lakeview, near Paterson, New Jer-
sey, where he has one of the handsomest houses in that part of
the State, and private greenhouses of exceptional size and com-
pleteness. His reputation among all who know liim person-
ally is that of a good neighbor and a man of high character and
sterling worth in all the relations of life.

WILLIAM McMASTER MILLS

IT is a common circumstance that a business man of greatest
influence is one of the least known to the general public.
There are those whose sensational speculations or other achieve-
ments make them the theme of world-wide gossip and tlieir
names familiar as household words. But, on the other hand,
there are those whose solid achievements form the very basis
and framework of the financial structui*e, who are little in the
public eye, and who ai'e known outside their own circle of friends
and associates merely as names and nothing more.

The subject of this sketch is by no means unknown to the
public of New York, l)ut his repute is of the conservative,
substantial kind ; and at the same time, his part in the complex
financial and commercial world of the metropolis is one of prime
unportance. There are no more important members of the
business community than the bankers, the very name of whom
has long been synonymous with confidence and stability. Among
bankers the president of a large metropolitan bank liolds a place
of unsurpassed importance.

Wilham McMaster Mills, president of the Plaza Bank of New
York city, is a Canadian by birth. He was born in the city of
Toronto, Canada, on November 4, 1860, the son of Montraville
Walsingham Mills and Mary Josephine (Goadby) Mills. His
education was acquired in the excellent schools of his native
city, and he was fitted for a business and financial career.

To such a career his life has been devoted, with marked suc-
cess. He began work as a bank-clerk, and has never departed
even for a day from that ])usiness. He is now jiresident of the
Plaza Bank of New York city, and has held that place for four
years. In that time the deposits in the bank have been increased

239

240 WILLIAM Mc MASTER MILLS

by two million dollars, a fact which in itself is a fine indication
of Mr. Mills's success as the chief officer of the institution. The
Plaza Bank, as its name suggests, is situated on the plaza which
foiTas the Fifth Avenue approach to Central Park. That is one
of the most important spots in New York, in the heart of the
richest residence region and near the chief clubs and some of
the foremost hotels. Naturally the bank does a large business,
and it is accounted one of the important financial institutions of
New York. Associated with Mr. Mills as directors of the bank
are many of the most i^rominent capitalists of the city, including
John Jacob Astor, August Belmont, Stuyvesant Fish, Harry
Payne Whitney, A. Newbold Morris, Hermann Oelrichs, Joseph
Park, John E. Borne, Richard Delafield, George F. Victor,
Charles Scribner, John L. Riker, and H. B. Hollins.

In addition to being president of the Plaza Bank, Mr. Mills is
a tnistee of the Union Dime Savings Bank, at Broadwa}^ and
Sixth Avenue, one of the foremost savings banks of the United
States.

He is a member of the Metropolitan, New York Athletic,
Automobile, Riding, and New York Yacht clubs.

Mr. Mills was married, in 1885, at the Church of the Incarna-
tion, New York, to his cousin Miss M. Augusta Mills,

1

JOSEPH MUm. M.D.

AMONG the most successful of the younger members of the
J\. medical profession in New York is Dr. Joseph Muu-,
who has won an enviable reputation as a general practitioner, as
a specialist and hospital operator, and as a winter on medical
topics. Dr. Muii- is the son of Joseph and Sarah Muir of New
York. He was, however, born in Russia during a sojourn of his
parents in that country, on August 10, 186-1. He was brought
back to America by his parents in his infancy, and spent his
early hfe in New York. His general education was acquired in
the schools of this city, and was made comprehensive and
thorough. His inclinations tending toward a professional career,
he entered the Medical College of New York University, and
was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1884, at the age of
only twenty years.

Immediately upon graduation, Dr. Muir went abroad to con-
tinue his medical studies. For two years he attended lectures
and clinics at St. George's Hospital, Loudon, and made much
progress in the practical knowledge of his profession. Next he
went to Germany, and for several years enjoyed the advantages
of study and practice in the Moabit and Charity hospitals of Ber-
lin. In the latter city he came into contact and learned from
some of the foremost Gennan speciaUsts.

Dr. Muir retm'ned to the United States in 1893, and soon
established himself permanently in New York city, where he
has built up a large and profitable practice. Like many of the
most successful physicians, he early adopted a special line of
practice, to which he chiefly devotes himself. His specialty in-
cludes aU ailments of the respu-atory organs and the heart. His
chief attention is paid to surgery of the nose and throat, and

241

AjwJ^)AAy

F. ADOLFO MlLLEll-UllY

SWITZERLAND is a STnall country, and its people are pro-
verbially home-loving and not given to emigration to other
lands. Nevertheless some of them have their way hither, to
add theii* valuable element to the cosmopolitan mass of the
American nation. Prominent among these is the well-known
artist F. Adolfo MuUer-IIry.
, His ancestry comprises almost an eiiitome of the history of

1 1 the Swiss people. On both sides of the house his forefathers
were soldiers, both warring for the rights and liberties of Swit-
zerland, and at times serving in the annies of other lands,
j Thus both of Mr. MuUer-Ury's grandfathers were officers in the

f I French army, and two more remote ancestors were in the
service of the King of Spain ; all four of them, it may be added,
having been ennobled by the sovereigns whom they served, in
recognition of their merits and achievements. Mr. iMuller-Uiy's
father, Louis Muller-Ury, was the presiding justice of a can-
tonal com't, and ranked among the foremost Swiss jurists of his
time. His mother was a member of the Lombardi family, dis-
tinguished for its public ser^^ces in many directions, especially
in connection with the famoi;s hospice of St. Gothard.

The subject of this sketch was bom at Airolo, Switzerland, in
1863, and at an early age evinced so pronomiced an ai*tistic
taste and ability that he was encouraged by his parents to
adopt the profession of an artist. Accordingly he was sent for
instruction and training to the art centers of Italy, France, anil
G-ermany, where he was an inmate of some of the most famous
studios. Among his instructors were Cabanel, the portrait-
painter ; Yela, the sculptor ; and Von Deschwanden, the Swiss
painter. His artistic culture embraced all branches of art, but

243

244 r. ADOLFO MULLER-UBY

he most inclined toward portrait-painting, and in time came to
devote himself chiefly thereto.

Mr. Muller-Ury has made the United States his home since
1885, and has done most of his later work here. His bachelor
apartments and studio are in the well-known art center at West
Fifty-seventh Street and Sixth Avenne, New York city, where
he has a veritable museum of antique furniture, tapestry, pic-
tures, and bric-a-brac. He is a frequent visitor to Eiu'ope, and
spends a part of each year in Paris. He also maintains a coun-
try home at Hospenthal, in Switzerland. He is a well-known
figure in New York society, and is much given to such out-of-
doors recreation as golf, cycling, and riding.

He has painted portraits of many well-known Americans, as
well as of eminent foreigners, among his subjects being Cardinal
Satolli, Mme. Calve, Mr. and Mrs. Chauncey M. Depew, Cardinal
Gibbons, Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Havemeyer, Archbishop Ire-
land, Mrs. Hobart C. Chatfield-Taylor, Mrs. Charles T. Yerkes,
Mrs. Charles Oelrichs, Mr. and Mrs. James J. Hill, Mr. Con-
stable, Governor and Mrs. Merriam, and Adjutant-General Cor-
bin. The late President McKinley gave the last sitting for his
portrait to Mr. Muller-Ury. This one portrait is not only the
most perfect likeness of the late President, but may be the most
lifelike portrait the artist has ever painted. It represents the
President standing making a public speech. Mr. Muller-Ury is
very fond of etching. He considers this work a great rehef from
the hard work of painting portraits. Among the important etch-
'ings of the artist are portraits of Senator Chauncey M. Depew
and Mr. James J. Hill. His works have frequently been exhib-
ited in pubhc, and have commanded much admu'atiou.

^^

HERBERT FRANCIS MUNN

A GENERATION ago " King Cotton " was a famiUar phrase
to every ear. The gi-eat Sonthern staple product seemed
to outrank all other agi-icultural products of the country m im-
portance. To-day "King Cotton" has lost something of his
supremacy. Other products have gi-own up into equally com-
manding proportions. Still, cotton holds its place as one of the
foremost products of the United States, and is to-day equally
important to the plantation and to the mill, and to the merchant
who stands between them.

A generation ago the foremost firm of cotton merchants in
New York was that now known as S. Munn, Son & Co. It was
established in 18-14, and has thus had a noteworthy career of
more than half a century. For many years, prior to the forma-
tion of the New York Cotton Exchange, that firm was the repre-
sentative one in the business. It was looked to as the accepted
authority on " spot cotton " quotations, and its citations of prices
were regularlj^ reported in the financial and market papers of
the day.

The New York Cotton Exchange was organized on August 15,
1870. It had at the beginning one hundred members, the firm
of Munn & Co. being conspicuous among them. It was incor-
porated on April 8, 1871, and since that time has had a pros-
perous and influential career, uniting within itself the chief
intei'ests of the cotton trade upon the American continent. The
fiiTU of S. Munn, Son & Co. still holds a leading rank among
those engaged in the trade. Indeed, it has enlarged and ex-
panded its scope of operations and influence. It is by no pieans
confined to operations in cotton, but does a general business in
grain, coffee, etc., besides dealing in general stocks and conduct-

245

246 HERBERT FRANCIS MUNN

ing a banking business. Its age and well-established reputation
for trustworthiness make it one of the representative banking
and brokerage establishments of the metropolis.

This firm is now composed of Abram Grodwin Munn, Jr., Her-
bert Francis Munn, Samuel Godwin Munn, and Harry T. Munn.
The Munn family has for some generations been settled in New
Jersey, with its chief home at Hackensack. It was there that
Abram Godwin Munn, Jr., the present head of the fu'm, was
born. It was also there that his son and partner, the subject of
this sketch, was born.

Herbert Francis Munn was born at Hackensack, New Jersey,
on November 16, 1868, the son of Abram Godwin Munn, Jr.
He was educated in the public schools of Hackensack, which,
like those of all that part of New Jersey, are of exceptionally
high rank. There he acquired an education that was at once
liberal in a i^urely academic sense and that was highly practical
in a business sense.

His inclinations were unmistakably toward a commercial and
financial career, such as that of his father and other members of
the family had been before hmi. Accordingly, on leaving school,
he entered the office of S. Munn, Son & Co., in a subordinate posi-
tion, and began the task of learning the business. This he ac-
complished with thoroughness and with a noteworthy degree of
speed, and soon was admitted into partnership, in which capacity
he not only enjoys the profits of the fii"m, but himself materially
contributes to its prosperity. He has as yet sought no public
office or other outside interest, but devotes his attention entirely
to the business of the firm.

Mr. Munn is a member of the Cotton, Coffee, and Produce ex-
changes, and an associate member of the Liverpool Cotton Asso-
ciation. He belongs to the Colonial, New York Athletic, Field
and Marine, and Atlantic Yacht clubs.

-=*^(J.^^«v

>r^^9Wu

tW-

WILLIAM DENKISTOUN MUIirilY

AMONG the men who have attained conspicuous rank in
±\. the social, business, and political worlds before passing the
meridian of life, William Demiistoun Murphj' is to be honorably
mentioned. His patronymic savors of Irish origin, and it was
indeed from the north of the Emerald Isle that his paternal
great-gi-andfather, John Murphy, came to this countiy in 1781.
The latter was an officer in the British anny, and served in the
French and Indian War, after which he settled in New York and
betook himself to the pm'suits of peace. His gi-andson, WiUiam D.
Murphy, father of our subject, was an antislaveiy leader, an
original Republican, and a patriotic speaker dining the Civil
War. The latter nian-ied Ann Letitia Goodlift' of Utica, New
York. It may be added that through his father's mother, Lydia
Cornish, Mr. Murphy is descended from Thomas Cornish, a
founder of NeAvtown, Long Island, in 1650, and one of the
earliest English settlers in New Netherlands.

WiUiam Dennistoiui Murphy was boi"n in this city on January
4, 1859, and was educated here, at the Anthon Grammar School
and Dolbear's Commercial CoUege. After leaving school he
spent several years in foreign travel and literary and artistic
pm'Suits. He tlien entered biisiness as a real-estate dealer and
operator in Wall Street, in both of which lines he has made
himself prominent by his success. He was one of the original
members of the Real Estate Exchange and Auction Rooms,
organized in 1884, and has served on several of its iuiportant
committees.

He took an interest in politics at an early age, and was a leader
in the reform movement in the Twenty-first Assembly District
in the early eighties, and was twice elected first vice-president of

247

248 WILLIAM DENNISTOUN MURPHY

the Republican organization in that district. He helped to
organize the Federal Club, in 1887, and was successively chair-
man of its board of governors, vice-president, and chau-man
of its committee on consolidation in 1891, when it was united
with the Republican Club. Of the latter organization he has been
secretary, treasiu'er, and chairman of the committee of its annual
Lincoln dinners. He has been an officer of the Enrolled Repub-
licans of the Twenty-first Assembly District, a member for three
years of the Republican County Committee, a delegate to many
State and county conventions, and one of the first panel of the
sheriff's jury. He has, however, invariably declined to become
a candidate for any public office.

One of Mr. Murphy's favorite pm-suits is that of photography.
He has carried a camera over more than thirty thousand miles
of travel in America and Europe, and has amassed one of the
most noteworthy collections of pictures in the world. He was
president of the New York Camera Club, and was instrmnental
in consohdating it with the Society of Amateur Photographers
into the Camera Club of New York, of which latter he has three
times been president, to the great advancement of its interests.
He has frequently lectured on photographic and art topics before
clubs and other assemblages.

Mr. Murphy is a member of the St. Nicholas Society, the New
York Historical Society, and the Chamber of Commerce, and
has been president of the Baptist Social Union of New York, in
addition to the organizations above mentioned. He was mar-
ried, on January 17, 1881, to Miss Rosalie Hart, daughter of
James B. Hart of Philadelphia, and they now have one child,
Wilham Deacon Mm-phy.

JAJVIES B. MURRAY

JA^IES B. MURRAY is the eldest son of Bronson Mun-ay of
New York city, and Anne E. Peyton of the old Vu-ginia
family of that name, and a grandson of the late Colonel James
B. Murray, also of New York city. His father was the founder
and chief financial support of the Industrial League, which
started the movement for seeming fi'oni the United States gov-
ernment grants of land to the various States for the establish-
ment of State colleges.

James B. MuiTay spent much of his early life abroad, study-
ing in Paris and Dresden. Then he entered Columbia College,
pursuing parts of both the regular academic course and the
scieutilic course of the School of Mines at the same time.
Under this burden his health failed, and toward the end of his
jvmior year he was compelled to leave college. Going "West, he
took charge of some of his father's property there. When his
health was restored he entered the Law School of Columbia
College, was graduated in 1875, and was thereupon admitted to
the bar. For several years he was associated with the fii'm of
Paddock & Cannon, but in 1877 opened an independent ofi&ce.

Paradoxical though it may seem, litigation has boon but a
small part of Mr. MuiTay's law business. He has devoted his
attention chiefly to the management of estates. In connection
with these, however, he has occasionally had to engage in law-
suits, such as will and equity cases, and in them he has usually
been .successful. In several bankmptcy, will, and other cases
argued in com-t by Mi-. Miu-ray, novel points have been involved
and decided in his favor. Chief among these was a case in the
Court of Appeals, in which Joseph H. Choate was opposing
counsel. A residence had been devised by a maiiied woman.

249

250 JAMES B. MUKKAT

under a power in a deed of trust (whicli gave her a life estate in
the property, with remainder to her heirs if she failed to
appoint), to her three daughters " so long as any two " should
" remain single and unmarried," with directions to her trustee
one year after the mamage of the second daughter to sell the
property and distribute the proceeds among all her heirs " then
living/' After the marriage of one daughter suit was brought to
partition the property among all the heirs, on the ground that
the will was void. The General Term had held in effect that as
the second daughter might never maiTy, the daughters took a
fee in the property hable to be terminated only in the event of
such marriage ; and as the power of sale was not to be exercised
until after that event, it might never become operative, and
being a naked or discretionary power, it did not suspend the
alienation of the property, and the will was consequently vaHd.
Mr. Murray argued that the limitation to the daughters was
equivalent to during the spinsterhood of the two who first mar
ried, which, like an estate during widowhood, was but a hfe
estate, and the daughters therefore did not take a fee, but merely
hfe estates during two successive hves ; that incorporating the
will into the deed of trust (as it was executed xmder a power in
the latter) disclosed a remainder limited upon three successive
life estates, the last of which was consequently void under the
statute ; and that the power of sale was a power in trust, sus-
pending ahenation for more than two hves from the date of the
trust deed, and hence void. The Court of Appeals, sustained this
position, and, directed a partition of the property among all the
children. (122 N. Y., 604.)

Mr. Murray has taken an active interest in politics. In the
last Presidential campaign he contributed to a portion of the
press an article on the consequences of free-silver coinage,
demonstrating from our own history the impossibility under free
coinage of maintaining two standards in use at one time. It was
widely published about two weeks before the election, and was
most effectively used by some as an editorial.

Mr. Murray is a member of the University, City, Reformed,
Down-Town, Seawanhaka Yacht, Larchmont Yacht, and Delta
Phi clubs, the City Bar Association, and various other organ-
izations.

i

y. J</-^^£ci-ArcC '^><<^c

TIIADDEUS IIALSTED MYERS

THADDEUS HALSTED MYERS was born at Yonkers,
New York, on August 31, 1859. His father, John Kirthmd
Myers, was a pai'tner in the dry-goods house of Halsted, Haines &
Co., and retired from that firm to become the president of the
Pacific Mutual Insurance Company, being also a director in the
Manhattan Company, and actively interested in many of the city
chanties. The fii-st of the family in this country came over with
the second palatinate emigration in 1710. Dr, Myers's paternal
great-gi-andf ather was Colonel Joseph Myers of Herkimer County,
New Y'ork, who served in the War of the Revolution, and was
prominent in the early politics of Herkimer County. Dr. Myers's
mother's name was Sarah Louise Halsted, and her ancestor, Tim-
othy Halsted, came from England in 1G57. He was nearly related
to Admiral Sir William Lawi-ence Halsted, K. C. B., of the British
na\y. The family lived at Hempstead, Long Island, for about a
hundred years. Then Dr. Robert Halsted removed to Elizabeth,
New Jersey. He attended the wounded at the battle of Mon-
mouth, and later was arrested as a pronounced patriot, and
confined in the old sugar-house prison in this city. His son,
William M. Halsted, Dr. Myers's grandfather, was well known
ill l)usiness circles, and was a governor of the New Y''ork Hospi-
tal, of Bloomingdale, and of other charitable institutions.

Thaddeus Halsted Myers began his education hi the pubHc
schools of Yonkers. He spent one year in the Williston Semi-
nary, Easthampton, Massachusetts, and entered Yale College in
1H77, where he was gi-aduated in 1881. Wliile in college he was
a member of the Sigma Epsilon, the Alpha Kappa, and the Psi
Upsilon fraternities, and of the Scroll and Key Society. He
entered the College of Physicians and Sm-geons, and was gi-adu-

251

252 THADDEUS HALSTED MYERS

ated in 1885. Successfully passing a competitive examination,
he served on the sui'gical staff of St. Luke's Hospital for eighteen
months. For a year after this he was house physician in the
New York Foundling Hospital. After this he took charge of a
class in that branch in the Roosevelt Hospital Dispensary, which
he resigned, after two years, to take charge for two years of the
surgical class in the Presbyterian Dispensary.

In 1887 he began to be interested in orthopaedic surgery, and
became assistant surgeon to the New York Orthopaedic Dispen-
sary. Later he was made attending surgeon to that dispensary,
and then was made assistant to the surgeon-in-chief of the hos-
pital and dispensary. He is now consulting sm'geon in this
institution. Since 1889 he has been attending orthopgedic sur-
geon to St. Luke's Hospital. He is also consulting orthopaedic
surgeon to the Lying-in Hospital, the Foundlings' Hospital, and
the House of the Annunciation, New York city, the St. John's
Riverside Hospital, Yonkers, and All Souls' Hospital, Morris-
town, New Jersey. His practice is now confined exclusively
to orthopaedic surgery.

Dr. Myers is the author of several papers and monographs
bearing on orthopaedic conditions, among them " Potfs Disease
of the Spine in Pregnancy," " Pressure Paralysis," " Congenital
Dislocation of the Hip," " Non-tubercular Inflammations of the
Spine," papers on club-foot, hii^-joint disease, lateral dislocation
of the knee, and descriptions of a number of new instruments of
use in this department of surgery.

He is a member of the University Club of New York, the Cen-
tury Association, the Yale Club, the Academy of Medicine, the
New York State and the New York County Medical societies,
the Pathological, the Lenox Medical and the New York Medico-
surgical societies, and the American Orthopa^'dic Association.

Dr. Myers was married, on October 6, 1897, to Miss Sarah
Hawley, daughter of Henry E. Hawley of Ridgefield, Connecti-
cut, and has a son, Halsted Hawley Myers, born on May 27,
1899.

ELIOT NORTON

THE name of Eliot Norton, in hoth given name and suniame,
suggests much that is worthy of memory in New England
histoiy. The Noi-ton family traces its descent from the Rev.
John Norton of Stortford, Hertfordshii-e, England, who came to
Massachusetts early in the seventeenth century, and, after a
most distinguished cai-eer in both rehgious and civil life, died in
Boston in 16G3. His nephew John Norton was pastor of the
chiu-ch at Hingham, Massachusetts, and also had a distinguished
career. Some generations later Andrew Norton, a Harvard
graduate, was one of the foremost theologians of New England
in the first half of the nineteenth century. His son Charles
Eliot Norton was horn in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1827,
and was graduated at Harvard in 184G. After a number of years
spent in mercantile life and in foreign travels, he devoted him-
self to literary, artistic, and educational work. During the Civil
War he edited the papers published at Boston by the Loyal
Publication Society, and afterward he was joint editor, with
James Russell Lowell, of the '' North American Review." He
has pubhshed many works of standard value, and has had a dis-
tinguished career as a publicist and as a lecturer on art at Har-
vard University.

The name of Eliot became distinguislied in the first half of the
last centuiy in the person of Samuel Atkins Eliot, a H;irvard
graduate, a prominent merchant of Boston, and in 1837-39
Mayor of that city. He was successor of Robert C. Winthrop
as a Representative in Congi-ess, was treasurer of Harvard Col-
lege, and was the author of several works. His son Charles
William Eliot, who was bom in Boston in 1834 and was gradu-
ated at Hai"vard in 1853, has had one of the most distinguished

253

254 ELIOT NORTON

educational careers of this generation. Beginning as a tutor at
Harvard in 1854, he became president of that institution in 1869,
and in the subsequent third of a century has developed what
was a comparatively small college into the greatest of American
universities, and has done perhaps more than any other man of
his tune for the general progress of higher education in America.

The subject of the present sketch, Eliot Norton, is a cousin of
President EHot and a son of Professor Charles Eliot Norton.
He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on July 1, 1863, at the
time when his father was editing the papers of the Loyal Publi-
cation Society, and after a thorough preparatory education was
sent to Harvard University, from which he was graduated with
the degree of A. B. in the class of 1885. He then entered the
Law School of Harvard, and was graduated fi'om it. Upon leav-
ing the university he began the practice of his profession in New
York city. At first he was a member of the firm of Van Schaick
& Norton, then of Van Schaick, Norton & Quimby, and finally,
as at present, of Van Schaick & Norton, again his partner being
Eugene Van Schaick, a member of an old New York family.
The ofiiees of the fii-m were formerly at No. 100 but are now at
No. 135 Broadway. The practice of the firm is general in char-
acter, though it has gained prominence through some important
suits over brokerage and stock transactions, and has dealt much
with corporation law.

Mr. Norton is president of the Northwestern Steamship Com-
pany, which runs a line from Montreal to Liverpool, and is also
officially connected with the Union Surety & Guaranty Com-
pany, and with the Life Association of America.

He is a member of various leading social organizations, includ-
ing the University, Groher, Lawyers', and New York Athletic
clubs, and the Bar Association. His home is at No. 468 Lex-
ington Avenue, New York.

(o>S3

^//Vt/

EYERMONT HOPE NORTON

AKENTUCKIAN of mingled English, German, and Irish
ancestry, educated in Virginia, settled in New York, and
interested in important business enterprises in various pai-ts of
tliis Union and in South America, may well be reckoned a citizen
of the world.

The father of Evermont Hope Norton was Presley Evermont
Norton of Russellville, Kentucky, a member of the firm of Nor-
ton, Slaughter & Co., cotton brokers and commission merchants
of New York, and president of the Paducah and Memphis Rail-
road Company. Of his fom- brothers, one was president of the
Louis\'ille and Nashville Railroad Company, one was a judge of
the Supreme Com-t of the State of Missom'i, and the other two
were bankers at Louisvdlle, Kentucky. Presley E. Norton mar-
ried Miss Lillie Hope of Mobile, Alabama, a lady of Irish descent,
related to Sir Beresford Hope, the eminent publicist, and to Lord
Hope of Hopetoun.

Of such parentage Evermont Hope Norton was born, at
Louisville, Kentucky, on October 10, 1873. After careful pre-
paratory education, he was sent to the University of Virginia,
and remained there during the years 1891-95, pursuing suc-
cessfully both the regular academic course and the full course
of the law department. He ranked high as a student, and was
one of the leaders of the university in all athletic sports.

On leaving college, Mr. Norton promptly turned his attention
to business. He came to New York in January. 189(5, and
entered a broker's office, where he remained until the iollowing
September, when, having familiarized himself with Wall Street
methods, he formed a copartnership with Hany G. Tuustall,
under the firm-name of Norton & Tunstall, with offices at 34

255

256 EVEKMONT HOPE NORTON

and 36 Wall Street, for the transaction of a general banking and
commission business in stocks, bonds, grain, and cotton, a seat
on tlie New York Stock Exchange ha\dng previously been
purchased. On December 1, 1897, the firm removed to the
Mechanics' National Bank Building, at 33 Wall Street, where
it still remains. In March, 1898, Mr. Norton purchased, in his
own name, a seat on the New York Cotton Exchange, thus more
perfectly qualifying the firm for the prosecution of its business,
whose facihties and stabihty were still fui'ther mcreased by the
purchase, on September 1, 1899, of an additional seat in the New
York Stock Exchange by Mr. Norton, thus giving the firm two
board members. The patronage of the firm has been of the best
character, and its operations have been more than ordinarily
successful. It has thus come to command the confidence of
both speculators and investors, and has made itself a material
force in the affairs of the Street.

This prosperous and profitable business has not, however, by
any means monopolized Mr. Norton's entire attention. His
inclination ran, hke his father's, in the du'ection of railroading.
Accordingly, in September, 1897, he pixrchased a eontroUing in-
terest in the Michigan Traction Company, and became a director
and vice-president thereof.

In October, 1898, the firm financed the building of the Colum-
bus, Lima and Milwaukee Railway, and the work of construc-
tion has since been carried on under their supervision.

For a number of years there has been a marked strengthening
of commercial and industrial relations between the United States
and various South American states. The capital and engineer-
ing skill of this country are needed for the best development of
the resoui"ces of those states, while the almost inestimable oppor-
tunities of profit there are most engaging to the far-seeing busi-
ness man. Mr. Norton was quick to see the opening of a way
to success and fortune in that part of the world. About Feb-
ruary 1, 1899, therefore, he purchased a large interest in the
Ecuador Development Company, a corporation which has in
hand the general development of the material resources of
that rich state, and which has obtained from the government
of Ecuador exclusive concessions in railroad, tramway, electric-
light, mineral, and other valuable rights. He was forthwith

EVERMONT HOPE NORTON 257

made a director of the company, and tlieu its president, estal)-
lisliing its headquarters at 33 Wall JStreet. At the same time
he acquii-ed a large interest in and became a director of the
Guayaquil and Quito Railway Company, which is proceeding to
estabUsh rail communication between Guayaquil, the principal
seaport of Ecuador, and Quito, its cai)ital, a distance of about
three hundred and forty miles.

On September 1, 1899, Mr. Norton purchased a large interest
in aU the leases, plant, and equipment of the American Mining
Company, which controlled the mining nghts in about forty
acres of the finest lead- and zinc-producing land in the famous
Galena-Jopliu zinc district, and organized the American Zinc
Mining Company, of which he is vice-president and director.

On October 31, 1899, Henry G. Tunstall retii-ed from the fii-m,
and Mr. Norton associated with him, in the business to which he
succeeded, his cousin Wilham P. Norton, under the firm-name
of E. H. Norton & Co.

Mr. Norton has not engaged himself with political affairs,
beyond discharging the duties of a citizen. He has partici-
pated to a considerable extent in the best club and social life of
the city, and has retained all his earUer interest in athletic
sports. He is a poptdar member of many organizations, among
them being the Lawyers' Club, the New York Athletic Club,
the Seawanhaka-Corinthian Yacht Club, the Atlantic Yacht
Club, and the Riverside Yacht Club.

He entered the ranks of the army of Benedicks on May 1,
1899, being married on that day, at St. Louis, Mssouii, to Miss
Lily Morrison Carr of that city.

JOSEPH W. OGDEN

THE family of Ogden has been conspicuous in the annals of
New Jersey, and indeed of the colony which preceded that
State, since early times. In the Revolutionary War it occupied
a leading place, and various members of it took an honorable
part in that struggle. In the last generation the Rev. Dr.
Joseph M. Ogden was a widely known and influential clergy-
man, for some time settled at the ancient village of Chatham, in
the Passaic Valley. He married Miss Emeline Atwood, a mem-
ber of another old New Jersey family, and to them the subject
of the present sketch was born.

Joseph W. Ogden was born at Chatham, New Jersey, on
April 28, 1853. His father prescribed for him a liberal educa-
tion, and he accordingly entered Lafayette CoUege, at Easton,
Pennsylvania, and pursued its course. He did not remain until
the end of the course, and therefore was not graduated with
his class. He has, however, received from the college the
degree of A. M.

On leaving college, Mr. Ogden entered business life in New
York city, his first occupation being that of a clerk in a broker-
age office on Wall Street. This was in 1872-73. The panic of
the latter year caused a material change in his affairs, and for
some years he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1881,
however, he retm'ned to finance. He founded at that time the
banking and brokerage house of J. W. Ogden & Co., and con-
ducted it with marked success for a number of years. That
house was engaged in many large financial transactions, and it
acquired a well-merited reputation for trustworthiness and for
safe and conservative methods. In 1890 Mr. Ogden became a
member of the foreign banking house of Kessler & Co., and for

258

JOSEPH W. OGDEN 259

six years was identified with it. He then withdrew from that
liouse and devoted his attention to the interests of financial
enterprises with which he was connected. He hecame much
interested in anthracite-coal miiiinir. and is now president of
the Algonquin Coal Company oi' AN'ilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and
is associated with other concerns in the same business.

Mr. Ogden has not held nor sought political office. He is a
member of the Union, Riding, and Down-Town clubs of New
York, and the Morristown and Morristown Golf clubs of
Mon'istown, New Jersey, where he and Mrs. Ogden — to whom
he was married in 1881 — make their home during a part of the
year. He is also a member of the New York Stock Exchange,
and of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York.

Speaking of Mr. Ogden's career and character, one of his
acquaintances has said : " I have known Mr. Ogden fi-om child-
hood. When he came to New York he realized that he had few
influential friends or acquaintances to push him forward, and
that whatever success he attained must come tlirougli liis own
efforts. To this recognition was added unswerWug adherence
to right principles and high-minded honesty.

" He has naturally had to be bold and courageous to reach the
position he now occupies, but his methods have been at all times
safe and conservative. He is easily in the very front rank
among the younger men in Wall Street, and above all has kept
his reputation clean and without a stain. But a small percent-
age of those who succeed in the whirlpool of the financial center
escape the influence which narrows life to a mere stnigglo for
money. To be one of this small number, to which Mr. Ogden
distinctly belongs, — to keep open sympathies and a broad point
of view, — is a greater triumph even tlian the -finning of wealth.
His career has been a remarkable one, and should afford inspira-
tion and encouragement to eveiy young man dependent on his
own resources."

WILLIAM PECK PARRISH

THE paternal ancestors of William Peek Parrish were for
many generations country gentlemen in the north of Eng-
land. His immediate ancestors established themselves in this
country, first in Maryland, on an estate covering the present
site of the city of Baltimore, and later in King and Queen
County, Virginia. Mr. Parrish's maternal ancestors were also
English, and settled in this coimtry at Danbiuy, Connecticut,
whence his grandfather, in 1818, removed to Alabama.

Mr. Parrish is the fourth son of the late Dr. John Henry
Parrish, a prominent physician and surgeon, and Clarissa Peck
Parrish. He was born at Grreensboro, Alabama, on April
24, 1860. His education was acquired at home, under private
tutors, the latter all being graduates of the University of Vir-
ginia. This was in accordance with a theory and fancy of Dr.
Pari'ish's, who wanted his sons always under home influence.
The tutor was made, for the time being, a member of the
family, sleeping, eating, hunting, and fishing with the boys,
and thus being their friend and comrade as well as their in-
structor. Mr. Parrish's boyhood days were exceptionally free
from care. His father was a prosperous physician, and his
mother had inherited a moderate fortune ; wherefore the family
home was one of luxury and hospitahty. In 1873 Dr. Parrish's
health failed, and he removed to Cumberland County, Tennessee,
in the midst of the blue-grass region. There he bought a fine
stock-farm, and there liis sons divided their time between study-
ing and the out-of-door sports of that country and time. Mr.
Parrish attributes his capacity for hard work and great phys-
ical endurance to the training he there received in breaking
colts, riding after the hounds, and the free, active hfe on the
l^lantation.

260

iAP^^yil ^/n/nvu^

'V_

WILLIAM PECK PARRISH 2G1

At the age of eigliteen years Mr. Panish became exchange
clerk in the City National Bank of Selnia, Alabama. He Avas
thereafter successively general bookkeeper, in(li\idual book-
keeper, receiving teller, paying teller, and, at the age of twenty-
one, assistant cashier. He filled the last-named position from
1881 to 1888, and then, desiring a larger and more independent
field for his activities, he organized, with three friends, a whole-
sale boot and shoe business in Birmingham, Alabama. The aver-
age age of fifteen members of the estabhshment, including the
partners, traveling salesmen, and clerks, was less than twenty-
five years. The concern Avas prosperous. In the first year the
sales amoimted to two humh'ed and thii-ty-i'our thousand
dollars' worth of goods. But Mr. PaiTish's conservative bank
training made his judgment in the matter of credits more strict
than his partners thought necessary, and so, in November, 1889,
he sold out his interest in the firm and came to New York city.

Mr. Parrish was entirely without infiuenee or acquaintance in
New York when, in January, 1890, he openi'd an office in the
Mills Building, on Broad and "Wall streets, as a dealer in bonds
and investment securities. He soon acquired a promising pat-
ronage, however, and has now a well-established and growing
business. He has kept his offices in the same building in which
they were opened. He is now president of the Interstate Type-
writer Company ; du'ector, secretary, and treasm-er of the Colum-
•bia Water and Light Company, and director of the Birmingham,
Selma and New Orleans Railroad Company. He was the organ-
izer and for two years president of the Eatson Hydrocarbon
Heating and Incandescent Lighting Company.

Mr. Parrish has taken no active part in political affairs. He
is a member of the Southern Soeiet.v of New York, of the
National Arts Club, and of the Metropolitan Musemn of Art.
He was manied on October 19, 1887, to Miss Clara Minter
Weaver, second daughter of William M. and Lucia Minter
Weaver of Alabama. Two daughters have been bom to them,
neither of whom is now hving.

THOMAS GEDNEY PATTEN

rilHE old Scotch city of Perth was the former home of the
J- Patten family, whence, two generations ago, an enterprising
member came to the United States. His son, Thomas Patten,
settled in New York city, and for many years was manager of
the gi-eat Rhinelander estate, one of the largest and most valu-
able landed estates on Manhattan Island. He was its manager
until after the death of William Rhinelander, when the estate
was divided. Thomas Patten married Maria Louisa Gedney,
the daughter of a French Huguenot family that had come
from Lille some generations before.

Thomas Gedney Patten, the son of this couple, was born in
New York city on September 12, 1861. At the age of nine
years, in September, 1870, he was sent to school at the famous
Mount Pleasant Academy, which had long been one of the fore-
most schools in New York. He was graduated from it in 1876,*
and then went for a year to Dr. Anthonys Classical Grammar
School. With such preparation he entered Columbia College in
the fall of 1877, and pursued its regular com'se. In his junior
year, however, he left the college for the Columbia Law School.

He did not, however, enter upon the practice of the legal pro-
fession. His legal studies were pursued in preparation for a
mercantile career, for which, indeed, few preparations could be
more practical and valuable. On leaving the Law School, he
went to Chicago, and purchased a seat in the Board of Trade.
There he served for a time with great success as broker for C. T.
Yerkes, Jr. Impaired health, however, compelled him to seek
a more favorable chmate than that of Chicago, and he returned
to New York city.

He purchased a seat in the New York Stock Exchange in

262

a.^

Ot^\

tllZ^

THOMAS GEDNEY PATTEN 26."}

1801, and entered upon a profitable career in Wall Street. He
became, however, interested in some outside enterprises, which
irradually withdrew his attention from the affairs of the Street
and led to his ultimate retirement from the Stock Exchange.
Thus he was appointed superintendent of the New York and
Long Branch Steamboat Company, and in 1894 was elected its
president. Subsequently he obtained control of the New York
and Monmouth Park Steamboat Company, and in 1898 was
elected its president. He then decided to give his attention to
these lines and to other properties Avhich he had acquired, and
accordingly, in 1899, sold his seat, and retired from tlie Stock
Exchange.

Mr. Patten is now president of the New York and Long Branch
and the New York and Monmouth Park steamboat companies,
the vessels of which are known as the Patten Line, and furnish
one of the most popular and delightful means of transit between
New York city and the upper part of the New Jersey coast, with
its multitude of summer homes and pleasure resorts. He is also
interested in much New York city real estate, and in various
properties in New Mexico.
I Among the social organizations of which he is a member are

I the Colonial Club, the Players' Club, the Lambs' Club, the
Democratic Club, the Delta Kappa Epsilon Club, the Deal Beach
Golf Club, and the Suburban Riding and Driving Club.

Mr. Patten was man-ied, on October 30, 1892, to Miss Henri-
etta Floyd, daughter of the late William Floyd, of Wallack's
Theater. They have no children.

WILLIAM JAMES PATTERSON

WILLIAM JAMES PATTERSON was born iu Allegheny
County, Pennsylvania, on December 18, 1850, the son of
Robert and Margaret Patterson. He was the oldest child and
only son in the family. His father, an architect and builder,
was of Iiish ancestry, and was the son of John Patterson, who
had come as a young man from Ireland early in the present cen-
tury, and had settled as a farmer in Columbiana County, Ohio.
Later John Patterson had removed to the neighborhood of Pitts-
burg, Pennsylvania, where he resided for the rest of his life. On
the maternal side Mr. Patterson's ancestors lived for several gen-
erations in and around the city of Pittsburg, his mother being
descended from the Springer family, whose members were large
landowners iu that part of Pennsylvania.

When William J. Patterson was only a year old his parents
removed to Hancock County, Virginia. The boy received his
early education in private schools. At the age of sixteen years
he went to an academy at Hayesville, Ohio, conducted by the
Rev. Dr. Dieffendorf, at which John K. Cowen, now president
of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and other prominent busi-
ness and pulilie men were also students.

In 1870 Mr. Patterson went to Bridgeton, New Jersey, and
for two years thereafter was a teacher in the West Jersey
Academy, of which Dr. Dieffendorf had become principal At
the same time he continued his studies i)repai*atory to entering
college. He entered the University of Wooster, Ohio, in 1872,
in the junior class, and was graduated in 1874.

His next move was to Kansas, where, during the winter of
1874-75, he was principal of the public schools in the town of
Oarnett, Anderson County. At the same time he began the

2(U

Oo/^C-(^/-^

^^'

WILLIAM JAMES PATTEliSUX 265

study of law. The next spring he entered the office of Messi-.s.
Thaeher & Stephens, at La\VTence, Kansas, one of the most
proniinont law firms in the State. In 187G he was admitted to
the l)ar.

He then entered the practice of his profession with Judge 8.
O. Thaeher, Judge Stephens having been elected to the bench.
During 1880-81 he acted as assistant dean to the Law School of
the State University of Kansas. In 1881 his professional rela-
tions ^vith Judge Thaeher terminated, and he became the attor-
ney of a number of corporations engaged in real-estate, banking,
and raih'oad operations in western and southern States. This
connection continued prosperously for fifteen years, and afforded
to Mr. Patterson a widely extended practice in connnercial, real-
estate, and corporation law, in both State and federal courts.
Finally, in 1895, he became attorney for the North American
Trust Company of New York city, and since that date has had
no connection witli any important companies of properties,
except those connected, directly or indirectly, with that tinist
company. He has held no political office, and has sought none.

One of Mr. Patterson's most noteworthy legal contests was
that arising out of Populist legislation in Kansas. By act of
legislature the period of real-estate mortgages after judicial sale
was arbitrarily extended to one and a half years, the appoint-
ment of receivers in foreclosure was prohibited save in special
cases, in which latter cases rents and profits were to go to the
mortgager, leaving the holder of the mortgage to pay the taxes
without the abiUty to collect either principal or interest. This
act was made to apply to existing mortgages as well as to those
thereafter made. Mr. Patterson attacked the constitutionality
of the act as applied to existing mortgages, and though defeated
by the decision of a Populist judge, won his case in the Supreme
Court of the State. A final decision in his favor was given by
the Supreme Court of the United States.

Mr. Patterson is a member of the Bar Association of the City
of New York, and of the Knickerbocker Athletic Club. He is
unmarried.

LOUIS F. PAYN

THE late Roscoe Conkling has been credited with the remark
that the best practical politician in New York State was
Louis F. Payn. Certainly the authority of Mr. Conkling's judg-
ment on such matters is not hghtly to be challenged; and
certainly Mr. Payn's success as a practical politician does no
discredit to such an estimate.

Louis F. Payn was born on January 27, 1835. His native
place was Ghent, Columbia County, New York, and he has made
his lifelong home in that town, most of the time in the village of
Chatham, one half of this village being in the town of Ghent.
His education was acquired at the local schools, and was of a
thorough and practical character. At an early age he became
actively interested in pohtics, and he has never since permitted
that interest to flag. His first vote was cast for Fremont. He
took an active part in the contest for Lincoln in 1860, favoring
his nomination against Seward, and "won his spurs" by his
support of him all through his administration. He always acted
with Horace Greeley in his stmggles against Thurlow Weed.
His first important public ofl&ce was that of Harbor Master of
the Port of New York, to which he was appointed by Governor
Reuben E. Fenton. He had ah'eady been a deputy sheriff and a
Repubhcan leader in Columbia County. He remained harbor
master during Mr. Fentou's administration, but when Mr. Fen-
ton retired from Governorship to the United States Senate, and
was succeeded at Albany by a Democrat, Mr. Payn was also
retired from his place and went home to Chatham. He has, by
iinanimous consent, represented his congressional district as a
delegate in every Republican National Convention since 1868,
and generally in State and other Republican conventions, and

206

'v^A^/y ^v^

LOUIS F. PAYN 267

was one of the famous three hundred and six m the Chicago
Convention of 1880. In 1872 came his pohtical parting from
Mr. Fenton, to whose foi-tunes he had hitherto been attached.
'Mv. Fenton at that time joined the Lil>eral Repnl)Hean move-
ment, while Mr. Pavn remained with the old party organization.
The two always remained, however, close personal friends. In
1876 Mr. Payn supported JMr. Conkling's candidacy for the Pres-
idency as long as there was a prospect of its success. He then
voted for Blaine, though a large majority of the New York dele-
gation voted for Hayes. In February, 1877, Mr. Payn was
appointed by President Grant to be United States Marshal for
the Southern District of New York, and Senator Conkhng
secured the confirmation of the appointment. General Grant
is reported as afterward sayuig that he appointed Mr. Fnyn
because at that particular time he wanted a marshal in New
York who could be relied on in any emergency. Four years
later ilr. Payn piit forward Mr. T. C. Piatt as a candidate for a
seat in the United States Senate, and sectu-ed his election thereto
as Senator Conkling's colleague. A little later came the famous
resignation of the two New York Senators, and in the protracted
struggle for their reelection Mr. Payn was their foremost cham-
]>ion. After Mr. Conkling's retirement from politics, ^Ir. Paj-n
attached himself to the organization led by Mr. Piatt, and has
ever since been one of its most powerful members.

One of the most clever pieces of work in his whole career was
performed in 1896. He then brought forward Mr. Black, a Rep-
resentative in Congress, as a candidate for Governor of New
York, and secured his nomination in the face of other suppos-
edly more powerful candidates. He managed in great measm-e
the campaign which followed, and which resulted in Mr, Black's
election by an overwhelming majority. Goveraor Black after-
ward appointed Mr. Payu to the important office of State Super-
intendent of Insurance.

Mr. Payn is a man of powerful physique and strictly temperate
habits. Despite his more than threescore years, he is as active
and energetic as ever in his youth, and bids f:ur to enjoy a score
or more of years still, as an active and successfid practical poU-
tician.

SERENO ELISHA PAYNE

rilHE family of Payne was one of the earliest settled in North
-L America from England, and in many generations its mem-
bers have been conspicuous for their attainments and achieve-
ments in public and private capacities in this country. Of the
branch of it under present consideration, the head in the last
generation was William W. Payne of Cayuga County, New
York, a prosperous farmer and man of influence in his commu-
nity, who served as a member of the State Legislatui-e in 1859-
60. He mart'ied Betsey Sears, daughter of David Sears, who
was also the descendant of an old colonial family.

Sereno Elisha Payne, son of this couple, was born at Hamil-
ton, New York, on June 26, 184,3. He began his studies at the
local school, continued them at the Auburn Academy, and finally
entered Rochester University. At the last-named institution
he was graduated in the class of 1864. He had already decided
to be a lawyer, and immediately upon leaving college he began
his studies for the profession in the of&ce of Cox & Avery, at
Auburn, New A^ork. He was admitted to the bar of the State
of New York at Rochester in June, 1866, and soon afterward
opened an office at Aubm-n, which he has successfully main-
tained ever since.

Mr. Payne undertook the general practice of his profession,
limiting his attention to no special branch of law. At the same
time he interested Imnself in politics, as a Republican, and soon
attained leadership in that party. He was elected City Clerk of
Auburn in 1867, and served for two years. The next two years
he held the office of Super\asor, and then, for the six years
beginning with 1872, he was District Attorney. From 1879 to
1881 he was president of the Aubm*n Board of Education,

2C)S

/V ^-^^Su^^^c^L/^^y<-^L^^

SEKENO ELISHA PAYNE 269

In the office of District Attorney Mr. PajTie was called Tipon to
conduct a great number and variety of cases, and did so with
exceptional diligence, skill, and success. The late Justice Rum-
sey of the Supreme Court related that Mr. Payne once tried
before him, at an extraordinary term of court, five capital cases
in six weeks, and seciu'ed a conviction in each of them, and in
three of them for murder in the first degree, although he was
opposed by some of the ablest lawyers in that part of the State.
During his six years as District Attorney Mr. Payne conducted
fifteen prosecutions for murder and secured convictions in twelve
of them.

For a time Mr. Payne was associated in legal practice with the
late John T. M. Davie, imtil the latter was elected SmTogate. In
1883 he formed a partnership with the late John W. O'Bi-ien,
which continued until the death of the latter in 1895. He is
now associated with John Van Sickle.

Mr. Payne was first elected a Representative in Congress in
the fall of 1882, and with the exception of a single term he has
served in that capacity continiiously ever since. The Forty-
eighth Congress was luider Democratic control, and he was
assigned to comparatively unimportant committees. Late in the
session, however, he went as a member of a special committee to
investigate some riotings and mm*ders at Hot Springs, Arkansas.
He won much favorable notice on both sides of the House for
his energetic and effective conduct on that committee, and as a
consequence was advanced to better committee places in the
next Congress, the Forty-ninth, though it was also under Demo-
cratic control. He was the leader of the Repiiblicans on the
Elections Committee, and by his arguments turned the scale in
the case of Romeis vs. Hm-d. He was kept out of the Fiftieth
Congress by a gerrymander, but was elected to the Fifty-first,
and became a member of the "Ways and Means Committee, in
which he has ever since been conspicuous and of which he is
now chairman. He took a leading part in the framing of the
I^IcKinley Tariff Bill, and was a leader in debate against the
Wilson Bill. His chief work in tariff matters was, however,
done in connection with the Dingley Bill, in 1897. Upon the
death of Mr. Dingley, Mr. Payne naturally and properly suc-
ceeded to the chairmanship of the committee. In the Fifty-

270 SERENO ELISHA PAYNE

fourth Congress he was also made chairman of the Committee
of Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and under his leadership a
dozen or more bills in the interest of American shipping were
passed by the House.

Mr. Payne has been called upon to act as Speaker of the
House pro tern, perhaps oftener than any of his colleagues, and
he was the choice of a large number of them for the of6.ce of
Speaker in 1899. He has frequently been spoken of as a can-
didate for Governor of New York, and for Vice-President of
the United States. To such suggestions he has given no per-
sonal encouragement, contenting himself with the faithful dis-
charge of the duties of his Congressional place, but then* wide-
spread extent and earnest character are fine tokens of the esteem
in which he is held by his colleagues in public life and by his
general constituents.

N

^

ROYAL CANFIELD PE.VBODY

THE name of Peabody has long been well known in Massa-
chusetts and elsewhere in New England, and, indeed,
members of the famil}^, through their enterprise, wealth, and
philanthropy, have attained a world-wide repute of enviable
character. The family of Canfield has long been settled and
honorably known in Connecticut.

In the last generation Greorge H. Peabody married a daughter
of the Canfield family, and the two lived, before the Civil War,
in Columbus, Georgia, where Mr. Peabody was a general mer-
chant. There, on February 12, 1854, was born to them a son,
whom they named Royal Canfield Peabody. Although born in
the South, the boy was in 1865 transplanted to the North, and
spent the rest of his early hfe chiefly in the city of BrookljTi,
with which he has ever since been identified. He was educated
in the public schools of Brooklyn, principally in the well-known
No. 15, and by virtue partly of his excellent insti-uction, and partly
of his natural aptitude for intellectual improvement, he acquu-ed
a general culture well fitting him for success in business as well
as for a leading place in the social world.

On leaving school Mr. Peabody went to the "West for a year or
two, to acquaint himself with the country and to observe its
opportunities. He soon decided, however, that the East was
more suited to his taste, and consequently returned to New York
and Brookhm. He then entered the dry -goods house of T K.
Horton & Co. of Brooklyn. From it he went to the hardware
finn of Walbridge & Co. of New York. Thence he went into the
di-y -goods commission-house of White, Payson & Co,

Tliese, however, were only tentative employments. He was
to find his true field of activity later, in the vast developments

271

272 ROYAL CANFIELD PEABODY

of the electric industries. In the latter his first engagement was
with the Electric Time Company of Brooklyn. From it he
stepped into the Edison Electric Light Company of Brooklyn,
upon the organization of that corporation, becoming its secretary
and treasurer, and later, as at present, its vice-president.

Mr. Peahody was the chief organizer of the American Stoker
Company, in 1897, and was elected its president. In 1898 he
retired from that place, and took that of vice-president. In 1900
he was elected chau'man of its hoard of du^ectors, which place
he still holds. He organized the Queens Borough Electric Light
Company in 1898, and is at present treasurer of it. In 1899 he
organized the Standard Manganese Company, of which he is
treasurer. He is also a director of the Manufacturers' Insui'ance
Association of Brooklyn, and of the Joumeay and Bui'nham
Company, one of the foremost dry-goods houses of Brooklpi.

Mr. Peahody is a member of numerous clubs and other organ-
izations, and is an active and influential figiu'e in their affah'S.
Among the organizations with which he is connected may be
mentioned the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York,
the National Manufacturers' Association, the National Civics
Club, the Manufacturers' Club, the Reform Club, and the
Lawyers' Club, of New York, and the Hamilton Club, Crescent
Club, Montauk Club, Lincoln Club, Riding and Driving Club,
and Apollo Club, of Brooklyn. He is a member of the Washing-
ton Avenue Baptist Church, and has long been active in its
affairs. In politics he is an independent Democrat, but he has
held no office and taken little part in pohtics beyond exercising
the duties of a private citizen.

Mr. Peahody was married, in 1879, to Miss G-eorgia Sniffen,
daughter of Samuel Sniffen of New York. They have one son,
Charles Sniffen Peahody.

a

./.

^<:^^^^2^^:^:^^^:^v...

VENNETTE F. PELLETREAU

AMONG the younger real-estate dealers in New York there
XJL is none better known or more successful than Vennette F.
Pelletreau. He is, as his name suggests, of French extraction.
He comes of a Huguenot family that was forced by persecution
to flee from France at the end of the seventeenth century. It
found a home and safe refuge in America, and for many years
has been identified with the interests of this country. Some of
the members were conspicuous in the patriotic ranks in the
Revolutionaiy War; wherefore Mr. Pelletreau is a member of
the Society of the Sons of the Revolution.

Mr. Pelletreau is the son of Maltby K. Pelletreau, formerly of
New Yoi'k city. He was born in New York on Januaiy 30,
1873. When he was only five years of age, however, the family
removed to Louisville, Kentucky, and there the rest of his child-
hood was spent. He was educated in the schools of Louisville,
and in Louisville College.

His early inclinations were toward the legal profession, and
by the time he was fom-teen years old it was agi'eed between
him and his parents that he was to study law and fit himself for
the practice thereof. The family moving North again, he entered
as a student the law office of George V. Brower of Brooklyn,
where he remained for a couple of years.

The contact with the legal profession into which lie was
brought, however, produced a change in his mind regarding it.
Mr. Brower was Park Commissioner, and that fact brought into
the office much information concerning the development of
Brookljai and the promise of profit in real-estate deahngs. The
result was that Mr. Pelletreau left Mr. Brower's office and
opened an office of his own as a real-estate broker, when he was

273

274 VENNETTE F. PELLETEEAU

eighteen years of age. His office was at No. 186 Remsen Street,
Brooklyn, where he shared the desk-room with another young
man. His difficulties were many, but the indomitable spiiit of
his ancestors was strong within him, and he made his way
steadily forward and upward. Nine years later his office was at
the same address, but occupying a fine and spacious suite of
rooms, in which is conducted one of the largest real-estate busi-
nesses in the borough of Brooklyn, its specialties being the
development and improvement of real estate and the placing of
mortgage loans.

Mr. Pelletreau's methods of business are unique and decidedly
progressive. He attends to everything connected with the
transferring of a vacant plot of ground into a block of buildings.
He furnishes the surveys, title-searching, and guaranty, prepar-
ing of plans and specifications, and fire insurance, to a contrac-
tor or builder, all of which is done under his supervision in his
own office. Mi". Pelletreau has also contributed largely to the
development of Brooklyn, purchasing farm-lands in the out-
skirts of the city, cutting and paving streets through it, dividing
it into building lots, and selling it for residence purposes.

The Pelletreau family was originally settled, in 1612, at South-
ampton, Long Island, where the old family house is still stand-
ing and is preserved as a historical landmark by the Daughters
of the Revolution. Mr. Pelletreau makes his home, however, in
New York city, at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. He has a fine
country residence, where he spends six months of each year, at
Summit, New Jersey. There he maintains a fine stock-farm,
and indulges his taste for thoroughbred horses.

Mr. Pelletreau is a member of the leading clubs of Brooklyn,
including the Union League, the L-ving, the Brooklyn, the
Aurora Grata, the Brooklyn Chess Club, and the Brooklyn
Yacht Club.

He was man-ied, on October 19, 1899, to Miss Florence E.
Fisher, daughter of George M. Fisher of Brooklyn.

AUGUSTUS W. PETERS

AUGUSTUS W. PETERS was a native of the Canadian prov-
x\_ ince of New Brunswick, and was born in the city of St.
John in 1844. He received an academic education there, and
then studied law. At the age of twenty-three he came to New
York as the representative of the firm of Ralpli, King & Halleck
in the Gold Exchange. There he soon became more interested
in finance than he had been in law, and his attention was there-
after turned to operation in Wall Street. He was elected a mem-
ber of the Gold Exchange in 1875, and the next year became its
secretary. In 1878 he was chosen to be chairman of the Con-
solidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange, and he continued to
hold that place until the last year of his life.

Soon after his settlement in this city Mr. Peters applied for
naturalization papers in order to become a citizen. He was a
Democrat in politics, and became affiliated with Tammany Hall.
Under the leadership of John Kelly he rose to conspicuous rank
in that organization. For several years he was chairman of the
Tammany General Committee, and held that office down to the
time of his death.

Naturally Mr. Peters was in time put forward for pubhc office,
though for a long time he declined to let his name be used in
connection with any nomination. In 1894 he accepted the
Tammany nomination for president of the Board of Aldermen.
But that was the year of the great anti-Tammany revolution in
local politics, and he was defeated with the rest of the Tammany
ticket. Three years later he was again put forward as the
Tammany candidate for president of the Borough of Manhattan
in the consolidated metropohs, and this time he was successful.
He entered upon the duties of his office on January 1, 1898, the

275

276 AUGUSTUS W. PETEKS

date on which the consohdation of the cities took effect, and
served until the end of his hfe.

In his early years Mr. Peters was much devoted to athletic
sports. After he came to New York he was for some years a
leading amateur athlete, taking part in many contests of strength
and skill. He was one of the organizers of the now well-known
Staten Island Cricket Club, and took an active interest in various
other high-class athletic organizations. In person he was notably
powerful and roliust. He was more than six feet tall and finely
proportioned, and was possessed of a stentorian voice, which
made his reading of stock quotations a notable feature of Wall
Street life.

Mr. Peters was a member of the Manhattan and various other
clubs, and was a sergeant-major of the Old Guard, which latter
organization he joined in 1874. He was deeply interested in
freemasonrj^, and had attained the highest degree therein, and
was Imperial Potentate of the Mecca Temple of the Mystic
Shrine. He was never married, but lived for many years in
bachelor apartments on East Eighty-sixth Street.

His death occurred suddenly in the early morning of Decem-
ber 29, 1898. He had gone to bed apparently as well as usual,
and was found dead in his bed from unsuspected heart-disease.
His death put the city into mourning, and his obsequies were
imposingly celebrated by the masonic fraternity.

EDWIN FITCH RAYNOR

AMID the business occupations of which New York is the
-LJL seat, there is none more important than that which wc may
call practical finance — the business of the banker and bi-oker.
Just as priuting has he(n\ called the art preservative of arts, so
this may properly be called the business promotive of business.
For the circulating medium, whether money or scrip or securi-
ties representing it and convertible into it, is the very life-blood
of industry and commerce. Upon its integrity and abundance
depend the prosperity and the very conduct of all business. The
men who have to do with banking and financial brokerage play,
therefore, a supremely important part in the progress and pros-
pei'ity of the whole business community.

Such a part is that which has been played by the subject of
the present biography, at fii'st as a banker pure and simple, and
later and at present as a banker and broker in one. In both
capacities his success has been distinctive and gi'atifjing in both
reputation and material profits.

Edwin Fitch Raynor, founder and head of the Wall Street fii"m
of E. F. Raynor & Co., is a native of the city in which he has
spent all of his life. He was born in New York on July 1, 1855,
and received an excellent academic education in the piiblic
schools of the city and in the College of the City of New York,
which is a part of and the crowning feature of the pul)lic-sch()ol
system. His inclinations led liiin from the college straight into
the calling to which his bu.siness energies have ever since been
constantly devoted.

His first engagement was in the capacity of a clerk in the
Harlem Bank of New York city, where he acquired a thorough
practical knowledge of finance and also much of the intellectual

278 EDWIN FITCH EAYNOE

discipline and well-balanced judgment which have essentially
contril)uted to his success in later years. After four years' satis-
factory service in various capacities, he severed his connection
with the Harlem Bank and entered the employ of the Farmers'
Loan & Trust Company. There, in various important capaci-
ties, he spent the next eighteen years, thus gaining an excep-
tionally wide and valuable experience in sound and successful
finance.

Meantime he was strongly moved by the ambition to be at
the head of a financial institution of his own, and to engage in
the more varied business of a broker. With such end in view,
Mr. Raynor, in April, 1896, purchased a seat in the New York
Stock Exchange, one of the prime requisites, or at least desir-
abilities, for success in the busy operations of Wall Street. It
was not, however, for more than two years thereafter that he
■estabhshed his present business. This was effected in Septem-
ber, 1898. On the first day of that month he entered into
partnership with Robert A. Tairbairn, under the firm-name of
E. F. Raynor & Co., and opened offices at No. 20 Broad Street,
in the very heart of the financial district and close by the Stock
Exchange. There the firm has since that date been doing a
general banking and brokerage business, with increasing pros-
perity and prestige.

Mr. Raynor has differed from many, perhaps most, Wall
Street men in declining to connect himself with corporations
and business enterprises. Many opportunities to do so have
come to him, and have at times been urged strongly upon him,
with tempting promises of profit. He has, however, invariably
declined them all, considering it to his best advantage, in the
long run, to devote his attention exclusively to the business of
his own office and to the furthering of the interests of his numer-
ous clients.

The same is to be said of participation in political affairs. Mr.
Haynor is deeply interested in the welfare of the city. State, and
nation, and aims to fulfil scrupulously the duties of a loyal and
enlightened citizen. But with such private duties he contents
himself, neither aspiring to nor accepting public preferment.

Mr. Raynor is not a club-man in the extended meaning of the
word, though he is a member of a few select organizations.

EDWIN FITCH RAYNOR 279

Chief among these are the New York Athletic Club, the Colonial
Clul>, and the New York Chih.

It may be added that Mr. Rayuor has long interested himself,
in a practical but unobtrusive way, in various charitable and
benevolent enterprises for the welfare of his less-favored fellow-
citizens.

He was married, years ago, to Miss Sarah J. Stewart, who has
borne him two sons, Edwin Fitch Rayuor, Jr., and Stewart
Raynor. The family home is at No. 93 Riverside Drive, New
York.

WILLIAM mCHTER

DURING the centuiy now drawing to a close no European
nation has contributed a more useful or desirable element
to the population of the United States than the German Empire.
Representatives of many of the best famihes of the various Ger-
man states have adopted this country as their home, and they,
with their descendants, have estabhshed an honorable record
for thrift, energy, and intelhgence. This fact is evinced by the
great number of German names that may be found on the rolls
of all departments of business and of the various learned pro-
fessions, often representing men who have attained in then-
respective calhngs far more than an average measure of success.
This is especially true in those calhngs in which accuracy, appli-
cation, and untu-ing perseverance and scientific skill are the
elements of success, such, for example, as the medical profession, of
which the subject of the present sketch is a conspicuous member.
The parents of William Richter were among those who, in the
last generation, came from Germany to the United States and
here founded worthy families. Julius Richter and his wife,
Matilda Weber, were both born and educated in Leipzig, Saxony.
Mrs. Richter belonged to one of the most estimable families in
that kingdom. Her father, John Weber, was a surgeon m the
army, and as such accompanied the Grand Army of Bonaparte
in the ill-starred invasion of Russia in 1812. He witnessed the
burning of Moscow, and shared the terrible sufi'erings of the
imperial army in its retreat. In consideration of his services in
this campaign, his son Louis was ai>pointed by royal decree to a
sheriffship of Leipzig, a life position, and one which carries con-
siderable dignity, there being only three offices of the kind in
the entire kingdom of Saxony.

280

£Z-f<^

i

WILLIAM RICHTER 281

Julius Richter and his wife came to America in the summer
of 1862, and settled in New York city, where Mr. Richter
engaged in his occupation, which was that of a tailor. They
had two sons, William, born on February 25, 18G4, and Oscar,
boni on December 30, 18G5. The latter is now iu the practice
of law in this city.

WilUam Richter was educated at Grammar School No. 40 and
the College of the City of New York. After completing the
course of study in the latter institution, he entered the Medical
College of New York University, from which he was gi-aduated
with honors in March, 1886. Thence he went to the University of
Leipzig, where he supplemented his education in this country by
a postgraduate course, covering a year and a half, in obstetrics,
gynecology, and stu'gery. Returning to his native city in Octo-
ber, 1887, Dr. Richter immediately commenced the practice of
medicine, for which he was so well fitted by both heredity and
training.

He chose the upper East Side for his field of labor, his first
location being in East Nineteenth Street, and he has never desired
nor made a change. He has a large and substantial practice, has
many friends both professional and social, and is now one of the
recognized physicians of eminent skill on the East Side.

Dr. Richter is too devoted to his profession to take an active
part in public affair's, or to belong to clubs or social organiza-
tions. He is a member of the Medical Society of New York
County, and of the New York City Physicians' Mutual Aid
Association.

He was married, on February 22, 1898, at Calvary Protestant
Episcopal Church, at Twenty-first Street and Fourth Avenue, to
Miss Marie Burgmeier. Mrs. Richter was boni iu Bordeaux,
France, was educated in Paris and in Bern, Switzerland, where
her parents now live. Dr. and Mrs. Richter have a charming
home at No. 320 Second Avenue.

SAMUEL RIKER

SAMUEL RIKER, one of the best known of the retired law-
yers of New York, is of Dutch, and Enghsh ancestry. His
father, John L. Riker, who in his day was a leading lawyer of
New York, was lineally descended in the foui'th generation from
Abraham Rycken, who came from Holland to New York, then
New Amsterdam, in 1638. His mother, whose maiden name
was Lavinia Smith, was of Enghsh descent. He was born on
April 10, 1832, at Newtown, Queens County, New York, which
place is now a part of the Borough of Queens, city of New York.
His education was acquu'ed in the local pubhc school and at
home, where he pursued an extended course of reading, especially
of historical works and poetry. Thus a high degree of literary
culture and general information was acquired.

When the tune came for choosing his life-work, he unhesi-
tatingly tui-ned to the legal profession. To it, indeed, he be-
longed by heredity and envii'onment : for not only, as already
stated, was his father a lawyer, but .his uncle, Richard Riker,
was a prominent member of the bar and was for ten years District
Attorney and for twenty years Recorder of the city of New York; ■
and his brother, Henry L. Riker, and his cousins, John H. Riker
and D. Phoenix Riker, occupied prominent and honorable places
in the profession. He pursued his legal studies in the office of
his cousin and brother, J. H. & H. L. Riker of New York, and
shortly after attaining his majority, in May, 1853, was admitted
to practice at the bar of New York.

Mr. Riker devoted his professional attention chiefly to matters
connected with real estate. His practice included the searching
of titles, the di-awing of wiUs, of marriage settlements, and of
trust deeds, and similar work. He was often engaged as the

282

<^^^i:<y.

SAMUEL EIKER 283

adviser and couuselor of executors and tinistees, and had to do
■with the settlement of many estates in the surrogate's court.
Many questional)lo titles to real estate were cleared and perfected
by him, either through judicial proceedings or thi-ough special
legislative action procured by him.

In this branch of legal practice Mr. Eiker came to be esteemed
as one of the foremost authorities, and his opinions were fre-
quently sought in the intei-prctation of wills, deeds, and other
docmnonts dcahng -^nth real propei-ty. He seldom appeared in
court, excepting in cases involving titles to real estate, wills, etc.,
and even in such matters the bulk of his work was done in his
own office. He numbered among his clients many prominent
persons and corporations, and participated in some of the most
noteworthy cases of the times. For more than thirty years he
was attorney and counsel for the Sailors' Snug Harbor corpora-
tion, during which time he prepared all the leases and other
instruments relating to its great landed estates in New York
city and on Staten Island. He was the executor of the wills of
Sarah Burr and her sisters, and in that capacity distributed be-
quests amounting to some millions of dollars among various
charitable institutions in New York. The histories of the legal
profession, and reports of noteworthy cases, contain numerous
references to his long and important practice.

Mr. Riker continued in the active and most successful pursuit
of his profession for a fraction less than forty years. Then, on
January 1, 1893, he retired to enjoy a well-earned rest. He has
held and has sought no poUtical office, and has been identified
with no business enteiprises outside of his own legal work. He
has inclined to domestic life rather than to clubs, but has spent
much time in foreign travel. He has amassed a fine library,
among whose volumes his leisure hours have been largely spent.

He was married at Newtown on October 11, 1865, to Miss Mary
Anna Stryker, who has borne him two children : Julia Lawrence
Riker and John Lawrence Riker.

STEPHEN WOOD EOACH

THE name of Roacli is inseparably and honorably associated
with the industry of shipbuilding in the United States, and
with the development of American shipping, both naval and
mercantile. It was brought to this country by a lad of fifteen
years, by name John Roach. He was born at Mitchelstown,
Ireland, on Christmas day, 1813, coming of a family of gentle
blood and once of wealth, which had become impoverished by
the generosity of his father in indorsing notes for friends. John
Roach, therefore, was denied even the privilege of a good educa-
tion, and at an age when he should have been preparing for col-
lege he came to America in the steerage of a sailing-ship, and
landed in New York without money and without friends.

His first regular employment was in the old Howell Iron Works
in the pine woods of Monmouth County, New Jersey, where now
stands the " deserted village " of Allaire. He then went to New
York and learned his trade in the Allaire Iron Works, where he
acquired, by frugal saving, some capital. Soon after learning
his trade he became one of the members of a cooperative iron
foundry, which grew into the ^tna Iron Works, and in time Mr.
Roach became its sole proprietor. At the end of the Civil War
Mr. Roach was at the head of a splendid business, and then he
began to turn his attention to shipbuilding. In 1868 he pur-
chased four important iron works, all in New York, and consoli-
dated them under the name of the Morgan Iron Works. Three
years later he purchased a large shipyard at Chester, Pennsylva-
nia, and gave it the name of the Delaware River Iron Ship-
building & Engine Works. In a dozen years thereafter he
launched one hundred and twenty-six steamships for commerce
and for the United States na\'y, employing in the works moi'e

284

felEi HEN WOOD ROACH

THE name of Roach is inseparably and honorably associat.
with the industry of shipbuilding in the United States, a-
with tlie development of American shipping, both naval ai
inerca' ' Tt was brought to this country by a lad of fifte-
years, I • -T-'lm Roach. He was bom at Mitchelstow

Ireland. • s? day, 1813, coming of a family of gen'

blood : *^h, which had become impoverished i

i!\ indorsing notes for friends. Jol
'> privilege of a good edu(
-■'■ hpi^n preparing frir- ,-•,
^ sailing-:
it friends.
>ia iiowell Iron Worl-.
■•'ew Jersey, where no'
He then went to Nc
y > >rk an(i Iron Works, where 1=

acquired, by rrugai some capital. Soon after learnii

his trade ■ " ouo ul' the members of a cooperative iroj

foundry, v,,:,. ^. ^,> v, into the^tna Iron Works, and in time Mi.
Roach became its sole proprietor. At the end of the Civil Wa*
Mr. Roach was at the head of a splendid business, and then l-.
began to turn his attention to shipbuilding. In 1868 he pu
chased four important iron works, all in New York, and ci^nsol
dated them under the name of the Morgan Iron Works. Thn
years later he pm-chased a large shipyard at Chester, Penusylv
nia, and gave it the name of the Delaware River Ii'on Shi.
building & Engine Works. In a dozen years thereafter 1
launched one hundred and twenty-six steamships foi' fonimer
;!Tiii for the United States navy, employing in the t ■trks mc

284

STEPHEN WOOD ROACH 285

than two thousand men. Wlien, under the administration of
President Ai'thiu', the work of building a new navy for this coun-
try was begun, the first contracts were given to Mr. Roach, and
fulfilled by him in the most admirable manner. But his stanch
Republicanism and advocacy of the ^^jnerican .system of ijrotec-
tion had made him the especial object of partizan hatred, and in
the next administration, which was Democratic, he was bitterly
persecuted.

The government refused to accept the ships built by him, and
thus drove him into the hands of a receiver. The shock of this
hastened his death; but the ships were finally accepted, and
proved to be the best and most efficient in the navy, and John
Roach's name has gone into history as the father of the new
navy. He died in 1887, mourned by the nation, at a time when
ninety per cent, of the American mercantile maiine (steam) in
the coastwise and foreign trade had been built by him.

John Roach was manied, in 1836, to Miss Emeline Jolmson,
:ind the union residted in nine children, the eighth of whom is
the subject of this sketch. Stephen Wood Roach was born in
New York city on January 11, 1858, and was educated in the
public schools and at the Columbia Grrammar School. At the
latter place he was prepared for Columbia College, but instead
of entering college he entered the Morgan Iron Works and
learned his father's business. There he served as a clerk for
some years, and afterward became treasm-er. He became asso-
ciated with his two sm'viving brothers in conducting the business
founded by his father. He is now manager of the Morgan Iron
Works, and \ace-presideut of the Delaware River Ii-on Shipbuild-
ing & Engine Works, at Chester, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Roach makes his home in New York city, and is a mem-
ber of the Repubhcan, Lotus, Lambs', New York Athletic, Amer-
ican Yacht, Larchmont Yacht, and the Manhasset Bay Yacht
clubs, the Board of Trade and Transportation, and the Chamber
of Commerce of the State of New York. He is also a member
of the Union League Club, and in December last was elected
commodore of the Manhasset Bay Yacht Club.

MATHEW ROCK

SINCE first man learned to clothe himseK in garments, whether
in fig-leaves or in the skins of beasts, the philosophy of clothes
has been an important part of the philosophy of human life.
Clothing has been for ages a mark of distinction between the
civihzed man and the savage, and also between different classes
in the same state. The wearers of "purple and fine linen" on
the one hand, and the " sansculottes " on the other, typify the
extremes of society.

It has naturally fallen to the lot of New York, the chief city
of the Western world, to take the lead in the practice of the
trade, or art, or profession of tailoring — for each of these it has
been called. In New York may be found a multitude of tailor-
ing establishments, ranging from the bottom to the top of the
scale in fashion and in price. Nowhere are the needs of the very
poorest more abundantly catered to with the cheapest of ready-
made goods, and nowhere are finer goods produced and the work
of the tailor raised so nearly to the rank of a fine art than in
such establishments as are to be found in New York, of which
that conducted by the subject of this present sketch may be
taken as an example.

Prominent among the enterprising and successful men who
have made at once the tailoring trade one of the foremost in
New York itself, the foremost city in the United States in that
trade, is the subject of this sketch — Mathew Rock. He is, like
a large proportion of the other successful merchants and manu-
facturers of the New World, of German origin.

His parents, Mathew and Ehzabeth Rock, were Prussians, and
in that kingdom he was born, on May 6, 1832. His education
was somewhat more limited than is customary in that country

280

MATHEW ROCK 287

SO far as actual school studying was concerned, for he was com-
pelled at the early age of thirteen yeai-s to lay aside his books
and to begin to make his own way in that industrial world in
which he has for years now been a commanding figm-e.

The business of his choice was that of a tailor, one of the
most ancient and not least honorable in human industry. As
early as his thirteenth year he was apprenticed to it, and he
devoted himself to it with characteristic German thoroughness
and energy.

When he was only fifteen years old he was so far a master of
the trade that he was emboldened to leave home and set himself
up as a journeyman tailor. He thereupon went to Metz, in
Lorraine, which was then still a French city, though containing
a considerable element of Gei-man origin. There he worked for
four years with success, and then went to Paris, long the chief
center of the world's fashions. In that citj' he spent four years
in successful prosecution of his calling, meantime perfecting
himself in its various details.

His next move was to London, where he remained for six
years. His European experience in the sartorial trade thus
covered the foremost three countries of western Em-ope.

From the British capital Mr. Eock came to the United States,
and settled in New York city. For three years he fomid pi-ofit-
able employment as a cutter in the tailoring estabhshment of
James R. Cullin. At the end of that time he opened a shop of
his own.

This was at No. 793 Broadway, then the heart of the fashion-
able shopping district of the city. In that place he remained
for eight years, winning a prominent rank in the trade as one of
the leading tailors of New York.

With the general movement of such classes of trade up-town,
he then removed to a new building at No. 224 Fifth Avenue.
There he remained for ten years, and then again joined the up-
town movement, and removed to his present place of business at
No. 315 Fifth Avenue.

It was on [March 19, 1866, in the " flush time" following the Civil
War, that Mr. Rock began business in tlie city of New York on
his own accoimt. He has remained active in it ever since, with
a noteworthy measm*e of steady and substantial success. He

288 MATHEW ROCK

has sought no other occupation, and has not taken a pubhc part
in pohtics, but has devoted his time, abihties, and attention
• entirely to his chosen trade. To such apphcation his enviable
success is justly to 1)0 attributed.

Mr. Rock is a member of the New York Athletic Club, and of
the Republican Club of the City of New York.

He was first married, in 1866, to Miss Virginia L. Croney,
who died childless in 1873. He was married again, in 1876, to
Miss Eliza L. Schneider, who died in 1896, leaving him two
children : Mathew Rock, Jr., and EHzabeth, now Mrs. Daniell.

-lglillljl_

CHARLES BROADWAY ROUSS

rpHE ancestiy of Charles Broadway Roiiss is traced back to
-L George Rouss, who, in 1500, was a member of the City-
Council of Ki-onstadt, Austria, and whose descendants held hon-
orable rank in that countiy. On his mother's side he came from
the Baltzell family, which was conspicuous in this country in
colonial and Revolutionary days. His parents were Peter Hoke
Rouss and Belinda Baltzell Rouss, who lived at Woodsboro,
Maryland, and then removed to Runnymead, near Winchester,
in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, where the elder Rouss was
a prosperous farmer.

Charles was born at Woodsboro on Febiaiary 11, 1836, and
received a good education at the academy in Winchester, whither
the family removed when he was five }-ears old. At the age of
fifteen he became a clerk in a Winchester store, despite the wish
of his father that he should become a farmer. He showed
unusual aptitude for business, and at the end of three years
began operations on his own account on the strength of five
hundred dollars capital which he had saved. In six years more
he was the proprietor of the largest mercantile establishment in
Winchester. Then the Civil War came on, and he took up arms
on the Southern side. He followed the standard of Lee, and was
among those who surrendered at Appomattox.

Done vsdth war, he quickly resumed the occupations of peace.
He helped to secure what harvest could be got from the old fann
in the fall of 1865, and then came North to New York to engage
in business. He made a promising start, but came to grief
through an unfortunate partnership and too great indulgence in
the credit system. He next started alone, with " Cash before
Delivery" as his motto. His place was on Church Street,

289

290 CHARLES BROADWAY ROUSS

whence he removed to Broadway. He founded and published
as an advertising medium for his own business the "Auction
Trade Journal," which soon gained a wide circulation. In a few
years he was rated as a millionau^e. Then he put up a new
building at 549-553 Broadway, with two basements and ten
stories, costing one million dollars. In it he has an army of
clerks, an enormous stock of everything in the dry-goods line,
and conducts dealings with more than thirty thousand retail
stores in all parts of America.

Mr. Rouss is a man of wide beneficence. To his loved home
city of Winchester, which he visits yearly, he gave large sums of
money for its water-supply, its fire department, its pubUc ceme-
tery, and to maintain its annual fan-. He gave five thousand
dollars for the Confederates' monument in Mount Hope Ceme-
tery, near New York, and thirty-five thousand dollars for a phys-
ical laboratory at the University of Virginia. He was the
founder and the chief patron and promoter of the scheme for a
great Confederate Memorial Hall, to contain all Southern relics
of the Civil War, to which he contributed one hundred thousand
dollars.

Mr. Rouss was married, in 1859, to Miss Maggie Keenan of
Winchester. She bore him two sons and a daughter. The
elder son, Charles H. B. Rouss, died at the age of thirty-one.
The second, Peter Winchester Rouss, is now his father's asso-
ciate in business.

Although his sympathies with the South are keen and imper-
ishable, Mr. Rouss is not immindful of the city which has long
been his home and in which his fortune has been made. It was
he who gave to New York the fine replica of Bartholdi's statue
of Washington and Lafayette, the original of which is in one of
the parks of Paris. He has in many other ways endeared him-
self to the metropoUs, and he has made of his business house
here one of the most notable of its commercial landmarks.

SCHUYLER SCHIEFl ELIN

rpHE Schieffeliii family, which has for more than a IniiKli'Ofl
A years been conspicuous in the business and social liic in
New York, was founded here by Jacob Schieffelin, who came from
Weilheim, Germany, early in the eighteenth centurj^ His son
and grandson, both named Jacob, lived in Philadelphia. The
latter, as lieutenant in the British army, entered upon an adven -
tm-ous life in the far West and Canada, was taken prisoner
near Detroit, escaping from a prison in Virginia, and at the
close of the Revolution came to New York, and with his brother-
in-law, John Burling Lawi'ence, engaged in the wholesale drug
business.

Jacob Schieffehn, the third of the name, had four sons, of
whom the eldest, Heniy Hamilton Schieffelin, became his
partner and finally his successor in the diiig business. The
latter married Miss Maria Theresa Bradhm'st, and had seven
sons. Three of these entered the drug business, and upon theii*
father's retu-ement reorganized the firm mider the name of
Schieffelin Brothers & Co. One of these was Sidney Augustus
Schieffelin, the fifth of the family, who was bom in 1818 and
died in 1894. He married Miss Harriet A. Schuyler, daughter
of Arent Henry and Mary C. (Kingsland) Schuyler, who was
bom in 1836 and died in 1882. To this couple were bom two
sons, Henry Hamilton Schieffelin and Schuyler Schieffelin, with
the latter of whom we are now concerned.

Schuyler Schieffelin was born in New York city in 18G7, and,
after passing through various preparatoiy schools abroad and in
this country, entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology^
Boston, in 1886. It was his intention to pursue the entii-e
course, but he left the institute in liis junior year to enter the

291

292 SCHUYLER SCHIEFFELIN

firm with which his family had so long been identified and
which is now known as Schieffelin & Co.

Mr. Schieffehn has had a conspicuous career in the military-
service. He enhsted in the Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y.,
on June 10, 1889 ; became commissary of subsistence of the
Twelfth Regiment in April, 1893 ; inspector of rifie practice,
with rank of captain, in March, 1895 ; and brigade inspector of
rifie practice, with rank of major, in 1896. He showed himself
to be a good rifle shot, and his teams made some phenomenal
records at the butts.

He was commissioned a lieutenant in the United States volun-
teer service on June 4, 1898, and served as aide-de-camp to General
F. V. Greene, at Camp Merritt, San Francisco, at Camp Dewey,
Manila, at Camp Cuba Libre, Jacksonville, Florida, at Camp
Onward, Savannah, and in Havana, Cuba. He took part in the
battle of Malate and in the capture of Manila. After the latter
engagement he was specially mentioned by General Greene in
orders for faithful and intelligent service. He was honorably
mustered out "s\ath his regiment on March 31, 1899.

Mr. Schieffehn lives at No. 173 Fifth Avenue, New York, and
is a well-known flguxe in the business and in the social circles of
the city. He is a member of the Union, Fencers', Badminton,
Army and Navy, and Ardsley Country clubs, the St. Nicholas
Society, the Colonial Order, the Society of Colonial Wars, the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the New York Historical
Society.

F

FRANCIS JOSEPH SCHNUGG

^ .R ANCIS JOSEPH SCHNUGG, for many years one of the
most prominent builders and real-estate oyjerators of New
York, was born in the city of New York on June -i, 1859. His
father, the late John Schnugg, who died in 1901, was a builder
and real-estate operator, and for nearly twenty years was a
director of the German Exchange Bank of New York. His
mother, Maria Ann Schnugg, born Stenger, was, like her hus-
band, of Geiinan origin. The elder Mr. and 'Mrs. Schnugg
came to this country from Bavaria, in 1851, as people of de-
cidedly modest means. They settled in New York, and through
theu' industry and frugality slowly but surely acquired a com-
fortable fortune.

The subject of this sketch was thoroughly educated at several
of the best local institutions. He fii"st attended the St. Nicholas
Parish School, and then went to the De La Salle Academy.
After his course at the latter, he entered practical business life
as an employee of the German Exchange Bank, of which his
father was a director. There he served for five years, gaining a
knowledge of the banking business and a first-rate general busi-
ness education. Then ho returned to his text-books, as a stu-
dent at the College of St. Francis Xavier, where he was gradu-
ated with honors as a member of the class of 1882. Finally he
went to the Law School of Columbia CoUego, and was there
graduated a Bachelor of Laws in 1884.

With such preparation, Mr. Schnugg applied himself to Inisi-
ness. He had, indeed, already engaged in real-estate operations
while a student. During his two years in the Cohunbia Col-
lege Law School he speculated in real estate, l)oth improved and
unimproved, especially in the northern part of ^^lanhattan Island.

•-'93

294 FRANCIS JOSEPH SCHNUGG

He foresaw that the then lately constructed elevated railroads
would gi-eatly increase the value of property in that part of the
city, and that thus large profits would be realized from judicious
investments.

In addition to dealing in land, Mr. Schnugg soon began build-
ing operations, both on his own account and under contract for
others. He was the builder of Proctor's Pleasure Palace, one of
the first and largest fire-proof theaters in New York. He was
also one of the first and chief builders of large apartment-houses
in the region just north of Central Park. It was his theory that
such buildings could be constructed in first-class style, and
equipped with passenger-elevators, electric lighting, refrigeration,
etc., and yet, because of their size and the number of apartments
served by the same force of employees, be rented at moderate
figm'es and yield a good profit.

After a husj career of fifteen years in building, Mr. Schnugg
has gradually withdrawn from that department of business, at
least for a time. He believes that the business has been some-
what overdone, especially by the mad rush of in-esponsible and
unscrupulous speculators who have put up unworthy and un-
suitable buildings, and that the market will be benefited by a
rest of a few years.

In addition to his real-estate and building interests, Mr.
Schnugg is the piincipal owner of the American Brewing Com-
pany of New York. In pohtics he has always been a strong
Republican, and an upholder of protection and the gold stan-
dard. In the Presidential campaign of 1888 he organized the
Francis J. Schnugg Battery in support of General Hamson.

Mr. Schnugg is a member of the Catholic Club, the Arion
Society, and various taxpayers' and kincbed organizations. He
was married, some years ago, to Miss Caroline Hillenbrand,
daughter of the late Colonel Hillenbrand, and has three children :
Joseph Francis, Elizabeth, and Marion.

DELEVAN SCOVILLE

DELEVAN SCOVILLE, a splendid specimen of what the
New World can do in the way of buildini,' a Imman being,
comes of English and Scotch ancestiy. His forefathers were
New-Englanders, but in the first years of this century removed
to what was known as the "Black River Country," in New
York State. Delevan's father was born there, and the son also,
in what was then httle more than a forest hamlet. The father
was a pioneer of heroic mold, a man of mark for his time and
Iilace. The mother was a woman of extraordinary character au<l
great personal chai-ms. The son inherited the iron frame and
marvelous strength of the father, combined with the gentleness
and fine bearing of the mother. He was bora, August 14, 1843,
on the famous old " Tug Hills " of Lewis County, New York.
His boyhood was passed on the farm m northern Oneida County.
He quickly absorbed what learning the local schools afforded,
and later pursued his studies at Falley and Cazenovia seminaries,
preparing himself by further study in private for the junior class
of Harvard University. His father's business reverses prevented
him fi'om realizing his cherished piu*pose, though he later re-
ceived degrees from Wesleyan and Columbia universities.

At sixteen years of age he began teaching in the country
schools of his vicinity, and was afterward professor of mathe-
matics in Falley and Genesee Wesleyan seminaries, and of Greek
and Latin in Cazenovia Seminary. At twenty-five he was elected
Superintendent of Public Schools in Bay City, Michigan, was
made ^^ce-president of the State Teachers' Association, and took
a promment part in the educational affah-s of that State. He is
a graduate of Columbia University Law College. After his re-
moval to New York city, where he entered on the practice of law,

295

296 DELEVAN SCOVILLE

he was for eleven years president of the New York Educational
Society. For many years lie was prominent on the lyceuni
platforms in the East and West, and attained high rank and rep-
utation as an orator and scholar. His numerous contiihutions
to periodical literature have reached a wider audience. But this
record accounts for only a part of his activities. The story of
his adventures by flood and field would of itself make a volume,
and a most fascinating one. The best summary which can be
given to him is that everywhere he has been a man among men,
strong, steadfast, unconquerable. He has to-day the mental
vigor and energy which few men show at haK his age, while his
physical strength and endiu'ance are a wonder to all who know
him.

Real estate, manufacturing, and mining have engaged his
attention in the East, South, and West. He owns or controls
fifty gold-mining claims in Colorado, besides several copper
claims, and is interested in phosphate- and antimony-mining
as well. He projected the Golden Rule Tunnel and Mining
Company, now operating nine mines, and the Kenneth Gold
Mines Syndicate, which owns nearly twenty claims, and is now
forming a timnel company which will construct and operate, in
Colorado, one of the deepest mining tunnels in the woi'ld.

In 1874 Mr. Scoville married Kate Lazelle Westover of Bay
City, Michigan, who died after bearing Mm two daughters and
three sous. Two boys died in early childhood. The third, a
promising youth, died at sixteen, while a student at Syi'acuse
University. The daughters were graduated with distinction at
the same university, and now live with their father in New
York. Mr. Scoville's second marriage, to Elizabeth Augusta
Wiggins of Southampton, New York, took place in 1888. Their
only child, a son, is now ten years old.

S>Ji)

CHARLES HITCHCOCK SHERRILL

A MONG the early Dutch settlers who planted New York and
JrX. contributed so largely to its gi-owth into the metropolis of
the Western world was a family named Wynkoop, — a name still
well known, — which was established here in 163G. Nearly
forty years later, in IGT-i, members of the good old Devonshhe
family of Shen-ill came over from England and settled at East-
hampton, Long Island. In the middle of the nineteenth centiuy
representatives of these two families, to wit, Charles Hitchcock
Sherrill and Sarah Fulton Wynkoop, became husband and wife,
and to them was born at Washington, T>. C, on April 13, 1867, a
son to whom they gave his father's name, Charles Hitchcock
Shen-ill.

The boy was intended by his parents for a professional career,
and accordingly was carefully educated. After passing through
the preparatoiy studies, he was sent, in 1885, to Yale University,
and there was graduated four years later, "v\ath the degi-ee of
B. A. Thence he proceeded, in the fall of the same year, 1889,
to the Yale Law School, and there in turn was gi-aduated in
1891, with the degree of LL. B., being one of the three " Town-
send speakers" at commencement. His postgi-aduate studies
were further continued, and led to his receipt of the degree of
M. A. from Yale, upon examination and thesis, in 1892.

Mr. Sherrill was equally conspicuous in college as a scholar
and as an athlete. For five years he was a member of the Yale
track team, and acquitted himself so well as to win no less
than seven intercollegiate athletic championships, and in 1887
the hundred-yards championship of the L^nitcd States. Since
leaving college he has maintained his interest in athletics, and
particularly in international athletics, he having arranged and

297

298 CHARLES HITCHCOCK SHEKRILL

conducted the Yale-Oxford match in London, July, 1894, and the
Yale-Cambridge match in New York, October, 1895, and being
also one of the committee of four in charge of the Yale-Harvard
vs. Oxford-Cambridge match m London, July, 1899. In 1893 he
was captain of the New York Athletic Club's senior eight-oared
crew, and he has written the treatise on "American Track Ath-
letics " in the volume on track athletics in the " Badminton
Library." He is now a member of the Advisory Committee on
Sports of the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition.

With the academic preparation described above, Mr. Sherrill,
in the fall of 1891, came to New York city to begin the practice
of his profession. For four years he was in the office of Messrs.
Carter & Ledyard, in the meantime being, in December, 1892,
admitted to the bar of the State of New York. He is now a
member of the law firm of Sherrill & Lockwood, with offices at
No. 30 Broad Street, and is prominent among the rising young
men of the legal profession.

Mr. Sherrill is earnestly interested in political matters, but
has by his own choice held no public office. In the Presidential
campaign of 1896, and again in 1900, he was secretary of the
Lawyers' Sound Money Club, and the representative of the club
on the Executive Committee of the Business Men's Association of
New York, which organized the two gi'eat sound-money parades.
He has recently been appointed by Governor Odell as captain on
the Governor's staff.

Among the social organizations with which Mr. Sherrill is
identified are the Union League, University, New York Athletic,
and Yale clubs, the Bar Association, and the Sons of the Revolu-
tion of New York, the Metropolitan Club of Washington, the
Graduates' Club of New Haven, and the Isthmian, the Leander
Rowing, and the Sports clubs of London, England. He has been
a member of the boards of governors of the New York Athletic
and Yale clubs.

^^6^

LCi

•^

WARNER SHERWOOD

THE subject of the present sketch, Warner Sherwood, repre-
sents in himself a mingling of the two races which founded
the city and State of New York and have most of all contributed
to their growth into their present imperial estate. Upon the
paternal side he is of English ancestry, while upon the maternal
side he is descended from the Dutch founders of New Am-
sterdam, and is connected with the old Brevoort family, the
name of which is so indelibly impressed upon the records of
New York.

Warner Sherwood, sou of George and Emily Sherwood, was
born in New York city, on May 22, 1832, and was educated at
the Coudert School, an institution of admirable rank, conducted
by the father of the eminent lawyer Frederic R. Coudert. His
inclinations were toward a business rather than a professional
career. His father was a banker ; but instead of seeking to enter
business with him, the boy o})tained employment under the well-
known firm of A. Iselin & Co.

While thus engaged, and at a very early age, he entered a
business undertaking on his owu account, and thus manifested
the possession of exceptional aptitude for a mercantile career.
The firm of Iselin & Co. having given him a vacation, he
improved it by accompanying his mother on a trip to Europe.
While there, amid his sight-seeing and pleasiire-seeking, he had
an eye to business. He purchased a small amount of nierchan-
dise at advantage, and was able to sell it at a considerable profit.
In this transaction his judgment, talent, and entei-prise won
recognition, and his employers advanced him rapidly to places
of more importance and influence in their house.

299

300 WAENER SHERWOOD

Long before reaching middle age, however, Mr, Sherwood
retired from employment to become one of the heads of a busi-
ness of his own. In 1865, being then at the age of thirty-three,
he entered the firm of Elliot C. Cowdin & Co. as a junior partner.
This firm was engaged in the import trade in silks, dress-goods,
etc., and already had an excellent standing in the mercantile
community. Mr. Sherwood entered into its operations with
characteristic energy and shrewdness of judgment, and it was
largely through his efforts that its business was vastly enlarged
and it became one of the very foremost commercial houses of
America.

The untu'ing activity and energy with which he addressed
himself to the business of the firm may be partially estimated
from the fact that during his connection with that house, in
a period of a little more than thu'ty years, he made no fewer
than ninety-six trips across the Atlantic Ocean, or more than
thi'ee transatlantic voyages a year! This extraordinary record
showed how unerringly his early instincts, when he was holiday-
making with his mother, pointed toward his true business vo-
cation in life.

This long and intimate famiharity with the foreign trade
fitted Mr. Sherwood in an exceptional degree for the service
of the government in the Customs Department. President
McKinley accordingly appointed him, in July, 1897, to be an
Assistant Appraiser of Merchandise at the port of New York.
Mr. Sherwood accepted the appointment, and entered promptly
upon the work involved, in which he has ever since been steadily
engaged. In that important capacity he has acquitted himself
in a manner amply justifying his high reputation for abihty and
probity and vindicating the confidence reposed in him. He may
be regarded as a typical " business man in politics," or rather in
the public service, and as one proving the value of such appoint-
ments to the welfare of the public.

Apart from this official place, Mr. Sherwood has had little to
do with political matters, save to discharge faithfully and intelli-
gently his duties as a patriotic citizen.

He has not in late years been a chib-man. Formerly he
belonged to a number of the best social organizations in New
York including the Union League, the Army and Navy, and the

"WARNER SHERWOOD

301

New York chibs, and the New Euglaud Society of New York.
But upon his marriuire he resigned from them all, acting upon
the principle, which he has ever since followed, that his home
is the best of clubs.

Mr. Sherwood was married, on Febniary 10, 1877, to Elizabeth
Kneeland Van Zandt, daughter of the Hon. Jacob Barker of
New York. He has no children.

JACOB SHRADY

NAMES are often transplanted from one country to another,
and from one race and tongue to another Somtimes
they remain unaltered, giving to the roll of the community a
polyglot sound. Sometimes they are changed to conform with
the language of the new land in which they are settled, to such
a degree as almost to lose their original characteristics. Such is
the case with the name at present under consideration. The
Shrady family, which now appears, in name as well as in all
other respects, to be entirely Americanized, traces its origin to
Johann Schrade and his wife, the latter born Schaeffer, who
came to this country from Wlirttemberg, Germany, about 1715.
They lived for a time in Boston, and then came to New York,
where they spent the rest of their Uves. They had two daugh-
ters and a son, John, who married Anna Barbara Eplin, whose
father had come fi'om Baden, Grermany. John Schrade, or
Shrady, as he began to style the family name, was an active
Revolutionary patriot in the city of New York, and was a pris-
oner of war for a time in the old Sugar-house, but escaped
therefrom in disguise. Of his ten children the third was a son,
named John, who was a schoolmate of Washington Irving, and
a soldier in the War of 1812. He married Margaret Beinhauer,
whose father had come from Vienna, Austria, and had a daugh-
ter and four sons. Of the latter, two, John and George F., have
attained eminence as physicians, and the others, Jacob and Wil-
liam, as lawyers.

Jacob Shrady, just named, was born in this city on March 24,
1839, and received a thorough education in the public schools.
University Grammar School, New York University, and Colum-
He also had, at the age of twelve years, a brief

I

bia College

302

%J^^/^^^^

JACOB SHRADY 303

experience in a broker's oflfiee, wlueli was of value to him in after
life, but which did not incline him to follow the broker's busi-
ness. While he was a law student he wrote a number of sketches
for the famous old " Knickerbocker Magazine," under the pen-
name of " Nellie Sinclair," and numerous letters for newspapers.
Among his earlier writings were " Ramblings on the Hudson,"
" The Old Coat," and " A Day in a Law Office." He received
from New York University the degi-ee of A. M., and from Colum-
])ia Law School that of LL. B.

In May, 1863, 'Mr. Shrady was admitted to the New York bar,
and since that time has devoted himself closely and with marked
success to the practice of his profession. He has figured in a
number of interesting medicolegal cases, and has read before
professional societies several papers on such subjects, which have
been published, and have attained ^vide circulation as authorita-
tive expositions of the points involved. Among these may be
mentioned " The Stenecke Will Case " before the Medicolegal
Society, and " Mental Unsoundness as Affecting Testamentary
Capacity" before the Society of Medical Jurisprudence. He
made an addi"0ss, also published, before the Sons of the Revolu-
tion, on " The Battle of Ridgefield." He is also known as a
clever and witty after-dimier orator.

Mr. Shrady has always been an earnest Republican in politics,
and has' interested himself in the welfare of that party in New
York and Brooklyn. He has been chairman of the district asso-
ciation of his assembly district, and often a delegate to county
and congressional conventions, but has not held nor sought
public office.

He is a member of the Sous of the Revolution, the St. Nicho-
las Society, the Republican Club, the Brooklyn Ai-t Guild, the
Harlem Republican Club, and the alumni associations of New
York University and Columbia Law School. He has been mar-
ried twice. His first wife was Emma M. Grigg, whom he married
in November, 1871. After her death, in September, 1882, ho
man-ied Miss Jennie Kempton. He has two daughters, Florence
M. Shrady and Marjorie F. Shrady.

EDGAR OSCAR SILVER

THE paternal ancestors of Edgar Oscar Silver came from
England in early colonial times, settling in New England.
His two great-grandfathers Samuel Silver and Samuel Nichols
fought in the Revolutionary War. His gi'andf ather Arad Silver,
horn in 1793, was one of the pioneer settlers of northeastern Ver-
mont, and established at Bloomfield, on the Connecticut River, a
home which remained until recently in possession of the family,
and there the subject of this sketch was born. His father, Albert
A. Silver, was bom in Bloomfield in 1834, and, while following
the occupation of a farmer, he gave to his six children every
facility and encouragement within his power in the direction of
liberal education. The maternal ancestors of Mr. Silver were
chiefly English and French Huguenot, with an admixture of
Ulster blood from the north of Ireland. His great-grandfather
James Jenne and his wife were among the first settlers in
Orleans County, Vermont, where his descendants still reside.

Edgar Oscar Silver, eldest son of Albert A. Silver and Sarah
Warren (Jenne) Silver, was born at Bloomfield, Vermont, on
April 17, 1860, and at the age of twelve years removed with his
parents to his mother's native town, Derby, Vermont. He was
educated in the public schools of Bloomfield and Derby, in the
Derby Academy, in the Waterville (now Coburn) Classical In-
stitute at Waterville, Maine, in Colby University at Water\'ille,
and in Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. At Brown
he was editor-in-chief of the " Brunonian " and president of the
Young Men's Chi-istian Association, and generally took a lead-
ing part in student affau's. He was also elected to Phi Beta
Kappa, and was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1883, and
in 1886 received the degree of A. M.

304

EDGAR OSCAR SILVER 305

He was a scnool-teacber at Coventry, Vermont, wlien lie was
sixteen years old. The next year be taught a gi-aded school at
West Charleston, Vermont. Between his com-se at Colby and
that at Brown be taught a grammar school at Claremont,' New
Hampshire. Tims he earned money enough for the gi-eater
part of bis college expenses. Immediately after bis grad'iiation
from college Mr. Silver entered the employ of Messrs. D. Apple-
ton & Co., the well-known New York publishers. Less than
two years later he left that bouse to open in Boston, on Ai)ril
21, 1885, the business which has since developed into the im-
portant publishing bouse of Silver, Bm-dett & Co., in which
his two l)rotbers Elmer E. and Albert A., Jr., are also asso-
ciated. This firm was incoi-porated on April 1, 1892, ever
since whicb date Mr. Silver has been its president and general
manager. In the fall of 1897 Mr. Silver removed bis business
headquarters to New York.

Mr. Silver is a trustee of Brown University; president of the
American Institute of Applied Music of New York ; chainnan
of the Board of Trustees of Shaw University (for colored men
and women) at Raleigh, North Carolina ; and a trustee of Roger
Williams University (colored) at Nashville, Tennessee; of the
Derby Academy at Derby, Vermont, and of the New England
Baptist Hospital in Boston. He has been an active member of
the National Education Association for many years ; be was a
member of the International Congress of Publishers which con-
vened in London in 1899, and bas traveled in Europe and other
countries. He makes his summer home at Derby, Vermont, on
his " Fairmedes Farm," which he established there in 1892.

Mr. Silver is a member of the Aldine Association, the Phi
Beta Kappa Graduates' Association, and the Brown University
Club, of New York ; of the University Club and the Vennont
A.ssociation, of Boston ; of the New England Society of Orange,
Mew Jersey ; and of the Repuldican Cluli of East Orange, New
Jersey. He was married in Providence, Rhode Island, on Janu-
ary -4, 1888, to Miss Susan Florence Maine of North Stoning-
ton, Connecticut, a graduate of Wellesley College, class of 188G.
They have six children : Katherine, Ani'ie Louise, Edgar Oscai*,
Jr., Helen Florence, Priscilla Wan-en, aud Susan Geraldiue.

CHAELES EDWARD WINGATE SMITH

THE great tide of immigration from tlie foiu- corners of the
earth which incessantly flows into the port of New York is
in a measure rivaled — far surpassed in quahty at least — by
that of domestic migration, which year by year brings hither
ambitious and effective men from all parts of the United States,
seeking the larger opportunities and loftier possibilities afforded
by the metropolis. Some of these are only retm*uing to what
was the home of then* fathers. Others come of the stock that
originally settled in distant colonies, remained in other States of
the nation, and only in this generation seeks the great center of
North American business life.

To the last-described class belongs Charles Edward Wingate
Smith of No. 71 Broadway, New York, who has won for himself
an assured and respected place in the financial world as a broker.
Mr. Smith is a gentleman of sterling integrity and superior
ability in his particular line, having the entire confidence of his
patrons. He is of jjurely Southern origin. His remote ancestors
came from England and settled in the colonies at an early date.
His father's family was identified with Virginia for many gen-
erations, and then moved southward into the Palmetto State.
His mother's ancestors first settled in New England, and then
removed to the South. Two generations ago the two lines came
together in South Carolina. There, in the last generation, John
E. Smith was born, and was married to his wife, Mary E. Smith,
who was also of South Carolina nativity. Mr. Smith was a
farmer by occupation, at Marion, in Marion County, on the his-
toric soil by the Great Pedee River.

At Marion, of such parentage, Chai-les Edward Wingate Smith
was born on September 18, 1852. He was first educated at local

306

p-^S^^c

CHARLES EDWARD WINOATE SMITH 307

schools; then pivpai-ed lur coHcp' at the Union Academy, in
Robeson Connty. North Carohna, just across the border from
Marion County ; and tiually linished his academic career at tlie
Randolph-Macon College, in Virginia; thus in his birth and
education spanning the three historic Southern States.

Mr. Smith's early life was spent upon his father's farm, where
he diligently performed the duties incidental to the life of u
farmer. It was not until he was seventeen years old that he
saw his way clear to securing a higher education and to fitting
himself for a business career. Then he went to the Union
Academy for a few months, pajing his tuition by working out-
side of school hom's. Finding that unsatisfactory, he left the
academy for a time, and taught a small ungraded school, where
out of his small salary he was able by dint of great economy to
save a few dollars. With such savings he returned to the acad-
emy and paid his tuition for a few more months. Again ho
became teacher of a small country school, and again he saved
every cent that could be spared. Thus he accumulated enough
to enable him to enter Randolph-Macon College and to pursue
a course of study there. In 1875, at the age of twenty-three, he
left college and retm-ned for a third time to the school-teacher's
desk. He was appointed principal of the high school at Lau-
rinburg. North Carolina, and held that place three years. Dm-ing
that time he was married.

Mr. Smith gave up the school in 1878 to return to what had
been his occupation before he went to school. His wife had
received from her father the gift of a fai-m, and he devoted him-
self for the best part of two years to cultivating it. At the same
time he began to be interested in the agricultural fertilizer busi-
ness as an agent. Finding the latter more profitable than farm-
ing, he presently devoted his whole attention to it, and became
a dealer in fertilizers, on a large scale, at Laurinburg and at
Wilmington, North Carolina.

A considerable degree of prosperity was attained by Mr. Sniitli
in that business, and he had fair prospects of a successful career
in it But he looked to larger undertakings in a larger place.
Accordingly in 1883 he sold out his business in the South, and
came to the North. He settled in New York city, where he has
been ever since.

308 CHARLES EDWARD WINGATE SMITH

lu New York Mr. Smith found liimseK in tbe financial capital
of the nation, and he himself decided to engage in financial pur-
suits. He opened an office as a broker, and quickly evinced his
aptitude for that business. He devoted his chief attention to
negotiating the sale of stocks and bonds put upon the market
by railroad companies and other substantial corporations. As
a rule he thus finances the entire issue of such a security, and
thus plays an important part in the market of investment scrip.

Mr. Smith is a broker pure and simple, and nothing more.
His business is confined to bankers and similar capitahsts, who
alone are able to deal in the entire issues of securities which he
places upon the market. He has deemed it vdse to refrain from
official connection with the enterprises whose securities he sells,
and his name is not, therefore, on the directories of any corpora-
tions, with one or two exceptions, recently being connected as
temporary treasurer with the American Gold & Copper Mining
Company and the Consohdated Copper Company. These com-
panies are developing large mining properties in Arizona. Neither
has he found the time nor felt the inclination to become an
office-holder or office-seeker, or to take any part in political
affau-s beyond that of a private citizen. He is not a club-man,
finding it more to his taste to devote all of his spare time to his
family, of whom he is very fond,

Mr. Smith was, as already stated, married while he was prin-
cipal of the high school at Laurinburg, North Carolina. The
wedding occin-red on September 27, 1877. His bride was Miss
Fanny Roper, daughter of Colonel James T. Roper of Laurin-
burg. She has borne him five children, as follows : Sara Mar-
garet Smith, James Turner Roper Smith, Mary McBride Smith,
Charles Edward Wingate Smith, Jr., and John Willis McArn
Smith.

. 4

■fCh^^

'^>^^^^^^

FRED DE LYSLE SMITH

rpHE subject of the present sketcli is descended from Isaac
X Smith, a man of English and ^yelsh ancestry wlio lived at
Glastonbury, Connecticut, and was an active participant in the
Revolutionaiy War. He man-ied Ruth HolUster, and had foui-
children — Elizur, Zephaniah, Asa, and Ruth. Zephaniah man-ied
Hannah Hickok, and was the father of the five " Glastonbuiy
Smith Sisters," two of whom, Juha and Abby, became noted for
their resistance to what they deemed taxation without repre-
sentation, permitting their property to be sold rather than pay
taxes on it. Elizur Smith man-ied Elizabeth Simons, and had
three childi-en, one of whom, George, became a prominent an<l
much-beloved minister of the Protestant Methodist Church in
Washington County, New York. The Rev. George Smith mar-
ried Hannah Temple, and had a son, Horace Smith, who be-
came a carriage manufacturer and dealer in fai-m produce, and
who is now living in Brooklj^m, New Yoi-k. Hannah Temple,
wife of the Rev. George Smith, was descended from Abraham
Temple, who came fi-om England and settled in Massachusetts in
1636. Horace Smith, named above, man-ied Calista Jane Bal)-
cock, a woman of gi-eat force of character and loveliness of dis-
position. She was descended from the Babcock family of Rhode
Island, which was related to the Sherman family fi-om which
General William T. Shennan came, and from the Clements
family, of Dutch — and probably royal — origin, of Dutchess
County, New York.

Fred De Lysle Smith, son of Horace and Calista Babcock
Smith, was born on October 4, 1856, at North Hebron, Wash-
ington County, New York. He was educated at the North
Hebron Academy; at the Eastman Business College, Pough-

309

310 FRED DE LYSLE SMITH

keepsie; at the Troy Conference Seminary at Poultney, Ver-
mont ; at Williams College, where he was graduated with the
degree of A. B. in 1883, after a brilliant career as a student ; and
in the Law Department of the Columbian University, Washing-
ton, D. C, from which he received the degrees of LL. B. and
LL. M. in 1885.

At eleven years of age his parents removed from North Hebron
to Poultney, and there, at the age of fourteen, he was employed
in a general store. Thence he went to Eastman's Business Col-
lege ; thence to a dry-goods house at Troy ; thence to the
Conference Seminary and College. While at the Columbian
University he was private secretary to General William B.
Hazen.

Mr. Smith came to New York city in the fall of 1885, and en-
gaged in the practice of law. For six years he was associated
with the counsel of the Bell Telephone Company, at the same
time building up a private practice. In 1892 he opened offices
in the Equitable Building, from which he removed to his present
quarters in the American Surety Building. He has conducted a
general law practice, ])ut has paid especial attention to corpora-
tion, commercial, and probate law. He is counsel for a number
of large corporations, and has otherwise a wealthy and impor-
tant clientage. His success has been marked, and his general
standing in the profession is high.

In college Mr. Smith was a member of the Zeta Psi Fraternity,
and is now president of its alumni association. He is also a
member of Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Delta Phi, the New York Law
. Institute, the New York State Bar Association, the Society of
Medical Jui'isprudence, the Williams College Alumni Associa-
tion of New York (of which he is secretary), the Brooklyn
Young Republican Club, and the Union League Club of Brook-
lyn. He was married, on April 27, 1887, to Miss Florence
Hamilton, daughter of Dr. John W. Hamilton and niece of Dr.
Greoi'ge Ryerson Fowler of Brooklyn. She died on February 5,
1888. On December 16, 1890, he was married to Miss Ella
Louise Leveridge, daughter of Charles E. Leveridge of Eliza-
beth, New Jersey.

\^>i^— ' k,

FRANK JULIAN SPllAGUE

FRANK JULIAN SPRAGUE, electrical engineer of New
York city, was bom in Milford, Connecticut, on .Tnly 25,
1857, the son of David Cunimings and Frances Julia (King)
Sprague. He comes of good English stock, dating back to early
colonial times. He received his early education in the common
schools of North Adams, Massachusetts.

In 1874 he won a competitive appointment to the United
States Naval Academy at Annapolis, and was gi-adnated with
honors in 1878. His first long cruise was around the world,
saihng on the Richmond and acting as special correspondent of
the Boston " Herald " during General Grant's visit to the East.
On his retimi he went to Newport, where ho built his first motor
at the torpedo station, then joined the Lancaster, and was the
naval representative at the Electrical Exhibition in London in
1882. Shortly afterward he resigned, and, after a year ^ath Mr.
Edison, he formed the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor
Company, giving especial attention to the development of sta-
tionary motors and electric traction.

In 1886 he commenced experiments on the Manhattan Elevated
Railway, and in 1887 took several contracts for electrically
equipping street-railways, one of these being at Richmond, Vir-
ginia. The installation of this latter road, attended by most dis-
couraging circumstances, and carried through only by untiring
efforts and sacrifices, marked a new epoch in street-car service,
for the Richmond plant was the first practically to demonstrate
the feasibility of electric tramways, and its success led, during
the next six years, to the transformation of fiv(3 sixths of the
existing lines into electric systems. To Mr. Sprague more than
to any other man is due this extraordinary development. Among

311

312 FRANK JULIAN SPRAGUE

many features introduced by liim at Riclimond and St. Joseph,
all of which are now standard, are : universally movable trolley ;
fixed motor-l>rushes for both motions of the car ; single reduction
motors centered on the axle and flexildy supported ; double motor
equipments, with entire weight available for traction and sym-
metrically distributed ; bonded tracks with su^jplemental wire ;
series-parallel control ; and two motors controlled by a single con-
troller from either end of the car.

Henry Vi-eeland, in his " One Hundred Years of Progress,"
states that the fom* epochs in street-railroading were John Ste-
phenson's first car, Halliday's cable, Sprague's electric railway
development, and Henry Whitney's consolidation methods.

The principles Mr. Sprague introduced into electric railway
work, and the unexampled development of the electric systems
employing them, together with his subsequent work, have estab-
lished him as one of the foremost living engineers.

In 1889 the Edison Company absorbed the Sprague Company,
and Mr. Sprague soon resigned, forming the Sprague Electric
Elevator Company, and began a struggle for the supremacy of
the electric against the hydi-aulic elevator, a bitter contest for
five years, resulting in a combination after the electric elevator
had established itself. Its progress in the United States was
supplemented in 1897 by the largest contract of its kind ever
given, namely, that for forty-eight elevators for the Central
London Railway.

In the spring of 1897 Mr. Sprague took the contract for
changing over the equipment of the South Side Elevated Rail-
way of Chicago into an electric railway on a new system which
he called the " multiple unit " system, in which individual cars
are wholly or in part electrically equipped in such manner that
they can be made up into train combinations of any length, and
controlled from any desired number of points.

Shoi-tly after a new Sprague Electric Company was formed and
took over the South Side contract, which was successfully carried
out in the face of many predictions of failure.

Mr. Sprague's work has been essentially constructive. He
was a pioneer in the stationary motor business, built the first
successful modern trolley railway, developing most of the essen-
tials, invented the modem method of motor suspension, built the

FRANK JULIAN SPKAOUE r{l3

first electric locomotive car and the lirst larj,'e electric locomotive
in this couutry, built the lii-st high-speed electric elevator and
the largest elevator plant in existence, has equipped the highest
office building in the world, and originated and first reduced to
practice the multiple unit system. He has given much time
and thought to the study of the rapid-transit jn-oblcm in New
York city, and is an authority on the subject. Mr. Sprague is
an ex-president of the Ameiican Institute of Electrical En-
gineers, and a member of various scientific and engineering
societies. He is a member of the University and several other
clubs, and iu pohtics is an independent Repubhcan.

THOMAS ELLIOT STEWART

THE ancestors of Thomas Elliot Stewart were natives of
Ireland, a nation which has contributed a fuller quota of
bright men to the population of the United States than any one
other Eui'opean state. Both of his parents were born in the
town of Randalstown, County Antrim. Their names were
James N. Stewart and Mary Elliot Stewart, and after their
marriage, in 1813, they came to America, and settled in New
York city, where Mr. Stewart followed the trade of a cabinet-
maker.

Thomas Elliot Stewart was born in New York, September 22,
1821. He was educated in the pubhc schools, and was a student
under Sheppard Johnson, a noted educator of the forties, in a
school on Broadway, between Prince and Spring streets.

In 1842 he entered the office of Elijah Paine, where he studied
law, and in 1847 was admitted to the bar. Mr. Paine some time
afterward was elected a judge of the New York Superior Com't,
and Mr. Stewart succeeded to his practice. This he carried on
alone for a year or two, and then formed a partnership with
Dunham Jones Crane, under the name of Stewart & Crane.
In the next year the firm was changed to Stewart, StaUknecht
& Crane, followed by Stewart, Lane & Thomas, Stewart, Child &
Lane, and Stewart & Townley. Since the last-named partner-
ship was dissolved, Mr. Stewart has practised alone.

Mr. Stewart in early life took an active part in State and na-
tional politics. He was a member of the Republican State Com-
mittee in 1866, when Hoffman and Pruyn were elected Govemor
and Lieutenant-Governor. He was again a member of the State
Committee in 1868, and in 1872 was made chairman of the Lib-
eral RepubUcan General Committee. At this period he was

314

\

■ ■i»-^^ .'WV

>**.v

THOMAS ELLIOT STEWART .'Ho

president of the Lincoln Club, which luul its rooms over Pur-
cell's restaurant, near Twenty-fii-st Street, antl was a powi-rtul
factor in Republican politics of the day. He was a personal
friend and an ardent admirer of Horace Greeley, and had the
distinction of nominating him for the Presidency at the Liberal
Repu])lican Convention, held at Baltimore in 1872. In 1875
he was made a park commissioner, an ofl&co in which he did
notably good work. He was appointed by Mayor FrankUn
Edson, in November of 1883, one of the five cable commissioners
to decide on the introduction of cable roads into the city, and
has held other positions of ti-ust and honor.

Mr. Stewart belongs to the New York Athletic, the Repub-
hcan, and the Ohnnpic clubs of New York, and the Islip Club
of Siiffolk County, Long Island. He is a life member of the
Lotus Club, a fellow^ for life of the National Academy of De-
sign, and an honorary member of the Mercantile Library Asso-
ciation.

He was married, May 31, 1854, to Miss Harrietta Ellen Tay-
lor, a daughter of Dr. George Taylor of New Milford, Con-
necticut. Then- only son, who bears his maternal gi-andfather's
name, and has adopted his profession, was graduated from Trin-
ity College, Hartford, and from Hanuiman College, Philadel-
phia, and is now^ chief of staff of the Metropolitan Hospital,
Blackwell's Island. He married Miss May Fargo of San Fran-
cisco, and they have one child.

ANSON PHELPS STOKES

THE subject of this sketch is a grandson of Thomas Stokes,
a retired London merchant, who was born in London in
1765 ; married at Lowestoft, on August 21, 1793, Ehzabeth Ann
Boulter, daughter of James Boulter ; and in 1798 came to New
York, where he owned considerable real estate. While in Lon-
don Thomas Stokes was one of the foimders of the LondoD
Missionary Society, and was associated with Robert Raikes in
the Sunday-school movement. On coming to New York he
participated in founding the American Bible Society, the Amer-
ican Tract Society, etc.

James Stokes, son of Thomas Stokes, was born in New York
on January 31, 1804. He was for nearly forty years with
Phelps, Dodge & Co., in which firm he was one of the senior
partners, and finally he was one of the heads of the New York
and foreign banking house of Phelps, Stokes & Co. He was
active in benevolent work. He married, on April 12, 1837,
Caroline Phelps, daughter of Anson Greene Phelps, the New
York merchant and philanthropist, founder of Ansonia, Connec-
ticut, and a descendant of Greorge Phelps, who was among the
founders of Boston, Windsor, and Westfield. Carohne Phelps,
who was sixth in descent from George Phelps, was also de-
scended from the three early colonial governors, Thomas Dudley,
John Haynes, and George Wyllys, and from the Watson, Gris-
wold, Woodbridge, Harlakenden, Egleston, Wolcott, and other
early colonial families of New England.

Anson Phelps Stokes, eldest son of James and Caroline
Stokes, was born at the Phelps country place on the East River,
near where Thirtieth Street now is, in New York, on February
22, 1838. In January, 1861, he became partner in Phelps, Dodge

31G

^^■:^

C4u^Ut^ rlu/^i ^^eTuJ

ANSON PHELPS STOKES 317

& Co., and in January, 1879, with his father and his father-iu-
haw, formed the banking house of Phelps, Stokes & Co.

Mr. Stokes is a tnistee in the United States Trust Company,
and a director of the Ansonia Clo.-k Company, of the Pennsyl-
vania Joint Lumber & Land Company, etc. He founded the
Dudley Company, the Woodbridge Company, and the llaynes
Company, which are real-estate companies owning property in
the business portions of New York city. He is a trustee of the
Home for Lacurables, of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary,
etc., and has been active in fi-ee trade and civil service relurm
and municipal reform movements. He has written a work on
" Joint-Metallism," the fifth edition of which was published in
1896. He has also written *' Dangers of the Proposed National
Paper Money TriTst," and has contributed many articles to the
newspapers, and in 1900 was president of the National Associ-
ation of Anti-Imperialist Clubs.

Mr. Stokes was the first president of the Reform Club of New
York, and for two terms was vice-commodore of the New York
Yacht Club. He has made a number of cruises in his yachts to
Bermuda, the West Indies, etc. He has visited much in the
Midlands, England, where he hunted during many winters
before he lost his left leg, in 1899, by his horse bolting and
crushing his knee against a tree. He is a member of the Cen-
tury, Knickerbocker, Reform, City, Lawyers', New York Yacht,
Seawanhaka Yacht, and other New York clubs, and of the
Wellington Club of London. Mr. Stokes is a Free Trade Dem-
ocrat and has alwa^'s opposed Tammany. While active and
successful in business, he has preferred his Ubrary to his uffice,
and after the death of his father he retired and resigned from
the boards of most of the companies in which he was interested.

He married, on October 17, 1865, Helen L. Phelps, daughter
of Isaac N. Phelps, a leading banker of New York. She is sixth
ill descent from Gleorge Phelps of Windsor, Connecticut, and is
also descended from the early colonial famihes of Grant, Wyatt,
Porter, Stoughton, Wadsworth, Emerson, Graham, etc.

Their city home is at No. 229 Madison Avenue, and their
country places are Shadow Brook, near Lenox, Massachusetts;
Birch island, in Upper St. Regis Lake, Adiroudacks, New York;
and Long Neck, Darien, Connecticut.

J. G. PHELPS STOKES

THE first American ancestor of James Graham Phelps Stokes
was George Phelps, who came over from England in 1630,
on the Mary and John, the first of Governor Winthrop's ships to
arrive in Massachusetts Bay. He settled at first in Massachu-
setts, but the family soon removed to Connecticut, where it has
been estabhshed for more than two and a half centuiies.
Through his first wife George Phelps was a direct progenitor
of the mother of our present subject, and through his second
yrdQ a progenitor of his father. Another early American ances-
tor of Mr. Stokes was the Rev. John Woodbridge of Newbury,
Massachusetts, who arrived in that colony in 1634. Other New ,
England branches of his genealogical tree bear the well-known
names of Dudley, Lamb, Wyllys, Haynes, Wolcott, Egleston,
and Talcott. The first to bear the name of Stokes in this coun-
try was Thomas Stokes, who came from London and settled in
New York city in 1798. He was a descendant of George Phelps,
and a direct ancestor of the subject of this sketch.

James Graham Phelps Stokes was born in New York, on
March 18, 1872, the son of Anson Phelps Stokes and Helen
Louisa Phelps. His father was one of the most prominent
bankers of this city. He was educated at the Bei'keley School,
New York, and while there was president of the Interscholastic
Athletic Association of New York. In 1889 he entered the Shef-
field Scientific School, Yale University, where he was an editor
of the " Yale Record," vice-president of the College Young Men's
Christian Association, director of the Cooperative Association,
and a member of the Delta Psi Fraternity. He was graduated
in 1892, with the degree of Ph. B., and spent the next year in
traveling around the world. In the fall of 1893 he entered the

318

J. G. PHELPS STOKES '■)}[)

College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and
was graduated in 1896, with the degree of M. D. He served for
some time as assistant aml>ulanee surgeon at Roosevelt Hospital.
He did not take u]) rogulur medical practice, however, l)ut used
his education as an instrument in sociological work. In ISDG he
became a resident at the University Settlement, and a sanitary
inspector for the then East Side Sanitary Union. He .spent
the college year of 1896-97 studying sociologj^, pauperism, and
penology at Columbia University.

For some years he has been a member of the executive com-
mittee of the Ai-mstrong Association, a tmstee of the Tuskegee
Institute, a manager of the Association for Improving the Con-
dition of the Poor, chairman of Hartley House, a director of the
Institution for Instruction of the Deaf and Dmnb, chairman of
the People's Institute, a member of the executive committee of
the Federation of Churches and Christian Workers, a member
of the council of the University Settlement Society, a director
of the Legal Aid Society, a trustee of the City Club, etc., and has
recently become a director of the Prison Association.

He is president of the Nevada Central Railroad, of the Nevada
Company, and of the Woodbridge Company of New York, and is
connected in an executive capacity with various other enter-
prises. In 1896 he was chairman of the finance committee of
the Civil Service Reform Association of New York, and since
1896 has been an officer of the Berkshire (Burnliam) Industrial
Farm. In 1897 he was one of the managers of the West Side
Branch of the Young Men's Christian Association.

IVIi-. Stokes is a member of Squadron A, N. G. S. N. Y.. of the
Knickerbocker, University, Riding, City, Yale, St. Anthony, and
Drug Trade clubs, and of the Yew York Zoological Society. He
is a life member of the Charity Organization Society. He is
president of the Stokes Tnist Corporation of New Haven, which
built St. Anthony Hall, the dormitory and club-house of the
Sigma Chapter of the Delta Psi Fraternity. He is also a director
of the Yale Alumni University Fund Association, and is actively
interested in the welfare of his Alma Mater and his frateniity,
as well as in the larger welfare of society in general.

RICHARD ALSOP STORRS

RICHARD ALSOP STORRS came of good old New
' England stock. His father, Joseph Storrs, was a prom-
inent merchant of Oyster Bay, Long Island. His grandfather,
Dr. Justus Storrs, was a native of Mansfield, Connecticut, and
was a sm-geon in the Revolutionary army. Both Justus and
Joseph Storrs also sei-ved in the War of 1812. The mother of
Mr. Storrs was, before her marriage, Ann Town send Alsop, the
Alsops and Townsends being old and well-known families of
Oyster Bay, who had in early times gone thither from New
England. Richard Alsop Storrs was born at Oyster Bay on
January 10, 1830. He was educated in the Oyster Bay Academy.
At the age of sixteen years he completed his school course and
entered business life in New York as a clerk in the old book-
store of Lewis Colby on Nassau Street, where he spent five
years. In 1851 he entered the pubhshing-house of Cady &
Burgess on John Street. In August of the next year Mr. Cady
withdrew from the firm, and Mr. Storrs became a partner in it,
the name then becoming Daniel Burgess & Co. This firm pub-
lished many educational books of standard lank, such as Roswell
C. Smith's arithmetics, Asa Smith's astronomy. Tower's readers
and algebra, Walker's book on elocution, and Dr. Guernsey's
histories. The fii'm also did a large business as wholesale dealers
in the publications of the Harpers, Appletons, and other leading
houses. In 1856 Mr. Burgess died, and ]VIi\ Storrs soon after
closed out the business.

He then entei*ed the public service. A. C. Flagg, Controller
of the city of New York, selected him in 1857 for an important
place in his office, which Mr. Storrs accepted in December of
that year, and which he held during the administrations of Mr.

320

'M~rT/^/^--

RICHARD ALSOP STORKS :521

Flagg and his successor, Controller Brenuan. In 1803 William
E. Wan-en resigned the Deputy Controllership, and Mr. Storrs
was promoted to take his place. Mr. Storrs remained in the
latter office until the Controllership of Andrew H. Green. Later
Mr. Storrs was reappointed Deputy Controller by John Kelly,
and he remained in that place to the end of his hfe.

Mr. Storrs was also secretary of the Sinking Fund Commission,
and did nuu-h important work in the Board of Estimate and
Apportionment, lie was for some timt; clerk to the Board of
Revision and Con-ection of Assessments, was secretary to the
Criminal Court-house Commission, and discharged many other
public duties. He was a member and trustee of St. Paul's
Methodist Episcopal Church, and a member of the building
committee of its new edifice. He was one of the organizers
of the Hahnemann Hospital. He was a patron of the Cluistian
Home for Intemperate Men, and president of the Moderation
Society, which maintained free drinking-fountains. He was a
member of the General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, a
tiaistee of the Bower}- Savings Bank, and, by right of descent
from Dr. Justus Storrs, a Connecticut member of the Society of
the Cincinnati and a member of the Empire State Society of the
Sons of the American Revolution.

Mr. StoiTs was married, on April 3, 1852, to Miss Comeha
Keeler, daughter of Walter Keeler, a prominent real-estate
owner of New York. Then- only child, Isabel Madeline, was
boi-n on January 14, 1853, and died on December 25, 1860. ^Mr.
StoiTS died, almost hterally at his post of public duty, on May
11, 1896. Resolutions of regret and tril)utc were adopted by his
associates in the municipal government, and by the coi-porations
of St. Paul's Chiu-ch and the Bow.i\ Savings Bank. Controller
Ashbel P. Fitch declared him to have been "the ideal public
servant"; and the Rev. F. A. M. Chapman, who had long knowni
him, said in an address at the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian
Church : "As a man, he was manly; as a friend, he was true;
as a husband, he was tender and loving; as a Christian, he was
humble and unpretending, but genuine."

HENRY ADGATE STRONG

THE Anglo-Saxon race loves men who are at once brave
and true, such as are characteristic of itself. Its con-
fidence and support are given to those w^ho are at once resolute
fighters and scrupulous maintainers of then- integrity and honor.
The subject of the present sketch is an example of that kind of
man, and his career demonstrates what success awaits those who
unwaveringly pursue a campaign, be it in politics or any other
occupation, and jealously guard then- integrity and then* deserts
of popular ti-ust. Twice Mayor and now City Attorney of the
municipality in which he has made his home for more than a
quarter of a century, Henry Adgate Strong has proved the
possibility of being an active and successful pohtician without
forfeiting the confidence and high esteem of all who know him.
In aU his active and successful career it is his gratifying boast
that he has never once foimd it necessary in any matter, great
or small, to violate his conscience or to abjure his faith by
making compromise with evil.

Henry Adgate Strong was born of sturdy, intelhgent, and
progressive New England stock, at Colchester, Connecticut,
September 10, 1846, a son of Edward Henry and Eunice (Loomis)
Strong. He prepared himself for a coUegiate course at Phdhps
Academy, at Andover, Massachusetts, and subsequently at
Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire. He left the latter
preparatory school in his middle year to enter Yale with the class
of '73, and was graduated with that class. He was a member
of the Alpha Delta Phi Fraternity. He studied law at the
Albany Law School, and took his degree in 1874, and spent that
summer studying law in Troy. In September, 1874, he began
the practice of law in Cohoes, New Y'ork.

322

^/'Br ^K

.^»«fV^

^

•SArtAV Q, 6"' 'Q

HENRY ADQATE STKONQ 32:1

His character and attainments instantly won for liim tlio
respect and eontidence of the commnnity. He was elected a
school commissioner in 1878, for two years, but resij^ned when
appointed City Attorney on March 18, 1879. He ran for Mayor
on the Repubhcan ticket in 1888, and was defeated. He was
a^ii'm nominated in 1892, and elected, and was reelected in 1894.
During the campaign of 1894, he was invited to become a can-
didate of the Albany Independents for Surrogate on the ticket
headed by Oren E, Wilson, but he deehned this compliment.
At the expiration of his mayoralty term he was reappointed
City Attorney.

He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He married
Esther L. Hastings of Schenectady, and has no chiidi-eu.

This bald recital of the conspicuous events in the pubhc career
of Mr. Strong gives but slight indication of his character and
the value of his work and example. Mi'n are measured by their
opportunities. It is not uiu-easouable to assume that the indi-
vidual who is a leader in his own community would show him-
self possessed of commanding quaUties in any community. Tlic
recognition which has l:)een given to Mr. Strong for his inde-
pendence, honesty, public spirit, and aljsolute devotion to the
highest ideal of public service and responsibihty, in spite of his
repeated and flagrant objections to partizan management ami
methods, determines that what he has proved himself to be in
Cohoes he would be in any other city. A man of powerful and
impressive personahty, he compels attention in all circumstances.
He is a most persuasive pleader and thoroughly well-equipped
lawyer, and has shown himself possessed of judicial tempera-
ment and capacity. No citizen of Cohoes woidd be astonished
at any honor that might be confeiTod ujion the City Attorney.
He is a man who would fill well any station which he might be
called upon to occupy.

(si£i>

EDWARD BAKER TALCOTT

ONE of the most enterprising and successful brokers in the
New York Stock Exchange is a descendant of the old Tal-
cott family of Warwickshire and Essex, England. The family
was transplanted to America by John Talcott, who came to Bos-
ton in 1632, and four years later removed to Hartford, where he
became a magistrate. His son, born in England, became trea-
siu-er of the colony, and in King Philip's War arose to the rank
of lieutenant-colonel. In the next generation Hezekiah Talcott
was one of the founders of Durham, Connecticut. In the fifth
generation Noah Talcott became a prominent merchant in New
York city, and was one of the founders of the New England
Society of New York. His son, Frederick L. Talcott, with his
two sons, Frederick L. Talcott, Jr., and August B. Talcott,
founded the banking-house of Talcott & Sons, and also the or-
ganization of merchants from which grew the Cotton Exchange.
Frederick L. Talcott, the elder, married Miss Harriet NeweU
Burnham, and had seven children, fom- sous and three daughters.
The fourth son and sixth child is the subject of this sketch.

Edward Baker Talcott was born, as above, in New York, on
January 21, 1858. He was carefully educated, with especial
view to a business career, and at an early age began an active
business life. His first engagement was at the age of sixteen
years, in 1874, in the banking-house of his father and elder
brothers, mentioned above. There his training in financial mat-
ters was admirable, and he rapidly developed more than ordinary
aptitude for the business of the Street. His next engagement
to which he soon went was in the house of Charles F. Hardy &
Co., for which he made several trips to Europe, and acquitted
himself so well that he was presently offered a membership in

324

^t

£c^^

EDWARD BAKER TALCOTT 32')

the linn. Tliis he dechued, ami then, in 1S80, after four years of
service, withdrew from Hardy & Co., and entered the lirni uf
Talcott & Sons. At the same time he became a member of the
New York Stock Exchange. For three yeai-s he remained with
his father and l)rothers, and then became an operator on his own
accoimt. In this he was liighly prosperous, and became one of
the most notable figures on the floor of the Exchange. Finally,
in January, 1897, he entered the important house of Bell & Co.,
and has ever since represented it in tlie Excliange.

Apart from his Wall Street enterprises, Mr. Talcott has been
conspicuously identified with athletic sports. He had long l)ri-n
interested in base-ball, and in 1890 became actively interested in
the management of the New York team of the National League.
On his retiuii from a Em-opean trip in 1892 he found that organ-
ization in a bad plight. It was overwhelmed with debts and
almost at the point of dissolution. He went to its rescue, was
made managing director with fuU control, and by his good man-
agement soon put it on its feet again. By the end of the season
of 189-4 he had all the debts paid off and the club on a paj-ing
basis. Then he sold out his interests and retired from the man-
agement.

Mr. Talcott is a member of the Manhattan, Democratic, New
York Athletic, Atlantic Yacht, Colonial, and other clubs. He
has for years been an active and infliiential member of the
Democratic party, but has persistently declined to be a candi-
date for public office.

He was married, in 1879, to Miss Sara T. Robersou, daughter
of W. H. Roberson of this city. Their only child, a son, was
bom in 1880 and died in 1886.

V

ERNST THALMANN

THE ancient city of Mannheim, in the grand duchy of Baden,
Germany, at the junction of the Neckar with the Rhine, is
famed for its trade and its industries, as well as for its noble
ducal palace and stately churches. Only the little state of
Hesse-Darmstadt lies between it and Frankfort-on-the-Main, so
that it may be reckoned to be within the " sphere of influence"
of that great financial center. It is a fitting place in which to
look for captains of industry, merchant princes, and masters of
finance.

It was at Mannheim that the subject of this sketch, Ernst
Thahnann, was born in 1851. He was the son of M. Thalmann,
one of the foremost merchants of the city, and inherited a taste
and an aptitude for business rather than for professional life.
There are no better schools and colleges in the world than those
of Germany, whether for professional or for industrial students,
and in these, at Mannheim, Mr. Thalmann was carefully educated.

While yet a mere youth, in September, 1868, he came to the
United States, seeking here opportunities of business advance-
ment more ample and immediate than his native country afforded.
In New York he found occupation with the financial firm of
Greenbaum Brothers & Co., and there remained for six years
with profit, gaining valuable practical experience as well as
pecuniary remuneration for his labors. Then he returned to
Europe for a year, in which time he was able to acquaint himself
with European conditions and methods in finance.

Mr. Thalmann finally returned to the United States, and,
naturally settling in the financial capital. New York, established
in 1876 the banking house of Limburger & Thalmann. Four
years later the firm was reorganized with the admission of Adolf

32G

ERNST THALMANN 327

Ladenburg to membership, and its name was changed to that of
Ladenbm-g, Thahnann & Co. This latter style has ever since
been retained, despite some further changes in the composition
of the fh-m. The general partners of the finn at the ]tresont
time are Ernst Thalmann, Richard Limburger, Walter T. Rosen,
and B. J. Guinness. The special partners are Hans von Bleich-
roder, Dr. Georg von Bleichroder, and Dr. Paul Schwalbadi.

The finn of Ladenburg, Thalmann & Co. transacts a general
banking and brokerage business of great extent and importjiiu'e,
its operations being not only national but international and
\vorld-^\^de. Its rating l)y Dun's Commercial Agency is the
liighest, " AA," and its reputation among its patrons and in the
financial world at large amply sustains that record. Its partners
are members of the New York Stock Exchange, and are thus
enabled personally to conduct any desu-ed operations upon the
floor of that great institution, but the bulk of their business is
banking rather than speculative l)rokerage. The offices of the
firm were formerly at No. 46 Wall Street, but are now in the
great Broad Exchange Building, where they occupy more than
half of the third floor and display a magnificence of equipment
and furnishing worthy of a great financial house.

The names of the special partners in this firm suggest an im-
portant European connection whicli it has long enjoyed. Since
1881 the firm of Ladenbm-g, Thalmann & Co. has been the
American agent for the great German banking house of Bleich-
roder & Co. of Berlin, a house that ranks with the Rothschilds
among the leaders and rulers of European finance, and tliat has
played a historic part in the monetary affairs of European
governments.

In addition to his partnership in his own banking house, Mr.
Thalmann is connected as a director or otherwise with numerous
f)ther enterprises of the best class in various parts of the world.
Among these may be named the following: director of the Bir-
mingham & Atlantic Railroad Company, the Colorado Fuel &
Iron Company, the De La Vergne Refi-igerating Machine Com-
pany, the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad Company, the
Frankfort-American Insurance Company, the Georgia & Ala-
bama RaHroad Company, the Gruson Iron Works, the Magde-
bm-g Fire Insurance Company of New York, the Omalia Water

328 EBNST THALMANN

Company, the Richmond Trust & Safe Deposit Company, and
the Thuringia- American Insurance Company ; trustee of the
Aachen & Munich Fire Insurance Company, the Bavarian
Mortgage & Exchange Bank of Munich, the Frankfort Marine
Accident & Plate Glass Insurance Company, the Frankfort
Transport, Glass & Accident Insurance Company, the Magde-
burg Fire Insurance Company of Magdeburg, the Munich Rein-
surance Company, the Thuringia Fire Insurance Company of
Erfurt, and director and vice-president of the Haiti Telegraph
& Cable Company.

Mr. Thalmann has sought and has held no political office.
He is a member of various social organizations, including the
Liederkranz, Lawyers', Midday, and Harmonic clubs of New
York. He was married at Cologne, Germany, in 1881, to Miss
Anna Michaelis, who has borne him two sons.

(^. TAa.^

JOHN HENRY THIRY

''j'^HE kingdom of Belgium was the native land of the subject
-1- of this sketch, although he was born there while Belgium
was still a part of the kingdom of the Netherlands. His ances-
tors were prosperous and prominent members of the community,
devoutly religious and fervently patriotic. His father, Joliii
Baptist Thiry, was by occupation a dyer, farmer, and general
merchant. His mother's maiden name was Anne Mario
Dussart.

John Henry Thiry was born at L'Eglise, Belgium, on Decem-
ber 30, 1822. He was educated in the public schools and the
Normal School, and in 1845 was gi-aduated with honor from
the latter institution. He then began work as a teacher.
Within two years, however, he relinquished that calling, to
accept a place in the office of the Minister of Public \Vorks.
He remained in' the employ of the government until 1859, and
then resigned his place to reahze a dream of his life in coming
to the New World.

Being a lover of books, and himself an aecomi)lished man of
letters, upon reaching New York he engaged in the l)ook l)usi-
ness, in a small store at the comer of Canal and Centre streets,
which he rented for six dollars a month. In a few years he had
one of the largest stores in the city, occupying the whole block
on Centre Street from Canal to Walker Street. After tliiriei-n
years he retired from the business and removed to Long Island
City, where he has since Uved. Beginning in 188+, he .seiTed
two teiTus as School Commissioner of Long Island City. In that
office he effected many improvements in th(^ school system and
was instnimental in having the schools of Long Island City
placed under the care of the regents of the State University.

329

330 JOHN HENRY THIEY

Mr. Thiry is entitled to grateful remembrance as the father and
founder of the School Savings Bank system in America. He in-
troduced it into the Long Island City schools in 1885. It has
now spread to five hundred and twenty- six schools in ninety-
seven cities, in fifteen States, and has resulted in the saving and
depositing of $1,286,288.58. This splendid work has greatly in-
culcated thrift and business methods among thousands of Ameri-
can children. At the request of the Hon. W. T. Harris, United
States Commissioner of Education, Mr. Thiry, in 1893, made an
exhibit of the work and merits of this system at the Chicago
World's Fair, and the Jury of Award granted him a medal and
diploma in recognition of his distinguished services.

Mr. Thiry is vice-president of the Universal Provident Insti-
tution, which meets in Paris every five years, and a member of
the American Social Science Association, the Council of Super-
intendents (of schools) of the State of New York, the National
Educational Association, the Jefferson Club, the National Chari-
ties Association, and the Knights of Columbus, and was in 1896
one of the twenty organizers of the New York State Association
of School Boards.

He was married in Belgium, on March 24, 1853, to Miss Ernes-
tine de Samolanc, who bore him two sons, Raphael and Joseph.
She died on June 16, 1896. On February 23, 1898, he married
again, his second wife being Miss Margaret O'Connor, who has
borne him a son, John H. Thiry, Jr., bom on March 17, 1899.

Mr. Thiry, though now well advanced in years, still retains
the vigor of youth in mind and body, and a keen interest in the
things that concern the welfare of his fellow-men. He actively
sympathizes with aU movements for the betterment of society,
especially those of an educational character, and those pertain-
ing to the cidtivation of habits of thrift. His fortmie, though
not large, is suificient to provide the comforts and intellectual
equipments of a most attractive home, and to enable him fre-
quently to exercise in a practical manner those humanitarian
principles which are at once the dehght and adornment of his life.

332 J. CAMPBELL THOMPSON

York city, and remained there more than six years. During the
last two years of that period he received an interest in the
patronage of the office.

Mr. Thompson began practice on his own account in 1896, as
senior member of the firm of Thompson & Maloney, in New
York city, and soon secured a profitable clientage. He had the
honor of fixing the responsibility of the city for the acts of the
Street Cleaning Department, in the case of Quill vs. the Mayor,
which was the only case ever decided by the Appellate Court in
this State on that subject. He has frequently acted as counsel
for the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, and tried negh-
gence suits in its behalf. He has also a large general practice in
almost all branches of law.

Mr. Thompson is fond of athletic sports, and is himself a
noted athlete, having rowed in his college boat crews, and taken
part in championship foot-ball and cricket games. He is an
expert cross-country rider, having formerly been a prominent
member of the Meath and Fermanagh hunt clubs. He now
has a stable of fine horses, and is accounted one of the best
four-in-hand drivers in New York.

In 1896 Mr. Thompson married Miss Dorothy Crimmins, the
youngest sister of the Hon. John D. Crimmins of New York.
She died, childless, about a year after the marriage, and Mr.
Thompson remains a widower.

He is a member of various social organizations, in the affairs
of which he is a potent force, and in the gatherings of which
he is a welcome participant. Among these may be mentioned
the Manhattan Club, the New York Athletic Club, the Suburban
Riding and Driving Club, and the British Universities Club. He
is a Democrat in politics, but has held no public office, and has
not busied himself in pohtics beyond exercising the duties of
a citizen.

ROBERT MEANS THOMPSON

rilllE subject of the present biography is of mingled Scotch
J- and Scotch-Irish origin. Among his ancestors in Scothmd
were some who bore the name of WaUace, and there is a tradi-
tion in the Tliompson family of descent from William Wallace,
the national hero of Scottish history. However that may be, it
is well established that the Wallaces from whom the Thompsons
are descended dwelt at Elderslie, the home of Wilham Wallace.

To come down to more recent times and to the authentic
record of the family, it is to be noted that in 1740 one John Mc-
Clure came from Scotland to America, and settled in North
Carolina. Thence he removed to Chester County, Pennsylvania,
and obtained there a grant of land, at Uwchland, from the heirs
of William Penn. Some of that land is still held by his descen-
dants, and it is an interesting circumstance that it is held under
the original charter from Penn, no deed of it ever ha%nng been
made, but all transfers having been effected by grant, will, or
inheritance. A gi-anddaughter of John McClure, named Maiy
McClure, married the Rev. William Kennedy, a Scotch-Irishman,
pastor of the church in the Scotch-Irish village of Corsica, in
Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, and to them a daughter was
born, to whom they gave the name of Agnes. She became the
wife of John J. Y. Thompson, who, as aforesaid, was a di'sccn-
dant of a branch of the Wallace family of Scotland, and who
was a grandson of the Rev. John Jamieson, a Scotch Presbyterian
minister, who had a useful and well-known career as a mission-
ary among the Indians in Pennsylvania, Vh-ginia, and North
Carolina. John J. Y. Thompson was for many years a lay .judge
of the County Court of Jefferson Counly, Pennsylvania.

To Judge John J. Y. and Agnes Kennedy Thompson was born,

333

334 EOBEKT MEANS THOMPSON

at Corsica, Jefferson Comity, Pennsylvauia, on March 2, 1849, a
sou, to whom was given the name of Robert Means Thompson.
He was educated in the local schools at his native place, and at
Elder's Ridge Academy, in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. Then,
in 1864, he received an appointment as midshipman, and was
ordered to the United States Naval Academy, at Annapolis, for
instruction, and studied in that institution for a term of four
years. He was an admirable student, and was graduated* with
distinction in 1868, standing tenth in a class of eighty. He was at
once detailed to duty in the navy, and saw his first service in West
Indian waters. In 1869 he was commissioned an ensign and in
1870 a master. In 1871 he served on the Wachusett in the
Mediten'anean, and then, in October of that year, resigned his
commission.

Retm-ning home, he decided to enter the legal profession, and,
after some study in a law office, was admitted to the Pennsyl-
vania bar in 1872. He had not, however, all the preparation he
wanted, so he went to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and entered
the Dane Law School of Harvard University. There he pursued
his studies to good effect, and was graduated, in 1874, with the
degi'ee of LL. B.

Mr. Thompson began legal work in Boston. For a time he
was assistant reporter of the Supreme Com't of Massachusetts,
and practised his profession at the same time. He became inter-
ested in politics, and in 1876, 1877, and 1878 was a member of
the Boston Common Council. Then he turned his attention to
other business enterprises, and presently devoted himself entirely
to them, and laid his law books aside. His most important
business work was done as the manager of the Orford Copper
Company. This is one of the largest concerns of the kind in the
world, and the chief producer of nickel in this country. As
president of the company, Mr. Thompson has not only succeeded
in effecting the economical smelting of copper ore in large quan-
tities, but has organized the nickel industry in this country on a
profitable basis, producing that metal in large quantities, of the
best quality, and at a low pi'ice. The importance of this enter-
prise to the nation is inestimable, nickel being so largely used by
the government for naval armor-plate and for other purposes.
Through his achievements in these lines Mr. Thompson has won

ROBERT MEANS THOMPSON 335

uudisputed rank among the foremost practical metallm-gists in
the United States, and indeed in the world.

Mr. Thompson is a member of tlie Metropolitan Club of
Washington, D. C, and of a number of the best New York clubs,
among them being the University, Players', Racquet, Eugineei-s',
New York, United Service, New York Athletic, Centiirj' Associa-
tion, Down-Town Association, and others. He has long made
his home in New York, on East Fifty-third Street, where he has
a handsome house. His summer home is iu the ancient, quaint,
but now eminently fashionable viDage of Southampton, Long
Island.

He was married, in 1873, to Miss Sarah Gibbs, a daughter of
William Channing Gribbs of Newport, Rhode Island, a former
Governor of that State. IVIrs. Thompson is a granddaughter of
Mary Channing, who was an aunt of the famous preacher, Wil-
liam Ellery Channing. She is also a great-granddaughter of
John Kane of Albany, New York, and in the seventh generation
of descent from the Rev. Jonathan Russell of South Hadley,
Massachusetts, who gave the regicides Goff and Whalley shel-
ter in his home for a number of years. Mr. and Mi's. Thompson
have one child, a daughter, who bears the name of Sarah Gibbs
Thompson.

Mr. Thompson was not the only member of his family iu the
present generation who entered the military service of the
nation. TJiree of his brothers, older than himself, were sol-
diers in the Federal Army in the Civil War. These were Jolm
Jamieson Thompson, Albert C Thompson, and Clarence Russell
Thompson. The last-named was killed in the great battle of
Malvern Hill. The second was womided in the second battle
of Bull Run. Since the war he has hved in Ohio, and was for
three terms a Representative in Congi'oss, and is now United
States district judge for the Southern District of Ohio.

MIRABEAU LAMAR TOWNS

FEW lawyers in the city or borough of Brooklyn have at-
tained greater popularity than the subject of this sketch,
who, as his second name indicates, is of Southern origin, and, as
his iu'st name does not indicate, was educated chiefly in Grer-
many. Mirabeau Lamar Towns was born in Russell County,
Alabama, in 1852, the scion of an old American family. His
father was a noted man in those parts, and liis mother was a
daughter of another noted man, David Rose. The boy received
his earliest instruction in Atlanta, Georgia, and then, at the age
of fourteen, was sent to Berlin, Grermany. There he entered the
Frederick William Gymnasium, one of the best schools in that
city, presided over by a brother of the famous historian Von
Ranke. Thence he passed on to Tiibingen University, where he
was graduated a Doctor of Laws. Finally he went for a couple
of years to Vevey, Switzerland, to study French and Italian.
By virtue of such training he became not only an able lawyer,
but a scholar of broad and cosmopolitan culture.

Mr. Towns had scarcely attained his majority when he came
home to Georgia and was admitted to the bar. He found little
encouragement in the practice of his profession in the South,
however. His hterary attainments and his proclivities toward
wit and poetry were all but wasted there. So he presently came
North, and settled in Brooklyn. At that time one of the suc-
cessful lawyers of that city was Ludwig Semler, a German by
birth and a Democrat in pohtics. Both these circumstances
commended hun to Mr. Towns and commended Mr. Towns to
him. They formed a partnership which lasted until Mr. Semler
was elected city controller. Since that time Mr. Towns has
been in practice alone. Mr. Semler's practice had largely been

:!3G

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^

MIRABEAT LAMAR TOWNS XM

in the police courts. Mr. Towns found tliat class of work ])rof-
itable, but be soon extended bis practice to the liigber walks of
tbe profession, until be bad an extensive practice in nearly all
departments of legal action.

In politics Mr. Towns is a Democrat, and be bas often been
conspicuous in tbe affairs of tbat party. He bas, bowever, lield
no office save tbat of delegate to tbe Constitutional Convention
of 1894, in wbicb body he made his mark as a fearless and earnest
debater. His lack of political preferment is possibly due to tbe
advanced character of many of bis opinions, wbieb are radical
almost to tbe extent of socialism. He is a believer in extending
tbe suffrage to women, and in the stricter regulation of tbe opera-
tions of combined capital.

'Mi\ Towns bas long been known as tbe " poet-lawj'er." This
appellation arose from his facility for rbj-ming, and fi*om his occa-
sionally illuminating the tedium of court proceedings by putting
an argument, a brief, or an appeal into verse. This bas in no-
wise impaired tbe solid merit of bis legal work. He bas estab-
hsbed a number of important legal precedents, such as tbat a
wife can sue another woman and collect damages for tbe ahena-
tion of her husband's affections. It has fallen to his lot to
conduct a number of divorce cases, in which be has been distin-
guished for tbe chivalry of his manner and the earnestness of his
vindication of domestic integi-ity.

Mr. Towns is a member of tbe Montauk Club, the Royal
Arcanum, and various other social organizations. He has a fine
home on Eighth Avenue, Brookljoi, near Prospect Park, and is
a familiar and welcome figm-e in tbe social life of tbat borough.

FERDINAND CHARLES TOWNSEND

THE name of Townsend, or Townsliend, as it was formerly
spelled, is a familiar one in English and Scotch history,
not a few of its bearers having risen to distinction in one capa-
city or another. It was transplanted to the North American
colonies at an early date, and thereafter figured conspicuously in
then* annals. The family settled at what is now known as
Oyster Bay, Long Island, about the year 1640, and quickly be-
came of more than local note, its members playing a creditable
part in many of the affairs of the country at large. In the last
generation Charles E. Townsend pm'sued with eminent success
for more than thirty-five years the business or profession of an
expert accountant in New York city. In that calling he was
intimately associated with many important investigations. He
married Miss Louise Massa, a descendant of the well-known
Italian family of that name. Miss Massa's father came to this
country in 1820, and spent much of his life here, but was a staff-
ofifi-cer of Garibaldi's in that illustrious liberator's campaigns for
the redemption of Italy from Bom-bon tyranny.

The son of Charles E. and Louisa M. Townsend, named
Ferdinand Charles Townsend, was born at the family's suburban
home, at Edgewater, Bergen County, New Jersey, on January
23, 1869. After receiving a good primary education he was sent
to the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, New York, where he
pursued a valuable course of study. At the age of eighteen
years, however, in the spring of 1887, he left school and applied
himself at once to a practical business career. His inclinations
and abilities tended strongly toward the profession in which his
father had achieved so gratifying a measure of success, and ac-
cordingly he went straight from the Polytechnic to his father's

338

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FERDINAND CHARLES TOWN. SEND 339

office, at No. 31 Nassau Street, New York. There he began as a
clerk, and filled that position for several years, and then rose to
be his father's assistant. Subsequently he became cashier and
aeeouutant in the law office of Messrs. Davies, Short tV: Tuwu-
send, afterward Davies, Stone & Auerbaeh, but finally retunied
to his father's office as his partner, remaining with him thus
until the latter's death, which occurred in April, 1894.

Since his father's death and up to date of July 1, lilOO, Mr.
Townsend condiicted alone his business as expert accountant, at
first in the old offices and then at No. 44 Pine Street, New York.
He has been eminently successful, and has been engaged in
many important examinations and accountings. Among these
may be mentioned the famous Broadway and Seventh Avenue
Railroad case, and the subsequent trial of the " Boodle Alder-
men"; the accounting of the estate of Edward Mott Robinson,
father of Hetty Green, which was in litigation for many years;
the Vermont Marble Company, of which the Hon. Redfield
Proctor was President; the reorganization of the Walter A.
Wood Mowing & Reaping Machine Company, of Hoosick Falls,
New York, and St. Paul, Minnesota ; the New York Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ; and many othei-s.

On July 1, 19U0, Mr. Townsend associated with himself Samuel
M. Dix, well known in business circles in New York and Chicago,
under the firm-name of Townsend & Dix, at the Pine Street
offices. The firm are auditors for many large corporations
throughout the United States, and have made a specialty of the
organization of accounts for the constituent companies of a large
number of manufacturing combinations.

Mr. Townsend is president of the Young Men's Christian
Association of the Borough of Richmond, of the Clifton Boat
Club and the Clifton Tennis Club of Staten Island ; trustee and
treasm-er of the S. R. Smith Infirmary of Staten I.slaud ; and a
member of the Staten Island Club and other organizations. In
1897 he received as an accountant a certificate of C. P. A. from
the State Board of Regents without examination.

H(> was married in 1893, in Brooklyn, to Miss Cam Lewis
Gates. They have two daughters, Ruth Maverick Townsend and
Marion Raj-nham Townsend. They reside at No. GO Towu.send
Avenue, Clifton, Staten Island.

ALFRED GWYNNE VANDERBILT

THE name of Vanderbilt has, in the United States, for four
generations been associated with ahnost boundless wealth
and business influence. It does not stand, however, for wealth
acquired by a mere lucky stroke of fortune, but rather for that
amassed by virtue of unflagging industry and judicious percep-
tion of the fitness of means to ends. The family has, in brief,
grown in wealth from generation to generation because of its
identification with the expanding industrial and commercial
interests of the city. State, and nation.

As the name indicates, the Vanderbilt family is of Dutch
origin. It was first planted in the United States early in the
eighteenth century, and for many years was settled on Staten
Island, where, indeed, some of its members are still to be found.
There the Vanderbilts pui'sued a hardy, laboi'ious, out-of-doors
life, chiefly as agriculturists or as seamen. They thus developed
characteristic traits of thrift and industry, and fitted themselves
for success in the struggles of life. Such traits were transmitted
from one generation to another, and remain strong and dominant
at the present time.

Three generations ago the name Vanderbilt became a con-
spicuous one in the business world. It was then borne by Cor-
nelius Vanderbilt, the eldest son of an eldest son. He was born
on Staten Island in 1794, the son of a farmer, who carried his
produce to the New York market in his own sail-boat. He grew
up in the same occupation, and excelled in all its labors. As a
lad he was athletic and daring, both as a horseman and as the
master of a boat. At eighteen years old he was well established
in business for himself, owning his own boat. A year later he
married his cousin, Sophia Johnson, and then began to turn his

340

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ALFRED QWYNNE VANDERBILT 341

attention more to conimeree than to ai^ricnltuiv. Ho became
captain of a steamboat plying between New York and New
Brunswick, New Jersey, and ultimately became the head of a
considerable coasting trade, with headquarters at New Bioins-
wiek. B.V removed to the latter place and there opened a hotel.
By the time he was a little past tifty years old he was a wealthy
steamship-owner, and in 1853 he went to Europe with his family
in the ship A^orth Star, which he had Iniilt for the purpose.
Next he built the tirst railroad on Staten Island, and began other
railroad enterprises. In 1860 he bought the stock of the New
York and Harlem Railroad at six or seven dollars a share, made
himself president of the road, greatly improved it, and by 18G4
had the stock worth two hundred and eighty-five dollars a share.
He was not a mere speculator, and was certainly the very oppo-
site of the " railroad wrecker " then as since too conspicuons in
the business world. He was a railroad builder, who took pos-
session of a weak, dilapidated concern, reorganized and rebuilt
it, infused new life into it, connected it with other roads so as
to form an important tri;nk line, and so made it incomparably
more profitable to its owners and more ser\H('eable to the public
than ever before. Such was the work which Commodore Van-
(lorbilt (lid on the New York and Harlem Railroad, making it
the prime link in the destined chain which now stretches across
the continent. The Harlem Railroad was thus the foundation
of the gi'eat Vanderbilt railroad system and its colossal for-
tvme. The New York Central and Hudson River roads were
soon consolidated, and the whole system passed into the con-
trol of Commodore Vanderbilt. During the Civil War he
rendei-ed great services, with steamships, etc., to the national
government. For many years he was one of the most con-
spicuous and forceful figures in the business and financial world,
exerting a dominant influence in Wall Street, and being a con-
testant in some of the most noteworthy financial battles evrr
waged in that famous scene of business strife. At the time
of his death, in 1877, he was one of the richest men in America.
His fortune was estimated at one hundred millions of dollars,
chiefly in railroad properties.

Cornelius Vanderbilt was succeeded as liead of the family
and of the great railroad interests by his son. William II. \'an-

342 ALFEED GWYNNE VANDEKBILT

derbilt. The latter was born in the New Brunsmck hotel, and
was educated in the Cohimbia Grammar School in New York.
He worked for a time in a ship-chandler's shop, and was also a
bank clerk at one hundred and fifty dollars a year. At twenty
years old he married Miss Kissam, and soon after settled on a
farm on Staten Island.. In that pursuit he prospered, and
eventually owned a farm of three hundred and fifty acres, which
yielded him an annual profit of twelve thousand dollars. After
the trip to Europe with his father on the ship North Star, he
became interested in his father's railroad ventures. In time he
became president of the Staten Island Raih'oad. Then, in 1865,
he was made vice-president of the Hudson River Railroad, and
later held the same place over the consolidated Hudson River and
New York Central roads. William H. Vanderbilt inherited the
bulk of his father's enormous fortune and his place at the
head of the great Vanderbilt railway system. From that time
forward his history was the history of American railroad enter-
prise. He gained possession of the Canada Southern Railroad
and various other lines, and greatly extended the system and, con-
sequently, his own fortune and infiuence. He was also con-
spicuous as a patron of art and architecture, and as a lover and
driver of fine horses, himself owning a number of the best har-
ness horses ever seen on the American continent. About 1881,
realizing the uncertainties of life, he began transferring the active
direction of his vast interests to his two sons, Cornelius and
William Kissam Vanderbilt. In May, 1883, he sun-endered the
presidencies of all the roads with which he had been identified,
and went to Europe for rest. He died in December, 1885.

The chief successor of William H. Vanderbilt in the direction
of the Vanderbilt railroad system was his eldest son, Cornelius,
though the second son, William Kissam Vanderbilt, was also
prominently associated with him. Cornelius Vanderbilt was
bom at New Dorp, Staten Island, on November 27, 1843, and at
an early age became a clerk in the Shoe and Leather Bank in
New York. Thence he went into the employ of the banking
house of Kissam Brothers of New York. Before quite attain-
ing his majority, however, he followed his father into the great
railroad business which his grandfather had founded, and most
fittingly began his railroad work on the very road in which his

I

ALFRED GWYNNE VANDERBILT 34!^

grandfather had first l)ocomo iiitorested, and wliicli was, as
ah-rady stated, tlie foundation of the Vanderbilt family fortune
and the Vanderbilt raih-oad system. He was first made assis-
tant treasurer of the New York and Harlem Railroad. Later
he became vice-president of that road and first vice-president
of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. As
above stated, he became in 1885 the head of the wliole
Vanderbilt system, although the nominal presidency was held
by another. Mr. Vanderbilt married Miss Alice Gwynne, the
daughter of one of the leading lawyers of Cincinnati, Ohio.
He was a notably munificent patron of art and letters, and of in-
nvimerable benevolent enterprises. His gifts to churches, col-
leges, hospitals, etc., aggi-egated millions of dollars. In New
York city and at Newport he possessed two of the finest man-
sions in the world. His death occuiTcd suddenly in Septem])er,
1899, and by his will his son, Alfred Gwj-nne Vanderbilt, became
the chief inheritor of his fortune.

Alfred GwjTine Vanderbilt was bom in New York on October
20, 1877, and received his early education in private schools and
from tutors. In 1895 he entered Yale University and pursued
the regular course there. He ranked as a good student, and his
affable manner and companionable ways made him one of the
most popular men in his class. He did not participate much in
athletics at college, but during vacations at his father's home at
Newport he became an expert boatman. In 1899 he was gradu-
ated at Yale with creditable standing in his class, and a few
weeks later set off upon a trip around the world. He selected a
congenial company of friends for his traveling companions, and
made a most auspicious start on his journey. On reaching
Japan, however, he received news of his father's sudden death,
and, in consequence, canceled for the time the remainder of his
traveling plans, and hurried home. On February 3, 1900, how-
ever, ho set out again on his travels, and cojiiplcted his tour
around the world as originally jdanned, his comi»anions having
waited for him at the other side of the world.

On his return from his travels, in 1900, Mr. Vanderbilt .settled
down to learn the business with which his family ha.l been so
long identified. Although possessing a fortune of many millions
of dollars, and thus able, had he so desired, to hidulge in a life of

344 ALFRED GWYNNE VANDERBILT

luxurious idleness, with freedom from all work and responsi-
bility, he entered upon the duties of a clerk in the treasurer's
office at the Grand Central Station in New York, and worked as
diligently as though he wei'e dependent upon his salary for a liv-
ing. " I do it," he has been quoted as saying, "because I like to.
My father and grandfather personally managed, as far as possi-
ble, the property which was left to them. It is my ambition to
do the same. I cannot begin at the top and really master a
business. That is why I begin at the bottom."

In the spring of 1900 it was announced that Mr. Vanderbilt
was engaged to marry Miss Elsie French, the second daughter
of the late Francis Ormond French of New York, the young
people having been close friends since their early childhood.
Miss French was descended from an old New England family,
which settled at Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1636, and which ^j
furnished more than one noble patriot in colonial and Revolu-
tionary times. Mr. Vanderbilt and Miss French were married
in the Zabriskie Memorial Church of St. John the EvangeUst, at
Newport, on January 14, 1901.

v>'y^/y^ yy ^^y^

c^^^J^^-^6/V^

HENRY SAYRE VAN Dl ZER

JUDGING from the name, which we shall find is no mis-
nomer, Henry Sayi'e Van Duzer should be an excellent
representative of New York State and city. The family name
savors unmistakably of that sturdy Holland Dutch stock which
first founded a colony here, as New Amsterdam and New Hol-
land, while the middle name is indicative of Enghsh origin.
These indications are correct. Mr. Van Duzer's paternal ances-
tors came to this country from Holland in the latter part of
the seventeenth century, and settled in New York State in the
lower part of the valley of the Hudson River. His great-great-
grandfather was Isaac Van Duzer, one of the earliest and most
energetic settlers of Orange Coimty. He was a stm-dy
Knickerbocker, with all the industry, thrift, and shrewdness of
his race, and he soon accumulated what was for those simple and
unpretentious days a considerable fortune. Isaac Van Duzer's
son, Christopher Van Duzer, lived and died on the old homestead
in Orange County. The next generation, however, consisting of
Christopher's children, removed to New York city. One of
Christopher Van Duzer's sons, Selah Van Duzer, became a lead-
ing banker in New York city, and gave the family name an
enviable reputation for integrity and ability in the liiglier walks
of business life. He was for some years president of the
National Exchange Bank of New York. His son, Sehxh Reeve
Van Duzer, the father of the subject of this sketch, pursued an
equally honorable and successful career in New York as a whole-
sale druggist.

Mr. Van Duzer's maternal ancestors, the Sayres, came from
England. The first of them on these shores was Job Sayre, wlio
came over in 1640 and settled at Lyim, Massachusetts. Later
he removed to Long Island. Members of a subsequent genera-

:m.3

346 HENRY SAYKE VAN DUZER

tion removed from Long Island to Orange Coimty, New York,
and there became associated with the Van Duzers, and also inter-
married with one of the pioneer famihes of Chemung County.
In the last generation Catherine Mathews Sayre became the wife
of Selah Reeve Van Duzer, and to them the subject of this
sketch was born, in New York city, on February 26, 1853.

Henry Sayre Van Duzer began his studies at a grammar
school in Thirteenth Street, New York. He spent three years,
from 1868 to 1871, at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts,
where he was prepared for college. He entered Harvard in 1871,
and was graduated in 1875 with the degree of A. B. He passed
directly to the Columbia College Law School, where he spent
two years and received his LL. B. His school and college record
throughout is one of which he may justly be proud. Not a day
of his ten years' course was wasted, and the rapidity with which
he advanced is abundant evidence of a well-balanced, well-con-
trolled mind, and an intellect above the average in strength and
development.

Mr. Van Duzer was admitted to the bar of the State of New
York at Poughkeepsie, in May, 1877. He began the practice of
his profession as a clerk in the office of Prichard, Choate &
Smith. He remained with them until 1879, when he opened an
office of his own at No. 120 Broadway. Three years later he
formed a partnership with Thomas Fenton Taylor, under the
firm-name of Van Duzer and Taylor. An extensive real-estate
and corporation practice has been built up, and much important
Htigation has passed through their hands.

Mr. Van Duzer has always been a stanch Republican, but has
not been ambitious of political honors. He is a constant student
and a devotee of his profession, and gives his best energies to it.

He takes great interest in Harvard College affairs, esj)ecially
in the direction of athletics. Amateur sports of all kinds find in
him an ardent sympathizer and patron. He is a member of the
Union, tile Metropolitan, the Harvard, and the University Athletic
clubs, the Holland Society, the St. Nicholas Society, and the New
York State Bar Association. From October, 1889, to Januaiy,
1898, he was judge-advocate of the First Brigade of the National
Guard of New York, on the staff of General Louis Fitzgerald.

Mr. Van Duzer is unmarried.

li

^^^ #^^7^

SALEM HOWE WALES

SALEM HOWE WALES is a son of OUver Wales, a woolen
manufacturer of Massachusetts, and a descendant of Na-
thaniel Wales, who came over with Richard Mather in 1635.
He was born at Wales, Massachusetts, on October 4, 1825, and
attended the schools of that place. Thence he went to Attica,
New York, and pursued a course in the academy there. He
came to New York city in 1846, and found employment for two
years in a mercantile house. Then he became associated with
Orson D. Munn and Alfred E. Beach, publishers of the " Scien-
tific American," and for nearly twenty-foiu- years was managing
editor of that periodical. While he was thus engaged ho was,
in 1855, appointed by Governor Seymour a commissioner from
New York to the Paris Universal Exposition. He spent several
months in Paris, and contributed a series of letters on the f]xpo-
sition to the " Scientific American." Again, in 1867, he went
abroad for more than a year, and wrote many letters.

Mr, Wales early identified himself \vith the Republican party.
During the Civil War he was a conspii'uous su}ipovtcr of the
Federal Goveiiiment, and was a member of the Executive Com-
mittee of the United States Christian Commission. He was a
delegate to the National Republican conventions of 1S712 and
1876, and was a Presidential elector in 1872. Mayor Havemeyi-r
appointed him a member of the Board of Park Commissioners
of New York city in 1873, and lie became president of the
board. The next year he was the Republican candidate for the
Mayoralty of New York, but was unsuccessful, the city going
strongly Democratic. Later, in 1874, acting Mayor Vance ap-
pointed him to fill the vacancy as Connnissioucr of Decks, and
he was chosen president of that board and served for two years.

347

348 SALEM HOWE WALES

Again, from 1880 to 1885, he was a Park Commissiouer, and for
a part of the time was president of the board. Governor Dix
appointed him a trustee of the State Insane Asylum at Middle-
town, New York. The Supreme Court made him a commis-
sioner to determine the amount of damage done to abutting
property by the elevated railroads in New York city, and in
1895 Mayor Strong appointed him a commissioner to supervise
the construction of the new East River Bridge, of which latter
board he was chosen vice-president. He was one of the founders
of the Hahnemann Hospital and of the Homeopathic Medical
College, and has been president of the boards of both. He is a
director of the National Bank of North America and of the Han-
over Insurance Company, and is connected with various other
companies.

Mr. Wales was one of the early members of the Union League
Club of New York. For several years he was its vice-president,
and for many years he was chairman of its executive and finance
committees. He had principal charge of the construction of the
present club-house. He was one of the founders of the Metro-
pohtan Museum of Art, and is now a trustee of it and member
of the executive committee. He is a member of the American
Museum of Natm-al History, of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, of the New York Botanical Society,
of the National Academy of Design, of the Society for the Pres-
ervation of Historic Places and Objects, of the Charity Organi-
zation Society, and of the Century Association of New York.
At Southampton, Long Island, where he makes his summer
home, he is a director of the Southampton Bank and of the
Southampton Water Works, a trustee of St. Andrew's Dune
Church and of the Rogers Memorial Library, and a member of
the Meadow and Shinnecock Hills Golf clubs.

He was married in 1851 to Miss Frances E. Johnson of Bridge-
port, Connecticut, and they have two children: Clara, wife of
the Hon. Elihu Root, and Edward Howe Wales, a former mem-
ber of the New York Stock Exchange.

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<^C^.\J

IRA T)E FOREST WAHllEN

IRA DE FOREST WARREN, who for uearly half a century
has been an active and prominent legal practitioner in tlie
city of New York, conies of New England ancestry, his paternal
forefathers having been settled at Roxbury, Massachusetts, in
the early part of the eighteenth eentuiy. His father, the Rev.
Ira De Forest Warren, was a clergyman of the Methodist Epis-
copal Chm-ch, and as such was well known throughout New
York State, where most of his life was spent. The Rev. Mr.
Warren married ISIiss Eliza Caldwell, and to them the subject
of this sketch was born at Albany, New York, on December 31,
1831.

In his boyhood Mr. WaiTen attended the public schools of
Albany, and thence proceeded to the weU-known seminary at
Cazenovia, New York, where he pursued a high and thorough
academic course of study. Between the ages of seventeen and
twenty he was both student and teacher. He was the teacher
of a public school, and at the same time devoted a portion of his
time to the study of law. His legal studies were completed
under the able direction of the Hon. Horatio Bullard A. Cort-
land of Cortland County, New York, and in September, 1852, he
was admitted to practice at the bar.

Mr. Warren at once made his way to New York city, and
there entered upon the practice of his profession in the fallc)f
1853, being at the time scarcely twenty-one years of age For
two years he was associated in practice with Edward Sandford;
hut Mr. Sandford died in 1854, and thereafter he remained alone
in his practice for seven years, in which time he built up a hirge
and profitable patronage. In 1861 he formed a professional
partnership with Wilham Z. Earned, under the style of Earned

349

350 • IKA DE FOBEST WARBEN

& Warren, whicli continued for more than a qiiarter of a cen-
tury. In 1897 he organized the fii'm of Wan-en, Boothby &
Warren, of wliich he is the senior partner. The other members
are his brother, Lyman E. Warren, and John W. Boothby.

During the course of his professional career of nearly half a
century Mr. Warren has been engaged in a great variety of
cases, and has enjoyed an enviable rank as a general practitioner.
He has paid some special attention to real-estate litigation and
procedure, and has become interested in real-estate affairs gen-
erally, and for the past twenty years largely a corporation practi-
tioner. For many years he was a director of the Real Estate
Exchange of New York. He is, of course, well known among
business men of various callings, and to the citizens of New York
at large. His character and pleasing disposition have mad'e him
much esteemed by all his friends and acquaintances, both in and
out of his profession. Advancing years have not diminished his
sympathy with youth, and he has in many instances taken an
earnest and beneficent interest in the welfare of young lawyers.

Mr. Warren is a member of various organizations, prominent
among which are the Manhattan and Lawyers' clubs. He has
always taken a citizen's due interest in the affairs of city, State,
and nation, but has neither held nor sought public office.
While nearing the age of threescore years and ten, he wears his
age and its honorable achievements lightly, and seems to be just
in the prime of his physical and intellectual activities.

iS'^ . Ly , ^ ^^^^-^x.'^^.,_.o^J

LYMAN EDDY WARREN

THE business and professional metropolis of the State and
nation gathers to itself fi'om all parts of the laud, as well as
I it sends men out to all parts. The ranks of its anuy of men of
' affau-s are thronged with those who were honi and wlio spent
: the early years of their lives in the country or in other cities,
and who in time found that " all roads lead to Rome," or at
I least that the most promising paths to success lead often to the
chief city of the Western world.

Lyman Eddy Warren, one of the most successful lawyers of
New York city, is one of these, being a native of the central
part of New York State. His father, the Rev. Ira D. Wan-en,
was of Puritan ancestry, his ancestors ha\'ing been settled at
Roxbury, Massachusetts, before 1740. The Re\'. Mr. Wan-en
was a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and as
such was well known throughout New York State, and he mar-
ried Miss EUza Caldwell, a member of a New York State family.
Their son was born in Cortland County, New York, on Septem-
ber 4, 1847. He attended the public schools and acadt-mies at
Cortland, New York, and Montrose, Pennsylvania, and thus
received a good academic education.

On approaching years of manhood i\Ir. WaiTon entered upon
the study of law in the office of the Hon. lluratio Ballard, for-
merly Secretai-y of State of New York State. He made rapid
and substantial progress, and in 1866 was admitted to jH-actice
at the bar.

Mr. Warren began his legal practice in conjunction with liis
brother William H. Warren at Cortland, New York, and from
the fii-st enjoyed a gratifj-ing degree of success. Later he es-
tabhshed himself in practice at Ithaca, New York, and thence

351

352 LYMAN EDDY WAKKEN ,

removed to Auburn, where be bad a lucrative practice, in part-
nership with the Hon. WilHam B. Woodin, ex-State Senator.

Twenty years of legal work in these cities ripened Mr. Warren's i
powers and estal^lisbed his rank in the profession. Then, in
1888, he removed to New York city, where he has since pros-
pered highly as a member of the firm of Warren, Boothby &
Warren, of which the senior member is his elder brother, Ira
De Forest Warren.

It has fallen to Mr. Warren's lot to serve as counsel in a
number of particularly important cases. Thus he was counsel
for the estate of Ezra Cornell, the pioneer of telegraph-building
and founder of Cornell University at Ithaca, New York. He
has also had as his cHent the Lee Arms Company, and in
defense of its patent rights has visited all the important coun-
tries of Europe and engaged in litigation or negotiations there.
He has been special counsel for and a director of the Fisheries
Company ; of the W. W. Brauer Company in the cattle export
trade; of the Brauer Steamship Company; of the British and
Foreign Lee Arms Company ; of the British Magazine Rifle
Company ; of the Hanover Steamship Company of London ;
of the Henrico Steamship Company of London, and various
other corporations.

\

NELSON J. WATERBURY

THE eminent son of an eminent father is the subject of this
sketch. The name of Nelson J. Waterbmy has for more
than a half-century been an honored one in the legal profession
of the city and State of New York. It was borne in the last
generation by Judge Nelson J. Waterbury, son of Colonel Jona-
than Waterbury, a prominent citizen of New York, and Eliza-
beth Jarvis Waterbury, the latter a daughter of Elijah Jarvis (a
nephew of Bishop Jar\is) and Betsey Chapman Jarvis, a daugh-
ter of Dr. Chajjman, a leading physician and citizen of Norwalk,
Connecticut. Judge Waterbury had the unique experience of
being appointed to the judicial bench only a few days after his
admission to the bar. He made, despite his youth, an admi-
rable judge, and afterward had a long and brilliant career as
Assistant Postmaster of New York, as District Attorney of New
York, as a member of the Board of Education, as Judge- Ad vo-
cate-Greneral of the National Guard of New York, as a legal
practitioner, and as a political leader. He died hi 1894. His
wife was formerly a Miss Gribson of Boston, whose mother was
of the CooUdge family. Of their four children the yoimgest,
and the only son, is Nelson J. Waterbury, the second of the name.
He was bom in New York city on Januai-y 11, 1859, and was
carefully educated with a view to his entering the profession
which his father so much adorned. He attended the then w(>ll-
known Charher Institute and the Anthony Grammar School,
at which latter he was prepared to enter college. He was
matriculated at Columbia College in 1876, ])ursued the regular
academic course, and was graduated with the dugn^e of A. B. in
1880. Thereupon he was enrolled in the Law Department of
Columbia, and was graduated therefrom in 1882.

333

354 NELSON J. WATEKBUKY

Mr. Waterbury was admitted to practice at the bar of New
York in the year of his graduation from the law school, and
shortly afterward became associated with his father in profes-
sional work, under the firm-name of N. J. & N. J. Waterbury,
Jr. This connection was maintained until the death of the
elder Waterbury, in 1894. Since that time Mr. Waterbury has
pursued his practice alone, with gi'atifying success.

His practice is a general one in matters relating to municipal
administration, with especial attention to public condemnation
proceedings. In the latter department of practice he conducted
proceedings, on behalf of the city of New York, to condemn the
right of way for the new Croton Aqueduct from Yonkers to the
terminus in New York. Claims against the city aggregating
more than two milhon dollars were filed and contested, but he
successfully defended the city against them all. He was also
the city's legal representative in its Htigation to acquire water
rights in the Bronx River. His municipal practice has not
always, however, been in behalf of the city. On the contrary,
he has had wide experience and marked success in prosecuting
claims on behalf of property-owners against the city.

Years ago Mr. Waterbury was quick to appreciate the grow-
ing importance of business and industrial corporations, and the
increasing extent of their legal interests. Accordingly he began
to pay especial attention to that branch of practice, and has thus
for some years been prominently concerned with the affairs
of various large industrial coi-porations and consolidations.

Following in the footsteps of his father, Mr. Waterbmy is a
Democrat in politics, but has held no public office.

He was married, in 1896, to Miss May Louise Haydon of
Philadelphia, with whom he makes his home in the city of
New York. He is a member of the Manhattan Club and other
social organizations.

<s>^

^?tt££:^^G^ .^?tiS^

^^p^.^'^'^:

WILLIAM RAYMOND WEEKS

THE family of Wrey de la Wyke, Wykes, Weekes, or Weeks,
has held an honored place in English historj^ since the days
of the Normon Conquest. Its original coat of arms was a shield
ermine, displaying three battle-axes sable ; and the crest was an
arm in armor, embowed, holding a battle-ax gules. The first
member in this coimtry was George Weekes, who caiiic from
De\"onshire, England, to Dorchester, Massachusetts, in lii'M.
His wife was Jane Clap, a descendant of Osgod Klapa, a Danish
nobleman. George Weekes was a surveyor, and was one of the
seven selectmen of Dorchester in 1645, 1647, and 1648. The
direct line of descent from him was as follows : Ammiel Weekes,
also a sm'veyor ; Joseph Weeks, the present .spelling of the name
being adopted by him; Ebenezer Weeks; Ebenezer Weeks II,
who was one of the minute-men at Lexington and served in the
patriot army in the Revolution; William Rannond Weeks, a
printer, teacher, author, chaplain in the War of 18112, one of the
foremost clergyman of his time, and one of the earliest anti-
slavery agitators, his church, the Fourth Presbyterian of New-
ark, New Jersey, being mobbed, in 1834, because it was nunon'd
that he was going to preach a sermon against slavery; and John
Randel Weeks, a printer and lawyer, County C'lerk of Essex
County, New Jersey, a member and secretary of the Newark
(New Jersey) School Committee, and for some years a member of
the Newark Board of Education. He was a du-e.-tor and real-
estate coimsel of the Mutual Benellt Life Insurance Company.
Although a successful lawyer, he had an antipathy to litigation,
and often declared that three quarters of the cases could be set-
tled out of court, and nine tenths of them ought to be. He was
drowned accidentally in New York Bay, in 1879, having fallen

35:)

356 WILLIAM RAYMOND WEEKS

from a ferry-boat, and in consequence of that tragedy all boats
were thereafter fitted with safety gates. He was married to
Mary Frances Adriance, and was the father of the subject of
this sketch.

On the maternal side, Mr. Weeks's genealogy may be traced from
Joris Janse Rapalje, a French Huguenot of Rochelle, who came
hither from Holland in the ship Unity, in 1623, and Catalina Trico,
a Huguenot from Paris. These two were married at Albany,
New York, and in 1625 their first child was born, Sarah Jorise
Rapalje, the first white child born in the New Netherlands, now
New York. The next year they removed to New Amsterdam,
now New York city, and then to Wallabout, Brooklyn. Another
daughter of theirs, Jannetje, married Rem Janse van der Beeck,
ancestor of the Remsen family, who had come from Westphaha.
Sarah Jorise Rapalje married Timis Grysbertse Bogaert, a Hollan-
der. Their daughter Annetje married Joris Abramse Brincker-
hoff. Then* daughter Sarah married Rem Adrianse, son of Elbert
Adriaense and Catahna van der Beeck, daughter of Rem Janse van
der Beeck and Jannetje Jorise Rapalje. Elbert Adriaense was a
son of Adriaen Reyerse, a son of Reyer Elbertse of Utrecht,
Holland. Adriaen Reyei'se emigrated to America in 1616. Isaac
AcMance, son of Rem Adrianse, married Letitia van Wyck.
Their son Theodoras, an ofl8.cer of New York troops in the Revo-
lutionary War, married Killetie Swartwout. Their son, Charles
Piatt Adriance, purchased the fine property at Poughkeepsie,
New York, now know as College Hill. He married Sarah Camp,
daughter of Aaron Camp of Newark, New Jersey, and descendant
of William Camp, one of the first settlers of that city. Aaron
Camp was a son of that Nathaniel Camp who was an officer
in the Revolutionary War and a friend of Washington, to whom
Washington presented a cannon, called " Old Nat," long in pos-
session of the family, and now at Washington's headqiiarters,
Morristown, New Jersey. A daughter of Charles Piatt Adriance
and Sarah Camp, named Mary Frances Adriance, married, as be-
fore stated, John Randel Weeks, and thus became the mother of
the subject of this sketch. Other families from which Mr.
Weeks is descended on the paternal side are those of Randel,
Crriswold, Hyde, Wolcott, Aspinwall, Sumner, Holland, Lee,
Fairchild, Harrison, Pierson, and Dodd. On the maternal side

WILLIAM RAYMOND WEEKS il")?

may be mentioned the families of Creed, Sela-uck, Reyei-se,
Strycker, Polhemus, and Van Werven.

Of such ancestry, Wilham Raymond Weeks was b(ji-ii in
Newark, New Jersey, on August 4, 1848. He was .'ducati-d in
the pubHc schools of that city, and finally iu the well-known
Newark Academy, of which institution he is now a trustee. At
the time of the Civil War he became a member uf the New
Jersey militia, and also of the Union League. He studied law
in his father's office, and in 1870 was admitted to the practice of
it in New Jersey, as an attorney. Six years later he was admit-
ted to the practice of a counselor in that State. In 1895 he was
admitted to practice at the bar of the State of New York, and
also at the bar of the federal courts, and in 1897 in West Vir-
ginia. Mr. Weeks has in his practice covered almost the eutii*e
range of litigation, both civil and criminal. He has served as
counsel in some of the most notable criminal cases of the age.
But his attention has chiefly been paid to civil law, and most
particularly to corporation, real-estate, mining, and ])r()bate law.
He maintains an office in New York, and another in Newark.
In addition to his legal practice, Mr. Weeks has written a num-
ber of historical and other works, among which may be men-
tioned a " History of the First Endowment of the College of
New Jersey," a " Bibliography of New Jersey," a monograph on
" The Jerseys in America before 1700," and a paper on " The
Manhattans," controverting the theory that the island on which
New York city was founded was the original and only Man-
hattan.

Mr. Weeks is a member of the American Bar Association, the
Association of the Bar of the City of New York, the Lawyers'
Club, the Twilight Club, the Dunlap Society, the Society of
American Authors, the American Numismatic and Arelueologi-
cal Society, of which he was historiogi-apher for som.' years,
the American Histoncal Association, the New Jersey Historical
Society, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Order of the
Founders and Patiiots of America, of which he is attorney-
general, the Society of the War of 1812, and the Revolutionary
Memorial Society of New Jersey. He is also historian of the
Alumni of Newark Academy.

In 1883 he organized a volunteer fire department at Bloom-

358 WILLIAM RAYMOND WEEKS

field, New Jersey, where he then hved, served the following year
as a member of the legislative committee of the New Jersey State
Firemen's Association, became its first State counsel in 1884,
and held the office four years, drafting and remodehng the State
fire laws. He compiled and published a compendium of these
laws, with a series of forms. He was one of the founders and
is a trustee of the Bank of Cuba, and has organized numerous
other financial, mining, and manufacturing corporations. He
was appointed by the late Edwin Lister, president of Lister's
Agricultural Chemical Works of Newark, the sole executor of his
will and life trustee of his controlling interest in the company,
of which he was recently elected as president.

Mr. Weeks was married, on August 4, 1869, to Miss Irene Le
Massena, a great-granddaughter of Bonaparte's greatest marshal,
Andre Massena, Prince of Essling, by whom he has two daugh-
ters, Nina Margaret and Renee Hutchinson.

4

L^U/',

1

J

'I ^.)

■^v

JOHN W HALEN

OF the various elements that have in the last two centimes
contributed to the populating of the United States and to
the upbuilding of its institutions, the Irish race is one of the most
numerous and most conspicuous. Especially is such the ease in
the city of New York, which has long been noted as " the largest
Ii-ish city in the world," having a larger Irish population than
any in the Emerald Isle itself. Naturally enough, members of
this active, aggressive, ambitious race have attained prominent

' places in business, professional, and political life. Many of these
were themselves immigi-ants. Others are the American-born
sons of immigi-ants, or the more remote descendants of those

I who came hither generations ago. But one and all retain a
keener interest in their " old country" than any other element of
the population, and perhaps more than any other retain the
sahent characteristics of their race.

John Whalen, as his patronymic suggests, is of Irish ancestry.
His father and mother came to New York half a century ago.
His father died when John was an infant, and the boy's bringing
up is to be credited to the mother.

He was bom in New York on July 4, 1854, and is intellectually
a product of the public schools of this city. After leaWng school
he decided to become a lawyer, and entered uj)on tlir study of
that profession in the office of the Hon. Charles O'Conor, wlu-re
he served first as errand-boy, and then as law clerk. He also
became a student in the Law School of New York University,
and was duly graduated from that institution with the degree of
LL. B. At a later date he received the degi-ee of LL. D. frtun
Manliattan College.
Mr. Whalen was admitted to the bar of the State of New York

359

360 JOHN WHALEN

at the October term of the Supreme Court in 1877, and immedi-
ately began the practice of his profession. His attention was
early turned to corporation and real-estate cases, and his iutegiity,
close application, and unflagging energy soon won him an ample
measure of success.

For nearly fifteen years Mr. "Whalen was chairman of the
Board of School Trustees of the TweKth Ward, which embraced
about half of the school population of the city. He was ap-
pointed Tax Commissioner in May, 1893, and during his term the
tax rate was only $1.72, the lowest in twenty-eight years.

In the beginning of 1898 he was appointed by Mayor Van
Wyck to be corporation counsel of the consolidated city of New
York, which office he still holds.

Mr. Whalen is a member of the Democratic party organization,
and of the Democratic, Cathohc, New York Athletic, and various
other prominent social clubs in this -city, and also of the Bar
Association and State Bar Association. In addition to his law
library he has a fine general collection of books, among which he
finds time to indulge his literary tastes.

Not the least interesting incident of Mr. Whalen's career
occm-red on May 14, 1900, when it fell to his lot to wield a pick-
ax in breaking the fii'st gTound for the actual beginning of the
construction of the great rapid transit tunnel in New York city.
This interesting ceremony occurred on the day named, in presence
of a vast and applauding multitude, at the junction of One Hun-
dred and Fifty-sixth Street and Broadway, near Mr. Whalen's
home, in the fine part of the city commonly known as Washing-
ton Heights.

RUSSELL wmrcoMB

THE name of Whitcomb in New England dates back to the days
of the Pilgrim fathers. It was home by one of their num-
ber who made his home at Cohasset, Massachusetts. In the last
generation it was and still is home by Wilham Wirt Whitcomb
of Boston, who married IVIiss Mary A. Lawrence, a daughter of
the Rev. Robert Lawrence, a minister of the Congi-egational
Chm'ch, and the bearer of a family name weU known in American
history,

Russell Whitcomb, son of the above-named couple, was born
at Maiden, Massachusetts, on May 6, 1865. In his early child-
hood he was taken by his parents to Boston, and lived in that
city until 1897, when he removed to New York, his present
home. His parents intended him for a professional career, and
began his education with that end in view. He was sent to the
well-known Chaimcy Hall School in Boston, and later continued
his education under private tutors, and postponed goin- 1" col-
lege because of iU health. He studied law in the olliic ol his
uncle, the Hon. LesUe W. Russell of New York, intending to
make that his profession. That, however, was not to be. Close
apphcation to his books began to tell injm-iously upon his eye-
sight, and he was compelled to abandon his legal studies and
betake himself to some other calling. He then entered the real-
estate business, in the office of Edward F. Thayer of Boston,
and upon the death of Mr. Thayer he succeeded to the business,
and formed the firm of ^Vhitcomb & Bowker, which aftenvard
became Whitcomb, Wead & Co. He retired from business for a
time to go abroad to complete his education at Oxfoi-d Univer-
sity, England, and while there began a careful study of social
problems, Hving and working among tlic i>o(ir in England, and

361

362 BUSSELL WHITCOMB

also in this country. Then he returned to Boston and connected
himself with the firm of Bingham, Whitcomb & Whiting. In
1897 he came to New York to estabhsh a branch of that house,
conducting this business for a year, when this firm was dis-
solved, Bingham & Whiting succeeding to the Boston business,
and Mr. Whitcomb continuing the New York business as an
investment broker.

In January, 1900, he was elected president of the Mexico
Commercial Company, a corporation composed of prominent
financiers and business men of New York and other Eastern
cities. He has always enjoyed the confidence of those famihar
with his business methods, and is an able organizer, possessed
of much executive ability.

While in Boston Mr. Whitcomb was a trustee of various estates
and a director of the Mystic Wharf & Storage Company, which
offices he resigned on coming to New York.

Mr. Whitcomb has held no pubhc office. He is a member of
the Manhattan and other clubs, and is unmarried.

'I

^&^

ARCTIIBALD SYLVESTER WHITE

ARCHIBALD SYLVESTER WHITE is but thirty-three
J\. years of age, yet we find him at the head of one of the
greatest industries of modem times, an example of the fact that
youthful energy, tact, and abihty have forced themselves into
the guidance of so many of our successful enterprises of magni-
tude. He seems to be illustrating in his remarkable career the
truth of the words of Buxton, who says : " The longer I Hve
the more I am certain that the great difference between men,
between the feeble and the powerful, the great and the insignifi-
cant, is energy — invincible determination — a purpose once
fixed, and then death or victory. That quality will do anything
that can be done in this world ; and no talents, no circumstances,
no opportunities, will make a two-legged creature a man without
it." This has been the key-note of the successful prosecution of
his ambition.

Mr. White was bom at Newark, Ohio, on March 25, 1867.
His parents also were bom in Ohio, but it is interesting to note
that they were children of pioneers from the New England
States, direct descendants from members of the historic May-
flower company. His mother's maiden name was Ella Haning-
ton. His father, Erasmus P. Wliite, was a contractor.

Mr. White's education was begun in the public schools of
Newark. In 1883, when sixteen years of age, he came to New
York city, and entered business as a clerk, thus beginning life
at the bottom of the ladder. At the same time lie pui-sued his
studies further in the night schools of the (\iopcr Institute.
In this way he acquired an excellent general education of a
practical character, such as was well adapted to the require-
ments of a successfiil business career.

363

364 ARCHIBALD SYLVESTER WHITE

He became identified with the salt industry in 1885. In 1891
he engaged in the manufactui-e of salt at Ludlowville, New York,
a town near the head of Cayuga Lake, and lying within the
great salt field of New York State, of which Onondaga County
is perhaps the best-known part. To this business he devoted
himself with singleness of purpose and with an energy and dis-
cretion that rapidly won him more than passing success. Six
years later his rank in the business was so commanding that he
was able to consoHdate under a single head all the salt-manufac-
turing interests of New York State. Two years later, in 1899,
he organized the National Salt Company, which comprised aU
the salt-making plants in the United States east of the Rocky
Mountains. The magnitude of this corporation and.its business
may be estimated when we consider what a necessity of life salt
is, and how widely it is used in various great industries as well
as in domestic economies. The total salt product of the United
States is now somewhat more than twelve million barrels a year,
of which, of coiirse, the greater part is manufactured by Mr.
White's company.

In addition to the National Salt Company, Mr. "White is actively
interested in various other business enterprises. Among the
corporations with which he is connected may be mentioned the
Standard Chain Company, the New Jersey and Hudson River
Railway and Ferry. Company, the Metropolitan Safe Deposit
Company of New York, the Monmouth Trust and Safe Deposit
Company, and the Bank of Jamaica.

Mr. White has neither held nor sought any pubhc office, but
contents himself with the duties of private citizenship. He is a
member of a number of clubs and social organizations, among
which are the Lawyers' Club and the Ohio Society of New York,
the Crescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn, the Union Club of Cleve-
land, Ohio, and the Detroit Club of Detroit, Michigan.

He was married in Brooklyn, New York, on June 28, 1893, to
Kathleen Gertrude Rigney, a young woman whose charming
manner and mental accomplishments made her a favorite with
all who knew her. They have one child, Helene Marie White?
a precocious and exceedingly interesting Httle one, who, at the
early age of five, is already making her presence felt in the world
of small people.

s^5' i't^CPims,^

IdyftA^^uZ^

0"W

WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY

WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY, eminent as a lawyer,
political leader, statesman, financier, social leader, and
patron of art and of the turf, comes of fine old New England stock.
His earliest American ancestors, John and Elinor Whitney, and
their son Richard, came over from England with 8ir Rieliard
Saltonstall in 1635, and settled in Massachusetts. To Richard
Whitney was bom a son, also named Richard, to whom was
born a son who became known in history as General Josiah
Whitney of Revolutionary times. To General Whitney and his
^vife Sarah Farr was born a son, Josiah Whitney, who married
Anna Scollay. A son of the latter couple, Stephen Whitney,
was eminent in Massachusetts politics, and had a son, General
James Scollay "VYliitney, who was also eminent in both the
military and ci\dl services

The subject of the present sketch is a son of General James
Scollay Whitney. He was bom at Conway, Massachusetts, in
1839, and was carefnlly educated at Williston Academy, East-
hampton, Massachusetts, and at Yale CoUege. He was graduated
at Yale in the class of 1863. One of his classmates was William
G. Stunner, the well-known wi-iter and political economist, with
whom Mr. Whitney divided the first prize for English essays.
From Y^ale he went to Harvard, (mtered the Law School there,
and was graduated in 1865. From Hansard he came to New York,
pursued a course of study in the ofiSce of Abraham R. Lawrence,
afterward a justice of the Supreme Court of New York, and was
soon admitted to practice at the bar.

Mr. I^awrence was at that time concerned chiefly with cor-
poration law, and Mr. Whitney was naturally drawn toward that
important and profitable department of professional work.

365

366 WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY

Therein he soon built np a large practice. He was for several
years counsel for and a director of the Continental Life Insur-
ance Company. He was also counsel for the New Jersey
Mutual Life Insurance Company, which became bankrupt.
Mr. Whitney was counsel for the Metropohtan Steamship
Company, the Tredegar Company of Richmond, Virginia, and
other coi-porations. For more than two years he was trustee
under the mortgage of the Dayton & Union Railroad of
Ohio, and had the sole management of the road. He was
counsel for the principal holders of the receiver's certificates
issued by the receiver of the New York & Oswego Midland
Railroad, and was also for several years counsel for the stock-
holders of the St. Louis, Alton & Ten-e Haute Railroad. One
of the best-known cases in which he has been concerned was the
famous libel suit of Charles Reade, the EngHsh novelist, against
the proprietors of the "Round Table" of this city for a severe
criticism of " Griffith Gaunt." Mr. Whitney was counsel for the
defense, and, after a week's trial, won his case.

Mr. Whitney made his entrance into political life with Abra-
ham R. Lawrence during the campaign against the Tweed Ring
in 1870 and 1871. In the latter year he was associated with
Governor Tilden, Mayor Wickham, and others in the campaign
when the ApoUo Hall organization, of which Mayor Wickham
was the head, aided in the overthrow of the Tweed Ring. In
1872 Mr. Whitney ran for District Attorney on the Apollo Hall
ticket, but was defeated. He afterward joined the Tammany
Hall organization, Init remained in close relations with Mr. Til-
den. In 1875 he was appointed by Mayor Wickham Corporation
Counsel, to succeed E. Delafield Smith, removed. He was twice
reappointed to the position, resigning the office in November,
1882. He was conspicuous in organizing the Young Men's
Democratic Club. After Tammany's opposition to Tilden, Mr.
Whitney, with others, organized the Irving Hall Democracy.
When that fell into disrepute he assisted in organizing the
County Democracy.

Mr. Whitney was appointed Secretary of the Navy by Presi-
dent Cleveland in 1885, and served during that administration of
four years with distinguished success, being intimately identified
with the creation of the present na\y. Upon the expiration of

WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY liGT

his term he retired to private life, resolutely declining all offers
of political preferment. Down to the present time, however, he
has remained one of the most forceful and influential Hgures in
the Democratic party in the United States.

Instead of returning to his legal practice, Mr. ^Vlutney in 188'.)
interested himself in financial and general business affairs, espe-
cially in connection with the great Metropolitan Street Railway
system of New York. He is a director or tru.stee of numerous
hanks, trust companies, and other corporations. He is a mem-
ber of most of the leading clubs of New York city and of many in
other cities. He and his family have long enjoyed conspicuous
social leadership in New York, Washington, and elsewhere, and
his mansion on Fifth Avenue is famed as one of the most splen-
did residences in New York. It is especially rich in works of
art, Mr. Whitney having been for years a generous but discrimi-
nating purchaser of paintings, both old and new.

In the fall of 1897 Mr. Wliitney became interested in the turf,
and in the following year he appeared in the sporting world as
the owner of a fine racing-stable. Since that time he has become
the owner of some of the most notable horses in the world, such
as Jean Beraud, Ballyhoo Bey, and Hamburg, and has won in-
numerable races in iVmerica, including some of tlie greatest on
the turf, and also, in 1901, the classic English Derby, the last-
named being won with the horse Volodyovski.

Mr. Whitney was married, in 1869, to Flora Payne, daughter of
Henry B. Pajnie, United States Senator from Ohio. She died in
1892, leaving him four children. Thes(> are Harry Payne Whit-
ney, who married Gertrude Vaiulerbilt, daughter of CorneUus
Vanderbilt ; Pauline Whitney, who married Almeric Hugh Paget
of England ; Payne Whitney, who married Helen Hay, daughter
of John Hay, Secretary of State of the United States ; and Doro-
thy Whitney. Mr. Wliitnoy was marri(Ml again, in 1S9G, to
Edith S. May Randolph of East Com't, Wiltsliire, England, who
died in May, 1899, in consequence of injuries received in a
hunting-field accident more than a year before.

GEOEGE WOODWARD WICKERSHAM

GEORGE WOODWARD WICKERSHAM is of mingled
English and Swedish stock. His father, Samuel Morris
Wickersham, was of EngUsh Quaker origin, a son of Thomas
Wickersham, first president of the Philadelphia Board of Brokers,
at first a successful civil engineer, and afterward an equally
successful iron and steel merchant, being thus identified with the
characteristic industries of the great Keystone State, colonel also
of the Twenty-second Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers
in the Civil War. His mother, Ehzabeth Cox Woodward,
was the daughter of Joseph Janvier Woodward and Elizabeth
Cox, his wife. Mr. Woodward was of English origin, and was a
prominent pubhsher in Philadelphia, while Miss Cox, whom he
married, was of Swedish ancestry.

Our subject was born to Samuel M. and Elizabeth C. W.
Wickersham, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on September 15,
1858. His mother died while he was an infant, and he was cared
for and brought up largely by his maternal grandparents, Mr.
and Mrs. Woodward. They designed him for a professional career,
and accordingly paid close attention to his education. After
piu'suing preparatory courses, he was sent to Lehigh University,
where he studied civil engineering, and then to the Law School of
the University of Pennsylvania. From the latter he was gradu-
ated in 1880 with the degree of LL. B.

Mr. Wickersham began the practice of his profession in the
city of Philadelphia in the fall of 1880. At that time he formed
a partnership with Charles B. McMichael, who has now become
a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Pliiladelphia. This
association proved agreeable and profitable, but Mr. Wickersham
soon came to the conclusion that New York would be a better

368

GEORGE WOODWARD WICKERSHAM 3G9

field for the exercise of his talents. In the spring of 1882, accord-
ingly, he removed to New York, and entered as an employee the
office of Chamberlain, Carter & Hornblower. There he pros-
pered and his abilities secured recognition. At the beginning
of 1883 he became managing clerk in the office of Strong & Cad-
wallader, and on May 1, 1887, he was admitted to partnership
in that firm. The other members were Charles E. Strong,
John L. Cadwallader, and George F. Butterworth. On Octob(»r
1, 1897, Mr. Strong died, and the sur\nving members have since
conducted the business under the old fii-m-name. This fiim
was founded by George W. Strong about the year 1800. It next
l)ecame known as George T. & Charles E. Strong, then as
Strong & Bidwell, and finally as Strong & Cadwallader. It has
been counsel for the Bank for Savings since 1819, and for
the Seamen's Savings Bank since 1829. It has a lai'ge real-estate
and corporation business, and is the legal representative of many
estates. Mr. Wickersham's own specialtj^ is corporation law.

Mr. Wickersham is a member of the Metropolitan, Centmy,
Players', Grolier, Down-Town, Church, Ardsley, and Rockaway
Hunt clubs, and of the New York Bar Association, of which
latter he is a member of the executive committee.

He was married, on September 19, 1883, to Miss Mildred
Wendell, daughter of Cornelius Wendell of Washington, D. C,
and niece of the Hon. John Wendell of New York. They have
three children.

Mr. Wickersham is a nephew of J. J. Woodward, surgeon of
the United States Anny, author and editor of the "Medical
History of the War," which has been published by order of the
government.

MORNAY WILLIAMS

FOR more than fifty-two years tlie Rev. Williani R. Wil-
liams, S. T. D., LL. D., was pastor of tlie Amity — formerly
Amity Street — Baptist Church of New York city. He was also
the author of a number of books, chiefly relating to church his-
tory and theological topics. His wife was fonnerly Miss Mary
S. Bowen, daughter of John Bowen, an old-time merchant of New
York. Both Dr. and Mrs, Williams were natives of New York
city, but the parents of both, with the exception of Mrs. Williams's
mother, were natives of Wales. The farm in Wales which, prior
to the removal of Dr. Williams's father to this country in 1795,
had been occupied by the Williams family for at least two hun-
dred years is known as Plas Llecheiddior, and lies on the slopes
of Mount Snowdon, about ten miles from Carnarvon.

Mornay WiUiams, son of Dr. and Mrs. Wilhams, was born in
New York on June 21, 1856. In infancy and boyhood he was in
frail health, and was thus unable to attend school. He did enter
Dr. Chapin's School, but was compelled to leave it within a year.
His studies were, accordingly, pursued at home, and he thus re-
ceived an excellent preparation for college. He also gained
health and strength, and was thus enabled to enter Columbia
College, to pursue its regular course, and to be graduated there-
from in 1878. Two years later he was gi'aduated from the Co-
lumbia College Law School, and finally, in 1881, he received
from the college the degree of A. M., after examination.

Mr. Williams was admitted to the bar of New York in 1880,
and at once entered the firm of Dixon, Goodwin & Williams, of
which his brother, Leighton Williams, now pastor of the Amity
Baptist Church, was a member. This firm lasted until 1887,
when Leighton Wilhams withdrew from it to enter the ministry

370

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MORNAY WILLIAMS 371

and to become pastor of tlic cluireli with wliich his father lia«l
so long been identitied. Professor J. T. (foodwiii also retin-d
from it. The tirm was accordingly reorganized under the styln
of Dixon, Wilhams & Ashley. In 1891 the senior member, Ed-
ward H. Dixon, died, and Messrs. Williams and Ashley contin
ued the business together. Finally, in April, 1898, Clarence 1>.
Ashley withdrew from the partnership, he having beeome deau
of the Law School of New York University, and since that date
Mr. Williams has pursued the practice of his profession alone.

Throughout his career as a lawj'cr Mr. Williams has been i^liicfly
engaged in real-estate practice and coimsel work. He has been
legal adviser to a nmnber of large estates, among them those of
Wilham B. Ogden, Samuel J. Tilden, William Borden, James
Bowen, and Courtlandt Palmer. He has long enjoyed an en-
viable reputation for success, and for the possession of qualities
which deserve and command success. He has held no political
office.

Mr. Williams is a member of the State and City Bar asso-
ciations and the Quill Club. He is president of the New York
Juvenile Asylum, and a director of the Evangelical Alhauce,
American Tract Society, Federation of Chm*ches, League for
Social Service, Legal Aid Society, and other organizations. He
has been conspicuously and effectively identified with much
pliilanthropic work, and has di-afted many social reform laws.
He has also done not a little woi'k along hterary lines. With
his brother, the Rev. Leighton Williams, he edited " Serampore
Letters," the correspondence of his grandfather, the Rev. John
Williams, with Wilham Carey and other early English Baptist
missionaries in India. This work was published by G. P. Put-
nam's Sons in 1893. He has also put forth in printed form, at
various times, a number of his own addresses, essays, etc., chiefly
on charitable and religious topics.

Mr. Williams was married, on June 21, 1886, to Miss Helen
Hope, daughter of the late George T. Hope, who was fonnerly
president of the Continental Fire Insurance Company of New
York. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have no children.

FLOYD BAKER WILSON

THE great-grandfather of Floyd B. Wilson was a member of
the Scotch community of the north of Ireland before he
came to this country. His grandson, William H. Wilson, the
father of our subject, was a farmer m Albany Coiuity, New York,
and is still living, in retirement, at Fonda. Mr. Wilson's mother
was of English parentage, though herself born in this country.

Floyd Baker Wilson was born at Watervliet, New York, on
June 23, 1845, on his father's farm, and at the age of seven years
was taken, with the family, to Tribes Hill, Montgomery County,
New York. He was prepared for college at Jonesville Academy,
Saratoga County, New York, and then went West to the Uni-
versity of Michigan, where he pursued the regular classical
course, and was gi-aduated with the degree of A. B. in 1871.
Three years later the same institution gave him the degree of
A. M. He also attended the Ohio State Law School, and was
there graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1873. At the age
of seventeen he began teaching school, and thus earned enough
money to carry him through two years at the university. Then,
at the end of his sophomore year, he had to leave the imiversity
for a couple of years while he taught school again and earned
enough money to finish the course. This second term of teach-
ing was spent in the high school at Cleveland, Ohio.

After graduation from the Law School, Mr. Wilson practised
law in Chicago, Ilhnois, from 1874 to 1880, and then came to New
York, Here he devoted his attention chiefly to corporation law
and to the promotion of mining and other industrial enterprises.
His work frequently carried him to foreign lands, and he has
thus traveled extensively in most of the countries of Europe, in
Mexico, Central America, and some of the South American

372

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FLOYD BAKER WILSON 373

republics. He has always, since his comiug hither, maiutaiued
a law office in this city, but his other business interests have for
years sm-passed his practice of that profession in importance.
He is now president and counsel of the Santa Barbara Gold
Placer Company, the Ruby Clold & Copper Company, and the
Ai-izona Grold & Copper Company, counsel of the Salvador
Mining & Milling Company, director of the Santa Fe 6c
Grand Canon Raih'oad Comi)any, and he is interested in various
other enterprises. Richmond College conferred the honorary
degi-ee of LL. D. on Mr. Wilson in June, 1901.

Mr. Wilson is a Repubhcan in politics, but has held no pohtical
office. He has frequently spoken in political campaigns, and
for ten years was an active member of the Republican Club of
New York. He is a member of the Masonic Order, belonging
to Kane Lodge, No. 454, Free and Accepted Masons, and also to
the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite bodies, and to Mecca
Temple of the Mystic Shrine. At the University of Michigan
he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, and
is now a member of its club in this city, and also of the Lotus
Club.

Apart from his professional and business activities, Mr. Wilson
has always manifested pronounced literary tastes. At the uni-
versity he excelled in literary composition, and as an alumnus
he was chosen to be the university poet in 1880 and its orator in
1888. He has been also a fi'equent contributor to magazines and
other periodicals, such as "Harper's," "Lippincott's," "Godey's,"
the " Engineering Magazine," the " Metaphysical Magazine,"
" Mind," etc., his articles treating of travel and research. He
is a master of the Spanish language, and has pubhshed a trans-
lation of " La Coja y el Encogido." In October, 1901, R. F.
Fenno & Co. published a series of papers on advanced thought
by him, under the title of "Paths to Power."

Mr. Wilson man-ied Miss Esther M. Cleveland, daughter of
Horace G. Cleveland, senior member of the u-on firm of Cleve-
land, Brown & Co. of Cleveland, Ohio. They have two daugh-
ters. Pearl Cleveland Wilson, now a student in Vassar College,
and Beryl Madeline Wilson.

HENEY RANDALL WILSON

HENRY RANDALL WILSON, the head of the firm of
Wilson & Stephens, who has become prominent as a
banker and broker and as a director in many important cor-
porations, comes of mixed Dutch and Enghsh ancestry. His
father, George Conover Wilson, a dry-goods merchant, came
from the Dutch family of Kouenhoven (Anglicized into Conover)
and the English family of Wilson, while his mother, Eliza Wil-
son, was of pure English ancestry.

Mr. Wilson was born in the city of Brooklyn, New York, on
January 22, 1867, and was educated in the public schools of that
city. His business career was begmi as an office-boy in a whole-
sale stationery house, whence he went into a house engaged in
the metal trade, and later still into a carpet house. At the age
of twenty-one, however, he turned away from these occupations
and entered the busy whii'l of Wall Street, with which he has
since been successfully identified.

Soon after his entry into Wall Street Mr. Wilson became
cashier in a prominent banking house, and there remained for
about three years or until he was twenty-foiu' years old. Then
he began business on his own account. His first venture was
in partnership with James N. Brown, in the firm of James N.
Brown & Co., bankers. Five years later this firm was dissolved,
and he then formed a partnership with Thomas W. Stephens
under the style of Wilson & Stephens. This is the present
banking firm of which Mr. Wilson is the head. It has become
widely known for its handling of bonds and for its manage-
ment of large corporations, in which Mr. Wilson takes an active
interest.

The corporations in which Mr. Wilson is a du-ector include

374

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HENRY RANDALL WILSON v{75

the Consolidated Gras Company of Baltimore, Maryland, the
New York Realty Corporation, the Erie Telegi-aph & Teleplione
Company, the Telephone, Telegi-aph, & Cable Conqiany of
America, the Knickerbocker Telephone Company of New Yurk,
the Boston & New York Telephone Company, the New York
& Queens Electric Light & Power Company, the Quincy
(Illinois) Gas & Electric Company, the Newtown & Flushing
Gas Company, the Williamsport (Pennsylvania) Gas Company,
the New Amsterdam Casualty Company, the Universal Tobacco
Company, the National Match Company, the Security & In-
vestment Company of Pittsbm-g, Pennsylvania, and the Amer-
ican Automatic Weighing Machine Company, Limited. Mr.
Wilson has also been identified with large estates in the West,
and has carried thi-ough successfully the hquidation of one
involving about $3,000,000 in mortgages. In his various busi-
ness enterprises he has been and is associated with such men as
James Speyer, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Charles Steele, Charles H.
Tweed, Harrison E. Gawtry, Frank Tilford, Randal Morgan,
Charles W. Morse, Henry C. McCormick, James A. Gary, and
Fei-dinand C. Latrobe.

Mr. Wilson has held and has sought no political office. He
is a member of a number of prominent social organizations,
including the Colonial and Reform clubs of New York, the
Maryland Club of Baltimore, the Monmouth Beach Country
Club, the Monmouth Beach GoH Club, the Seabright Golf Club,
and of the New York Chamber of Commerce.

He was married in 1887 to Miss Emma Louise Harding of
Brooklyn, New York, and has five children: Ethel Harthng
Wilson, Helen Conover Wilson, Ruth Baldwm Wilson, Louise
Tribbe Wilson, and Henry Conover Wilson.

RICHARD T. WILSON, JR

AMONG the many Southern famihes which since the Civil
J^\- War have settled in New York and other Northern cities
and have in their new homes commanded social distinction and
achieved business success, none is better known than that of
Wilson. Its head, Richard T. Wilson, is a native of Georgia, in
which State he and his ancestors before him for several genera-
tions occupied a conspicuous place. In early life he was a suc-
cessful business man and amassed a handsome fortune. The
outbreak of the Civil War, however, disturbed his industrial and
commercial pursuits. Ai*dently devoted to his native State, he
decided to cast in his lot with hers in the conflict with the
federal government. Accordingly he entered the Confederate
army and served throughout the war. His services were highly
efficient, and he rose to the rank of commissary-general.

Few States of the South were more ravaged by the war than
Georgia, across which Sherman " plowed his red furrow." Its
industries were prostrated, and innumerable private fortunes
were swept away. Mr. Wilson was happily enabled to safeguard
a large part of his fortune, so that the end of the war found him
still in affluence. He decided, however, to remove from Georgia
to the North, and so came straight to New York, accompanied
by his wife, who had been a Miss Johnston, a member of the
well-known Johnston family of Macon, Georgia.

In the Northern metropolis the Wilsons quickly gamed and
established an enviable position. Mr. Wilson foimded a banking
house in WaU Street, which has long ranked among the foremost
in the city, and which has been concerned in some of the most
important financial operations. The home of the family is on
Fifth Avenue near Fortj'-thu'd Street, and it is one of the chief

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RICHARD T. WILSON, JR. 377

social centers of the city. The coiintry home of tlie Wilsons is
one of the best-known houses at Newport.

Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have two sons and three daughters. Of
the latter, one married Ogden Goelet, another the Hon. Michael
H. Herbert, member of a British family of noble rank, and tlie
third, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr. The eklest son, Marshall Onue
Wilson, married Miss Caroline Astor, daughter of the late
William Astor.

The younger of the two sons, Richard T. Wilson, Jr., is one
of the best-known young men in New York society. He was l)orn
in New York and educated in its private schools and at Columbia
College, from which latter he was graduated in 1887. He is now
engaged in the banking business, ^vith his father and elder
brother. In January, 1898, he was appointed a Commissioner
of Municipal Statistics, in the New York city government.

Mr. Wilson was an usher at the wedding of Miss Consuelo
Vanderbilt and the Duke of Marlborough, and has been promi-
nent in many of the most important social functions of recent
years. He is a member of the Metropolitan, Union, Knicker-
bocker, St. Anthony, Racquet, and New York Yacht clubs, and
the Down-Town Association of New York city, the Country
Club of Westchester County, and the Columbia College Alumni
Association.

Mr. Wilson was married, on March 12, 1902, to Miss Marion
Steadman Mason of Boston.

ALBERT J. WISE

rilHE migrations of American families from one part of tlie
-L United States to anotlier often form a most interesting and
romantic study. In general, the tide is supposed to set from the
East to the West, following the traditional " course of empire,"
There are, however, exceptions to the rule. The West gives to
the East, and the South gives to the North, and there are those
whose itineraries involve nearly all sections of the country. In
the present case, for example, we have to do with one whose
family pilgrimage hegins in the far South, makes its way to the
middle West, and thence comes to the oldest States of the East.

Alhert J. Wise, son of Jacob and Helen Wise, was born at
Lima, Ohio, on September 24, 1872. His father, who was an
extensive real-estate proprietor, and who served in the Civil War
with the Ohio Volunteers, came of an old Louisiana family,
whose members in a former generation were among the earliest
pioneer settlers of Ohio, then known as the Northwest Territory.

After receiving a thorough education in the elementary
branches in his native place, Mr. Wise went to South Williams-
town, Massachusetts, and was a student in the well-known
Grreylock Institute. There he was prepared to begin a college
course. Finally he entered Yale University, and there completed
his academic training.

Mr. Wise's studies included a course in law, upon the comple-
tion of which he was enabled to begin the practice of that pro-
fession. With that end in view he came to New York city, and
in 1891 was admitted to the bar. The next year he began work
in the office of Lambert S. Quackenbush, and there reinforced
his scholastic knowledge with that gained only through practical
experience. His work in that office was so eminently satisfac-

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ALBERT J. WISE 379

toiy, both to himself and to Mr. Quackenbush, that the next
year, 1893, he became a partner in the firm of Quackenbush &
Wise.

All the learned professions are now much speciaUzed, that of
the law among them. Mr. Wise is, of course, famiUar mth the
whole general range of law practice. But lie has paid especial
attention to the two specialties which in New York are perhaps
most promising of all, namely, coiporation law and real-estate
law. In these he has made himself an expert, and in them he
has secm-ed for himself and his fii-m one of the best practices in
New York.

Such law practice has natm-ally led Mr. Wise into intimate
relations with various other business enterprises, and he is now
officially connected with a number of corporations. He is presi-
dent of the Standard Carbonating Company, president of the
Fowler Trust Association, president of the Bunnell Telegi-aphic
and Electrical Company, and a director of the A. D. Ashmead
Company.

Mr. Wise has taken an active interest in politics as a citizen,
but has never sought political distinction and has held no pubhc
offices of importance.

He is a member of a number of clubs and other social organi-
zations, among which may be mentioned the New York Yacht
Club, the Atlantic Yacht Club, the Knickerbocker Yacht Club,
the Manhasset Yacht Club, the New York Club, the Nassau
Country Clul), the Magnetic Club, the Ohio Society, and the Phi
Gramma Delta Fraternity.

Mr. Wise was married, in April, 1896, to Miss Gerti-ude V.
Bunnell, daughter of the late Jesse H. Bunnell of Brooklyn,
New York.

<^JD

JOHN DAVID WOLFE

A MONG the eminent business men and public-spirited citizens
Xj^ of New York in the first part of the last century, a leading
place was occupied by John David Wolfe, who was born in New
York city on July 2, 1792. His father before him was also a
prominent citizen of New York, having served with distinction
in the Revolutionary War, and at its close having engaged in
the hardware trade, in which he attained marked success.

John David Wolfe was carefully educated, but did not seek a
professional career. On the contrary, he entered the hardware
business with his father. In time he succeeded his father in
the proprietorship and management of the fine trade which the
latter had built up, and conducted it successfully for a number
of years. He also engaged in extensive real-estate operations,
and in the latter was notably fortunate. His foresight in pur-
chasing real estate was generally imerring, and in consequence
he realized large profits from many of his investments. Thus at
the age of only fifty years he was enabled to retire from busi-
ness with an ample fortune, and to devote his attention for the
remainder of his long and useful life to philanthropic works.

Mr. Wolfe was for many years identified with Trinity (Protes-
tant Episcopal) Church in New York, and was a vestryman of
it. Later he became a member of Grace Church, and was its
senior warden. He was associated with the manifold activities
of both those great parishes, and substantially contributed to
their efficiency. In the general affairs of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church in the United States he was deeply interested. He
prepai'ed and at his own expense published and distributed a
" Mission Service " consisting of appropriate selections from the
Book of Common Prayer. This work was highly commended,

380

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JOHN- DAVID WOLFE 381

and was and is -vridely used in the church throu^'hout tho land.
It was translated into German, French, Spanish, and Itahan,
and more than one hundred and thii-ty tliousand copies of it
were put hito circulation. ]\Ii-. Wolfe took murli interest in
church work on the frontier of ci^^lization, and was muuilicent
to a princely degree in his gifts and aid to such dioceses as
those of Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Iowa, Utah, Nevada, and
Oregon.

The relief of orphans and the aged and the reformation of
prisoners were matters which lay close to Mr. Wolfe's heart, as
did also the matter of general and special education. He
founded the High School for Girls and Wolfe's Hall at Denver,
Colorado. He established a diocesan school for girls at To-
peka, Kansas. He erected at his own cost a fine building for
the Theological School of Kenyon College. He gave a fund for
the College of the Sisters of Bethany at Topeka, Kansas. He
built a home for crippled and destitute children and for im|»ov-
evished Christian men iu Suffolk Covmty on Long Island. In
conjimction with Peter Cooper, he founded the " Sheltering
Arms" charity in New York city. He was interested in the
estal)lishment of St. Johnland, was its first president, and for
the remainder of his life thereafter was one of its most liberal
supporters. He was president of the Working-women's Pro-
tective Union, vice-president of the Society of the New York
Hosjiital, and an officer or member, and always an active one,
of numerous other religious, benevolent, and educational or-
ganizations.

Mr. Wolfe was elected president of the American Museum of
Natm-al History in New York on April 6, 1869, and filled that
place with gi-eat acceptability and profit to the public until his
death. Although not actively concerned in finance, he as-
sisted materially in the organization of at least two national
banks in New York. He was not a club-man, biit he was
Avidely known iu society, and was universally esteemed as one of
the most public-spirited citizens of the metroi)olis. His dispo-
sition was gentle and lovable. He was always amiable and
approachable, and was particularly unostentatious.

He married Miss Dorothea Ann Lorillard, second daughter of
Peter Lorillard, who bore him two daughters. Ow of these

382

JOHN DAVID WOLFE

died at an early age. The other, Miss Catherine Lorillard Wolfe
Hved long to carry on his noble works, and to administer his for-
tune m a worthy and beneficent manner. It will be recalled
that Miss Wolfe devoted her Hfe largely to benevolent works
bhe gave large sums of money to Grace Church, to St. Luke's
Hospital, to St. Johnland, to Griswold College, to Union College
and to the diocesan house in Lafayette Place, New York. By
her will she gave an endowment of $550,000 to Grace Church
and $200,000 and a priceless collection of works of art to the
Metropolitan Museum of Art.

John David Wolfe died, full of years and honors, on May 17
1872, and after his death many of his good deeds became known
which he had kept from the world's knowledge during his
hfetime.

jM«.- '

^:^^^^&^^ue/^A^

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GEOEGE WASHINGTON WIUGHT

THE quiet but attractive old village of Amuwalk, in the
town of Soiners, Westchester County, New York, contains
many historic relics, regarded ^\^tll curious interest by the sum-
mer visitor, as well as by the more careful student of olden times.
Among tliem is the ancestral homestead of the Wright family,
established fully two centuries ago. The Wright family in the
course of many generations has intermarried with many promi-
nent Westchester County families, and has become thoroughly
identified with the history and welfare of that interesting re-
gion. In the last generation Da\'id B. Wright, a farmer, married
Rachel A, Scott, a member of the weU-known Archer family of
Yonkers and Albany, which has been settled in Westchester
County for more than two centuries. In the last century the
Archers owned much real estate at Yonkers, but it was, unliap-
pily, largely converted into continental currency, with chsastrous
results.

George Washington Wright, a son of this couple, was born in
New Y^ork city, on December 31, 1844. He attended the old Thir-
teenth Street Pubhc School, and there, and through his home
studies and practical experience, he acquired an excellent edu-
cation. Among the studies to which he devoted himself with
most zeal was that of stenography, and, becoming expert in it,
he presently decided to make the practice thereof his busmess in
hfe.

• Nor was this an unworthy choice. At that time there were
comparatively few competent shorthand reporters in the com-
munity—indeed, the number of them in the whole United States
could be readily counted. For one who was really proficient and
accurate there was always plenty of employment, at good pay.

383

384 GEOKGE WASHINGTON WEIGHT

Mr. Wright was highly proficient. He made a specialty of law
reporting, and. soon became noted as one of the most expert re-
porters in the com-ts of the city, possessing ahke great speed
and nnfaihng accm'acy. Nor was his work altogether confined
to the law-courts. He also engaged in miscellaneous work,
including some for newspapers, and a good deal for the Repub-
Ucan party organization. Indeed, one of his earhest engage-
ments was that of official stenographer to the National Repubhcan
Committee during the Presidential campaign of 1868. This was
a highly important piece of work, and it was performed with ad-
mirable success. Thi-ough it Mr. Wright became acquainted with
many leading politicians from all parts of the comitry, and thus
gained for himself a firm standing in political hfe. Four years
later he was again engaged in the same work, in the campaign
of 1872. For a time, also, Mr. Wright was employed on the staff
of the "Tribune."

Mr. Grinnell, when he was Collector of the Port of New York,
appointed Mr. Wright stenographer of the law division of the
custom-house, and this was the beginning of a long service
there. He became subsequently the chief clerk of the law di-
vision, then and always after the center of the adjustment of
the contentions and snarls incident to the administration of the
customs statutes, and served as its Acting Deputy Collector dur-
ing the collectorships of Edwin A. Me'rritt and William H. Rob-
ertson.

When the advent of the Cleveland administration changed the
pohtical complexion of the custom-house, Mr. Wright changed his
occupation, and, being recognized as an authority on customs law
and practice, became the representative of many importers in
their dealings with the government, both at the custom-house
and before the board of general appraisers, and directly with
the Treasury Department at Washington. In this pxu'suit his
long experience in the customs service has proved of much value
to his patrons and to himself.

Apart from his employment in the customs service Mr. Wright
has held no pohtical place, and has taken little part in pohtics.

Mr. Wright is married, his wife having formerly been Miss
Emma Parsons of Keokuk, Iowa.

^^^

EUGENE ZAISS

AMONG tlie German element of American citizenshii), with
JrS^ its sterling qualities of mind and heart, the Zaiss family
has for two generations occupied an honorable place. John
Leonard Zaiss of Philadelphia was for many years a leading
importer and manufacturer of silk ribbons, gimps, and similar
goods. To him and his wife, Juha Zaiss, was l)oni, in Philadel-
phia, on May 9, 1860, a son to whom they gave the name of
Eugene. Not long afterward they removed to New York, and
in this city Eugene Zaiss spent his boyhood and received his
education at a German academy.

Early in life he began what was destined to become a note-
worthy mercantile career. His first engagement was as an office
boy for Pritchard, Choate & Smith, in which place he served
faithfully. The law was not, however, to his hking, and he soon
changed his place of employment to the offices of the Standard
Suit and Cloak Company. There he was at first an errand boy.
But his diUgence, integrity, and aptitude for the business won
him promotion after promotion, until, after twelve years of ser\ice
in various grades of employment, he was admitted to the firm as a
junior partner.

The company was reorganized in 1890, and from it the new
firm of A. Beller & Co. was formed. In that change he was the
prime mover, and he remained an influential member of the
house. Six years later another change was made. A new firm
was organized, under the name of Zaiss, Wersba & Co., of wliich
Mr. Zaiss was the head. That an-angement still prevails, and
has been marked throughout with high success. The business
of the firm is the same as that of the original house, the manu-
facture of cloaks and suits for women's wear, and the firm occu-

385

386 EUGENE ZAISS

pies a commanding position in that important department of
industry.

Mr. Zaiss lias been too busy a man to attend to many outside
matters, or to take any part in politics, save as an intelligent
private citizen. He is, however, a member of various clubs, in
which he finds social enjoyment and respite from the cares of
business. Among these are the Brooklyn Germania Club, the
Crescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn, the Merchants' Central Club
of New York, and the Boonton Fish and Game Club of New
Jersey.

Mr. Zaiss was married, on July 29, 1890, to Mrs. M. J. Martin.
They make their home in the borough of Brooklyn, and now
have two children — Eugenia Buchanan Zaiss and Leonard Carl
Zaiss.

Mr. Zaiss is interested in his business, not merely for the sake
of personal profit, abundant as the latter has been to him, but
with an earnest desire to promote its general welfare and improve
its general methods. He devotes much time to writing articles
concerning the trade for the " Dry Goods Economist," " Cloaks
and Furs," and the " Cloak Buyer." In these he endeavors to
point out and correct the evils which exist in the trade, and to
set forth to the retailer the essential facts of the " inside work-
ings " of it. There are many points in the manufacture of gar-
ments which are unknown to those not actually engaged in the
work, and yet which should be known to all who handle those
garments in the retail trade. Such knowledge Mr. Zaiss strives
to convey to those who need it, and thus tries to raise the stan-
dard of the industry to the level of those of older standing. In
this way he is of much assistance to others in the business, and
has come to be regarded as one of the foremost expert authorities
in the cloak-making trade.

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